Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Developments in Paleoenvironmental Research ((DPER,volume 3))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Agee, J. K., 1993. Fire ecology of Pacific North west forests. Island Press. Washington, DC, 493 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, R. S., R. B. Davis, N. G. Miller & R. Stuckenrath, 1986. History of late-and post-glacial vegetation and disturbance around Upper South Branch Pone, northern Maine. Can. J. Bot. 64: 1977–1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, R. S. & S. J. Smith, 1997. The sedimentary record of fire in montane meadows. Sierra Nevada, California, USA: a preliminary assessment. In Clark, J. S., H. Cachier, J. G. Goldammer, B. Stocks (eds.) Sediment Records of Biomass Burning and Global Change. NATO ASI Series 1: Global Environmental Change, vol. 51, Springer (Berlin): 313–328.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andreae, M. O., 1991. Biomass burning: its history, use, and distribution and its impact on environmental quality and global climate. In Levin, J. (ed.) Global Biomass Burning: Atmospheric, Climatic, and Biospheric Implications. MIT Press, Cambridge (MA): 3–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arno, S. F. & K. M. Sneck, 1977. A method for determining fire history in coniferous forests in the mountain west. U.S.D.A. Forest Service General Technical Report, INT-42, 28 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Birks, H. J. B., 1997. Reconstructing environmental impacts of fire from the Holocene sedimentary record. In Clark, J. S., H. Cachier, J. G. Goldammer & B. Stocks (eds.) Sediment Records of Biomass Burning and Global Change. NATO ASI Series 1: Global Environmental Change, vol. 851, Springer (Berlin): 295–312.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradbury, J. P., 1996. Charcoal deposition and redeposition in Elk Lake. Minnesota, USA. The Holocene 6: 339–344.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brunelle, A. & R. S. Anderson, in press. Sedimentary charcoal as an indicator of late Holocene drought in the Sierra Nevada, California and its relevance to the future. The Holocene.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandler, C., P. Cheney, P. Thomas, L. Trabaud & D. Williams, 1983. Fire in forestry: volume I: forest fire behaviour and effects. John Wiley and Sons, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, J. S., 1988a. Particle motion and the theory of stratigraphic charcoal analysis: source area, transport, deposition, and sampling. Quat. Res. 30: 67–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, J. S., 1988b. Stratigraphic charcoal analysis on petrographic thin sections: applications to fire history in northwestern Minnesota. Quat. Res. 30: 81–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, J. S., 1990. Fire and climate change during the last 750 years in northwestern Minnesota. Ecol. Mon. 60: 135–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, J. S. & T. C. Hussey, 1996. Estimating the mass flux of charcoal from sedimentary records: effects of particle size, morphology, and orientation. The Holocene 6: 129–145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, J. S. & W. A. Patterson, III, 1997. Background and local charcoal in sediments: scales of fire evidence in the paleorecord. In Clark, J. S., H. Cachier, J. G. Goldammer & B. Stocks (eds.) Sediment Records of Biomass Burning and Global Change. NATO ASI Series 1: Global Environmental Change, vol. 51, Springer (Berlin): 23–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, J. S. & P. D. Royall, 1995. Particle size evidence for source areas of charcoal accumulation in late Holocene sediments of eastern North American lakes. Quat. Res. 43: 80–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, J. S. & P. D. Royall, 1996. Local and regional sediment charcoal evidence for fire regimes in presettlement northeastern North America. J. Ecol. 84: 365–382.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, J. S., J. Lynch, J. B. Stocks & J. Goldammer, 1998. Relationships between charcoal particles in air and sediments in West-central Siberia. The Holocene 8: 19–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, J. S., J. Merk & H. Muller, 1989. Post glacial fire, vegetation and human history of the northern Alpine forelands, south-western Germany. J. Ecol. 77: 897–925.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, R. L., 1982. Point count estimation of charcoal in pollen preparations and thin sections of sediment. Pollen Spores 24: 523–535.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, R. L., 1984. Effects on charcoal of pollen preparation procedures. Pollen Spores 26: 559–576.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cwynar, L. C., 1978. Recent history of fire and vegetation from annually laminated sediment of Greenleaf Lake, Algonquin Park, Ontario. Can. J. Bot. 56: 10–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cwynar, L. C., 1987. Fire and the forest history of the north Cascade Range. Ecol. 68: 791–802.

