Abstract
Immune activation not only accompanies inflammation in various disorders including infections, autoimmune syndromes and cancer, but it also represents a characteristic feature of ageing. Immune deviations which are most widely expressed in the elderly include increased neopterin production and tryptophan breakdown. These biochemical events result from the activation of the immune system and are preferentially triggered by pro-inflammatory stimuli, such as the Th1-type cytokine interferon-γ. They seem to play a role in the development of several age-related disorders and might be involved in the pathogenesis of common symptoms, including neurobehavioral disorders (e.g., cognitive and mood disturbances), anemia, cachexia, weight-loss but also immunodeficiency. Concentrations of the biomarkers neopterin and Kyn/Trp were found to be predictive of overall disease specific mortality in coronary artery disease, infections and various types of cancer. Immune activation and inflammation are also accompanied by high output of reactive oxygen species and thereby may lead to the development of oxidative stress and contribute to the vitamin deficiency which is often observed in the elderly. Accordingly, increases in neopterin were found to correlate with a substantial decline in key vitamins, including folate and vitamin-B6, - B12, -C, -D and -E.
Keywords: Aging, neopterin, tryptophan breakdown, inflammation, antioxidants, vitamins.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Activated Immune System and Inflammation in Healthy Ageing: Relevance for Tryptophan and Neopterin Metabolism
Volume: 20 Issue: 38
Author(s): Lucile Capuron, Simon Geisler, Katharina Kurz, Friedrich Leblhuber, Barbara Sperner-Unterweger and Dietmar Fuchs
Affiliation:
Keywords: Aging, neopterin, tryptophan breakdown, inflammation, antioxidants, vitamins.
Abstract: Immune activation not only accompanies inflammation in various disorders including infections, autoimmune syndromes and cancer, but it also represents a characteristic feature of ageing. Immune deviations which are most widely expressed in the elderly include increased neopterin production and tryptophan breakdown. These biochemical events result from the activation of the immune system and are preferentially triggered by pro-inflammatory stimuli, such as the Th1-type cytokine interferon-γ. They seem to play a role in the development of several age-related disorders and might be involved in the pathogenesis of common symptoms, including neurobehavioral disorders (e.g., cognitive and mood disturbances), anemia, cachexia, weight-loss but also immunodeficiency. Concentrations of the biomarkers neopterin and Kyn/Trp were found to be predictive of overall disease specific mortality in coronary artery disease, infections and various types of cancer. Immune activation and inflammation are also accompanied by high output of reactive oxygen species and thereby may lead to the development of oxidative stress and contribute to the vitamin deficiency which is often observed in the elderly. Accordingly, increases in neopterin were found to correlate with a substantial decline in key vitamins, including folate and vitamin-B6, - B12, -C, -D and -E.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Capuron Lucile, Geisler Simon, Kurz Katharina, Leblhuber Friedrich, Sperner-Unterweger Barbara and Fuchs Dietmar, Activated Immune System and Inflammation in Healthy Ageing: Relevance for Tryptophan and Neopterin Metabolism, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2014; 20 (38) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612820666140317110217
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612820666140317110217 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Milk Fat Globule Epidermal Growth Factor VIII Signaling in Arterial Wall Remodeling
Current Vascular Pharmacology The Promise of Slow Down Ageing May Come from Curcumin
Current Pharmaceutical Design Effects of Diabetes on Murine Lipoproteins and Vascular Disease
Current Drug Targets ADAM17 as a Therapeutic Target in Multiple Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Clinical Research on the Aortic Elasticity in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Complicated with Hypertension
Current Medical Imaging Nuclear Hormone Receptors and Female Reproduction
Current Molecular Medicine Plasma Potassium Levels in Healthy Prehypertension Subjects and the Role of A High Potassium Drink
Current Hypertension Reviews Clinical Perspectives on the Role of Anti-Platelet and Statin Therapy in Patients with Vascular Diseases
Current Vascular Pharmacology Ischemic Colitis: Current Diagnosis and Treatment
Current Drug Targets The Role of Muscarinic Receptors in the Pathophysiology of Mood Disorders:A Potential Noveltreatment?
Current Neuropharmacology Interstitial Lung Disease Associated with Polymyositis-Dermatomyositis
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews High Density Lipoprotein – Should we Raise it?
Current Vascular Pharmacology Arrhythmias and Left Ventricular Hypertrabeculation/Noncompaction
Current Pharmaceutical Design Cellular Mechanisms of the Protective Effect of Polyphenols on the Neurovascular Unit in Strokes
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Gender Differences in the Clinical Presentation of Heart Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Statins: A Valuable Tool for the Prevention/Regression of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) Why Do We Need New Gene Therapy Viral Vectors? Characteristics, Limitations and Future Perspectives of Viral Vector Transduction
Current Gene Therapy Shear Stress-sensitive Carriers for Localized Drug Delivery
Current Pharmaceutical Design Anthocyanins As Modulators of Cell Redox-Dependent Pathways in Non-Communicable Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry Neuro-Clinical Signatures of Language Impairments after Acute Stroke: A VBQ Analysis of Quantitative Native CT Scans
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry