Euphorbia graminea Jacq. (Euphorbiaceae): In-Vitro Cytotoxic, Phytotoxic and Anti-Proliferative Assessment of the Extract and Fractions of the Leaves

doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v5i6.29

Authors

  • Emmanuel O. Ikpefan Department of Pharmacognosy and Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta State University Abraka, Nigeria
  • Bunniyamin A. Ayinde Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin, Nigeria
  • Mudassir Ahzah Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Pakistan

Keywords:

Cytotoxic, phytotoxic, Euphorbia, Brine Shrimp, fronds, Sorghum

Abstract

The genus Euphorbia is known to have several medicinal applications in ethnomedicine. The objective of this work was to evaluate the biological properties of the extract and fractions of E. graminea using the Brine shrimp and Tadpole  lethality, seed radicle and fronds inhibition as well as the anticancer activity using the SRB antiproliferative assays. The methanol extract of the leaves of E. graminea was partitioned using distilled water and chloroform. Phytochemical screening and the biological activities were carried out. The Brine Shrimp and Phytotoxic assays were carried out at concentrations between 10-1000 µg/mL, while the seed radicle, tadpole and SRB-antiproliferative assay were carried out at 1-30 mg/mL, 20-400 µg/mL and 1-250 µg/mL respectively for the extract and fractions of E. graminea. The chloroform fraction was observed to be 100% cytotoxic against the Brine Shrimps and Tadpoles at the highest concentrations of 1000 and 400 µg/mL, respectively. The crude extract and the chloroform fraction completely inhibited radicle growth at 30 mg/mL. For the phytotoxicity assay, an FI50 of 81.03 and 25.15 µg/mL was recorded for the chloroform fraction and paraquat, respectively. The chloroform fraction recorded LC50 of 72.54 µg/mL against 6.12 µg/mL by doxorubicin. These findings suggest the potential cytotoxic, phytotoxic and antiproliferative activities of the leaves of E. graminea

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Published

2021-06-01

How to Cite

Ikpefan, E. O., Ayinde, B. A., & Ahzah, M. (2021). Euphorbia graminea Jacq. (Euphorbiaceae): In-Vitro Cytotoxic, Phytotoxic and Anti-Proliferative Assessment of the Extract and Fractions of the Leaves: doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v5i6.29. Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research (TJNPR), 5(6), 1152–1157. Retrieved from https://tjnpr.org/index.php/home/article/view/641