    Google Scholar 

  • Earle, C. J., L. B. Brubaker & P. M. Anderson, 1996. Charcoal in northcentral Alaskan lake sediments: relationships to fire and late-Quaternary vegetation history. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 92: 83–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, J. J. & C. Whitlock, 2001. Charcoal accumulation following a recent fire in the Cascade Range, northwestern USA, and its relevance for fire-history studies. The Holocene. 11: 541–549.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gedye, S. J., R. T. Jones, W. Tinner, B. Ammann & F. Oldfield, 2000. The use of mineral magnetism in the reconstruction of fire history: a case study from Lago di Origlio, Swiss Alps. Palaeogeog., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol. 164: 101–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, D. G., 1981. Time series and postglacial forest ecology. Quat. Res. 15: 265–277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Green, D. G., 1983. The ecological interpretation of fine resolution pollen records. New Phytol. 94: 459–477.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hallett, D. J. & R. C. Walker, 2000. Paleoecology and its application to fire and vegetation management in Kootenay National Park, British Colombia. J. Paleolimnology 24: 401–414.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hilton, J., 1985. A conceptual framework for predicting the occurrence of sediment focusing and sediment redistribution in small lakes. Limnol. Oceanogr. 30: 1131–1143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horn, S. P., 1993. Postglacial vegetation and fire history in the Chirripa Paramo of Costa Rica. Quat. Res. 40: 107–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horn, S. P., R. D. Horn & R. Byrne, 1992. An automated charcoal scanner for paleoecological studies. Palynology. 16: 7–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iversen, J., 1941. Land occupation in Denmark’s Stone Age. Danmarks Geologiske Forenhandlungen II 66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, E. A. & S. L. Gutsell, 1994. Fire frequency models, methods and interpretations. Adv. Ecol. Res. 25: 239–287.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kipfmueller, K. F. & W. L. Baker, 1998. A comparison of three techniques to date stand-replacing fires in lodgepole pine forests. Forest Ecol. & Manage. 104: 171–177.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laird, L. D. & I. D. Campbell, 2000. High resolution palaeofire signals from Christina lake, Alberta: a comparison of the charcoal signals extracted by two different methods. Palaeogeog., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol. 164: 111–123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Larsen, C. P. S., 1996. Fire and climate dynamics in the boreal forest of northern Alberta. Canada, from AD 1850 to 1989. The Holocene 6: 449–456.

    Google Scholar 

  • Larsen, C. P. S. & G. M. MacDonald, 1998a. An 840-year record of fire and vegetation in a boreal white spruce forest. Ecology 79: 106–118.

    Google Scholar 

  • Larsen, C. P. S. & G. M. MacDonald, 1998b. Fire and vegetation dynamics in a jack pine and black spruce forest reconstructed using fossil pollen and charcoal. J. Ecol. 86: 815–828.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Long, C. J., C. Whitlock, P. J. Bartlein & S. H. Millspaugh, 1998. A 9000-year fire history from the Oregon Coast Range, based on a high-resolution charcoal study. Can. J. For. Res. 28: 774–787.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacDonald, G. M., 1989. Postglacial palaeoecology of the subalpine forest-grassland ecotone of southwestern Alberta: new insights on vegetation and climate change in the Canadian Rocky Mountains and adjacent foothills. Palaeogeog., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol. 73: 155–173.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacDonald, G. M., C. P. S. Larsen, J. M. Szeicz & K. A. Moser, 1991. The reconstruction of boreal forest fire history from lake sediments: a comparison of charcoal, pollen, sedimentological, and geochemical indices. Quat. Sci. Rev. 10: 53–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mehringer, P. J., S. F. Arno & K. L. Petersen, 1977. Postglacial history of Lost Trail Pass Bog, Bitterroot Mountains, Montana. Arct. Alp. Res. 9: 345–368.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, G. A., S. G. Wells & A. J. T. Jull, 1995. Fire and alluvial chronology in Yellowstone National Park: climatic and intrinsic controls on Holocene geomorphic processes. Geol. Soc Amer. Bull. 107: 1211–1230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Millspaugh, S. H., 1997. Late-glacial and Holocene variations in fire frequency in the Central Plateau and Yellowstone-Lamar Provinces of Yellowstone National Park. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR.

