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Increased production of nitric oxide in head kidney leukocytes of Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) fed a diet supplemented with cell walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Libertad Alzamora-Gonzales1*, Erasmo H. Colona-Vallejos1, Miguel Á. Aguilar-Luis1, Carlos H. Calderón-Bardales1, Elena L. Quillama-Polo2, Carolina De Amat-Herbozo1, Ronald A. Aquino-Ortega1 and Claudia Juárez-Falcón1
  • 1 Laboratory of Immunology. ICBAR. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Peru
  • 2 Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology Laboratory. ICBAR. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Peru

The use of immunostimulants in aquaculture has been widely developed in recent years as an alternative to improve the immunity of fish and thus reduce the environmental impact caused by the indiscriminate use of antibiotics that cause the emergence of resistant strains. The aim of the research was to demonstrate the nitric oxide increase in leukocytes from head kidney of Oncorhynchus mykiss treated with supplemented food with cell walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CWY). The trout were fed the experimental diet (commercial feed supplemented with CWY) while the control group was given only commercial diet for ten weeks. After this time, the trout did not receive food for 24 hours and six fish of each group were evaluated. It was isolated and homogenized the head kidney and spleen using Hank's solution without phenol red, supplemented with fetal calf serum (0.1%), penicillin (100 IU/mL), streptomycin (100 µg/mL) and 10 IU/mL of heparin. In 96-well microplates were dispensed 100 µL of leukocyte suspension from head kidney or spleen, and incubated at 18 ℃ for 2 hours. The test was performed in triplicate. Nitrite levels were determined by the Griess reaction. The nitrite concentration produced by the head kidney leukocytes in the experimental group was 43.70 pM while that in the control group was 21.73 μM (p< 0.05). Regarding spleen leukocytes nitrite concentration in the experimental and control groups were 30.43 PM and 21.67 PM, respectively (p <0.05). It is concluded that the diet supplemented with cell walls of a strain of S. cerevisisae is beneficial since it influences the significant increase in nitric oxide production, a highly toxic molecule produced by phagocytes and which is capable of causing the growth inhibition of bacteria and viruses fish pathogenic.

Acknowledgements

This research was carried out with funding from the VRI of San Marcos University-Lima-Perú. Multidisciplinary Project Cod. PM2012J01.

References

Aguilar, B; Solis, F y Francois J. (2005). Variation study of the composition of the polysaccharides contained in the cellular wall of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Gnosis. 3 (2), 394-402.

Alishahi, M; Ranjbar, M; Ghorbanpour, M; et al. (2010). Effects of dietary Aloe ver on some specific and nonspecific immunity in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio). International Journal of Veterinary Research. 4 (3), 189-195.

Devonita, P., Siddhartha, J. y Barun, R. (2007). Immunostimulatory effects of a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall feed supplement on Rohu (Labeo rohita), an indian major carp. The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture. 59 (3), 175-181.

Jeney, G; Galeotti, M; Volpatti, D; et al. (1997). Prevention of stress in rainbown trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed diets containing differen doses of glucan. Aquaculture 154 (1), 1-15.

Keywords: Yeast glucans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, immunostimulants in aquaculture, natural immunostimulants, immunostimulant for rainbow trout.

Conference: IMMUNOCOLOMBIA2015 - 11th Congress of the Latin American Association of Immunology - 10o. Congreso de la Asociación Colombiana de Alergia, Asma e Inmunología, Medellin, Colombia, 13 Oct - 16 Oct, 2015.

Presentation Type: Poster Presentation

Topic: Veterinary and Comparative Immunology

Citation: Alzamora-Gonzales L, Colona-Vallejos EH, Aguilar-Luis MÁ, Calderón-Bardales CH, Quillama-Polo EL, De Amat-Herbozo C, Aquino-Ortega RA and Juárez-Falcón C (2015). Increased production of nitric oxide in head kidney leukocytes of Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) fed a diet supplemented with cell walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.. Front. Immunol. Conference Abstract: IMMUNOCOLOMBIA2015 - 11th Congress of the Latin American Association of Immunology - 10o. Congreso de la Asociación Colombiana de Alergia, Asma e Inmunología. doi: 10.3389/conf.fimmu.2015.05.00242

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Received: 01 May 2015; Published Online: 14 Sep 2015.

* Correspondence: Dr. Libertad Alzamora-Gonzales, Laboratory of Immunology. ICBAR. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Lima, Lima 1, Peru, lalzamorag@gmail.com