Contribución científica regional sobre la viruela símica
Resumen
El resurgimiento de la viruela símica en 2017 después de 39 años sin que se notificara ningún caso en Nigeria, y la exportación de la viruela del mono de Nigeria a otras partes del mundo, en 2018 y 2019, respectivamente, han generado preocupación de que el virus puede haber surgido para ocupar el nicho ecológico e inmunológico dejado vacante por el virus de la viruela. Desde la erradicación de la viruela en 1980 y el cese de la vacunación contra la viruela de rutina a partir de entonces, se ha monitoreado el potencial de un aumento en los casos de viruela del mono. Desde entonces, han surgido dos clados distintos: una cepa más leve de África Occidental y una cepa más severa de África Central. La infección de animal a humano ocurre a través del contacto directo o indirecto con fluidos corporales, a través de la manipulación, mordeduras o rasguños. La transmisión de persona a persona puede ocurrir a través de goticas respiratorias o, contacto directo o indirecto con fluidos corporales, material lesionado y superficies contaminadas. No existen tratamientos específicos para pacientes con una infección por el virus de la viruela del mono. Sin embargo, brotes menores han sido controlados con vacunas contra la viruela, antivirales, e inmunoglobulina. Prevención y el manejo de la viruela del mono es similar al de otras infecciones por orthopoxvirus, y todos los casos confirmados por la infección por orthopoxvirus deben tratarse como si fueran viruela del simio hasta que sea probado lo contrario.
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