    Google Scholar 

  • Millspaugh, S. H. & C. Whitlock, 1995. A 750-year fire history based on lake sediment records in central Yellowstone National Park. USA. The Holocene 5: 283–292.

    Google Scholar 

  • Millspaugh, S. H., C. Whitlock & P. J. Bartlein, 2000. Variations in fire frequency and climate over the last 17,000 years in central Yellowstone National Park. Geology 28: 211–214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mohr, J. A., C. Whitlock & C. J. Skinner, 2000. Postglacial vegetation and fire history, eastern Klamath Mountains. California. The Holocene 10: 587–601.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morris, S. E. & T. A. Moses, 1987. Forest fire and the natural soil erosion regime in the Colorado Front Range. Ann. Assoc. Amer. Geog. 77: 245–254.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ohlson, M. & E. Tryterud, 2000. Interpretation of the charcoal record in forest soils: forest fires and their production and deposition of macroscopic charcoal. The Holocene 10: 519–525.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, W. A. III & A. E. Backman, 1988. Fire and disease history of forests. In Huntley, B. & T. Webb III (eds.) Vegetation History. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, p. 603–632.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, W. A., III, K. J. Edwards & D. J. MacGuire, 1987. Microscopic charcoal as a fossil indicator of fire. Quat. Sci. Rev. 6: 3–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pearl, C. A., 1999. A Holocene environmental history of the Willamette Valley, Oregon: insights from an 11,000-year-record from Beaver lake. M.S. thesis, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pitkänen, A. & P. Huttunen. 1999. A 1300-year forest-fire history at a site in eastern Finland based on charcoal and pollen records in laminated lake sediment. The Holocene 9: 311–320.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pyne, S. J., P. L. Andrews & R. D. Laven, 1996. Introduction to Wildland Fire. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 769 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Radtke, L. F., D. A. Hegg, P. V. Hobbs, J. D. Nance, J. H. Lyons, K. K. Laursen, R. E. Weiss, P. J. Riggan & D. E. Ward, 1991. Particulate and trace gass emissions from large biomass fires in North America. In Levine, J. S. (ed.) Global Biomass Burning: Atmospheric, Climatic, and Biospheric Implications. MIT Press, Cambridge (MA): 209–224.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes, T. E. & R. B. Davis, 1995. Effects of late Holocene forest disturbance and vegetation change on acidic Mud Pond. Maine, USA. Ecology 76: 734–746.

    Google Scholar 

  • Romme, W. H., 1980. Fire history terminology: report of the ad hoc committee. In: Proceedings of the Fire History Workshop. Tucson, Arizona, p. 135–137. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sander, P. M. & C. T. Gee, 1990. Fossil charcoal: techniques and applications. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 63: 269–279.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarmaja-Korjonen, K., 1998. Latitudinal differences in the influx of microscopic charred particles to lake sediments in Finland. The Holocene 8: 589–597.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stockmarr, J., 1971. Tablets with spores used in absolute pollen analysis. Pollen Spores 13: 615–621.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stuiver, M., P. J. Reimer, E. Bard, J. W. Beck, G. S. Burr, K. A. Hughen, B. Kramer, G. McCormac, J. Van der Plicht & M. Spurk, 1998. INTCAL 89 radiocarbon age calibration, 24,000-0 cal B.P. Radiocarbon 40: 1041–1083.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sugita, S., 1994. Pollen representation of vegetation in Quaternary sediments: I. Theory and methods in patchy vegetation. J. Ecol. 82: 881–897.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sugita, S., G. M. MacDonald & C. P. S. Larsen, 1997. Reconstruction of fire disturbance and forest succession from fossil pollen in lake sediments: potential and limitations. In Clark, J. S., H. Cachier, J. G. Goldammer & B. Stocks (eds.) Sediment Records of Biomass Burning and Global Change. NATO ASI Series 1: Global Environmental Change, vol. 51, Springer (Berlin): 387–412.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swain, A. M., 1973. A history of fire and vegetation in northeastern Minnesota as recorded in lake sediments. Quat. Res. 3: 383–396.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swain, A. M., 1978. Environmental changes during the past 2000 yr in north-central Wisconsin: analysis of pollen, charcoal and seeds from varved lake sediments. Quat. Res. 10: 55–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swanson, F. J., 1981. Fire and geomorphic processes. In Mooney, H. A., T. M. Bonnicksen, N. L. Christensen, J. E. Lotan & W. A. Reiners (eds.) Proceedings, Fire Regimes and Ecosystem Properties. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-28: 401–420.

