Colombia Internacional

Colomb. int. | eISSN 1900-6004 | ISSN 0121-5612

Sobornos y aceptación social en Perú: una aproximación con métodos mixtos

No. 110 (2022-04-01)
  • Viviana Baraybar Hidalgo
    University of Oxford (United Kingdom)
  • Yamile Guibert
    Cornell University (United States)
  • Paula Muñoz
    Universidad del Pacífico (Perú)

Resumen

Objetivo/contexto: ¿qué puede llevar a algunas personas a ser más propensas a mentir sobre su participación en la corrupción? Sostenemos que un enfoque psicológico para el estudio de la corrupción es importante para comprender quién miente sobre el comportamiento corrupto y por qué. Dado que los sesgos de deseabilidad social (SDB, por sus siglas en inglés) están relacionados con el carácter apropiado del comportamiento, en un contexto donde la corrupción está muy extendida las normas sociales pueden entrar en conflicto y dar lugar a SDB en encuestas con preguntas directas sobre comportamiento corrupto en el pasado. Además, debido a la existencia de normas contradictorias, algunos subgrupos de la población pueden verse particularmente afectados por este tipo de sesgo. Por lo tanto, las diferencias en la exposición a los niveles de corrupción entre los grupos sociales y las diversas expectativas sobre el comportamiento apropiado entre los referentes sociales podrían explicar las variaciones en las actitudes y los comportamientos dentro de la sociedad. Metodología: los grupos focales, el experimento de lista (list experiment) y los datos de encuestas en conjunto brindan evidencia que respalda nuestro enfoque psicológico. Conclusión: en general, confirmamos que el SDB funciona incluso en un contexto en el que la corrupción está muy extendida, como es el caso de Perú. Estadísticamente hablando, encontramos evidencia de que la socialización de género es una fuente importante de SDB cuando se informa directamente sobre comportamiento de soborno en el pasado. Sin embargo, otras diferencias sustantivas, no estadísticamente significativas, relacionadas con la edad merecen mayor discusión e investigación. Originalidad: este trabajo tiene dos contribuciones principales. Primero, destaca la importancia de diseñar medidas discretas al estudiar la prevalencia de prácticas corruptas en América Latina. Segundo, muestra que las intervenciones de política para combatir la corrupción pueden no ser igualmente efectivas en diferentes grupos de la población.

Palabras clave: corrupción, soborno, grupos focales, experimento de lista, psicología, comportamiento, América Latina

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