    Google Scholar 

  • Szeicz, J. M. & G. M. MacDonald, 1991. Postglacial vegetation of oak savanna in southern Ontario. Can. J. Bot. 93: 1507–1519.

    Google Scholar 

  • Terasmae, J. & N. C. Weeks, 1979. Natural fires as an index of paleoclimate. Can. Field Naturalist 93: 116–125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, R. & F. Oldfield, 1986. Environmental Magnetism. Allen and Unwin Ltd., London, England, 227 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tinner, W., M. Conedera, B. Ammann, H. W. Gaggeler, S. Gedye, R. Jones & B. Sagesser, 1998. Pollen and charcoal in lake sediments compared with historically documented forest fires in southern Switzerland since AD 1920. The Holocene 8: 31–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tinner, W., P. Hubschmid, M. Wehrli, B. Ammann & M. Conedera, 1999. Long-term forest fire ecology and dynamics in southern Switzerland. J. Ecol. 87: 273–289.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tolonen, M., 1978. Palaeoecology of annually laminated sediments in Lake Ahvenainen, S. Finland. I. Pollen and charcoal analyses and their relation to human impact. Ann. Bot. Fenn. 15: 177–208

    Google Scholar 

  • Tolonen, K., 1986. Charred particle analysis. In Berglund, B. E. (ed.) Handbook of Holocene Palaeoecology and Palaeohydrology. John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., New York: 485–496.

    Google Scholar 

  • Umbanhowar, C. E., Jr., 1996. Recent fire history of the northern Great Plains. Amer. Midl. Nat. 135: 115–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Umbanhowar, C. E., Jr. & M. J. McGrath, 1998. Experimental production and analysis of microscopic charcoal from wood, leaves, and grasses. The Holocene 8: 341–346.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Wagner, C. E., 1978. Age-class distribution and the forest fire cycle. Can. J. For. Res. 8: 220–227.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaughan, A. & G. Nichols, 1995. Controls on the deposition of charcoal: implications for sedimentary accumulations of fusain. J. Sed. Res. A65: 129–135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waddington, J. C. B., 1969. A stratigraphic record of the pollen influx to a lake in the Big Woods of Minnesota. Geol. Soc. Amer., Spec. Pap. 123: 263–283.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward, D. E. & C. C. Hardy, 1991. Smoke emissions from wildland fires. Env. Intl 17: 117–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitlock, C. & R. S. Anderson, in press. Fire history reconstructions based on sediment records from lakes and wetlands. In Veblen, T. T., W. L. Baker, G. Montenegro & T. W. Swetnam (eds.) Fire and Climate Change in the Americas. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitlock, C. & S. H. Millspaugh, 1996. Testing assumptions of fire history studies: an examination of modern charcoal accumulation in Yellowstone National Park. The Holocene 6: 7–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winkler, M. G., 1985. Charcoal analysis for paleoenvironmental interpretation: a chemical assay. Quat. Res. 23: 313–326.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Whitlock, C., Larsen, C. (2002). Charcoal as a Fire Proxy. In: Smol, J.P., Birks, H.J.B., Last, W.M., Bradley, R.S., Alverson, K. (eds) Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments. Developments in Paleoenvironmental Research, vol 3. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47668-1_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47668-1_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-0681-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-306-47668-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics