Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Structure, Dynamics, and Energy Conversion Efficiency in Photosystem II

  • Chapter
Oxygenic Photosynthesis: The Light Reactions

Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration ((AIPH,volume 4))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aasa R, Andréasson L-E, Styring S and VënngÃ¥rd T (1989) The nature of the Fe(III) EPR signal from the acceptor-side iron in photosystem II. FEBS Lett 243: 156–160

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Allen JP, Feher G, Yeates TO, Komiya H and Rees DC (1988) Structure of the reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides R-26: Protein-cofactor (quinones and Fe2+) interactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 8487–8491

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Araga C, Akabori K, Sasaki J, Maeda A, Shiina T and Toyoshima Y (1993) Functional reconstitution of the primary quinone neceptor, QA, in the Photosystem II core complexes. Biochim Biophys Acta 1142: 36–42

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atashkin AV and Kawamori A, Kodera Y, Kuroiwa S and Akabori K (1995) An electron spin echo envelope modulation study of the primary acceptor quinone in Zn-substituted plant photosystem II. J Chem Phys 102: 5583–5588

    Google Scholar 

  • Ausländer W and Junge W (1974) The electric generator in the photosynthesis of green plants: II. Kinetic correlation between protolytic reactions and redox reactions. Biochim Biophys Acta 357: 285–298

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Babcock GT (1993) Proteins, radicals, isotopes, and mutants in photosynthetic oxygen evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 10893–10895

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Babcock GT and Sauer K (1973) Electron paramagnetic resonance signal in spinach chloroplasts. I. Kinetic analysis for untreated chloroplasts. Biochim Biophys Acta 325: 483–503

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Babcock GT, Blankenship RE and Sauer K (1976) Reaction kinetics for positive charge accumulation on the water side of chloroplast Photosystem II. FEBS Lett 61: 286–289

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Babcock GT, Barry BA, Debus RJ, Hoganson CW, Atamian M, Mclntosh L, Sithole I and Yocum CF (1989) Water oxidation in Photosystem II: From radical chemistry to multielectron chemistry. Biochem 28: 9557–9565

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barry B (1993) The role of redox active amino acids in the photosynthetic water-oxidizing complex. Photochem Photobiol 57: 179–188

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barry BA and Babcock GT (1987) Tyrosine radicals are involved in the photosynthetic oxygen-evolving system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 7099–7103

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barry BA, El-Deeb MK, Sandusky PO and Babcock GT (1990) Tyrosine radicals in Photosystem II and related model compounds. J Biol Chem 265: 20139–20143

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baumgarten M, Philo JS and Dismukes GC (1990) Mechanism of photoinhibition of photosynthetic water oxidation by Cl− depletion and F− substitution: Oxidation of a protein residue. Biochem 29: 10814–10822

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernard MT, MacDonald GM, Nguyen AP, Debus RJ and Barry BA (1995) A difference infrared study of hydrogen bonding to the Z• tyrosyl radical of Photosystem II. J Biol Chem 270: 1589–1594

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berthold DA, Babcock GT and Yocum CF (1981) A highly resolved, oxygen-evolving Photosystem II preparation from spinach thylakoid membranes. FEBS Lett 134: 231–234

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berthomieu C and Boussac A (1995) Histidine oxidation in the S2 to S3 transition probed by FTIR difference spectroscopy in the Ca2+-depleted Photosystem II: Comparison with histidine radicals generated by UV irradiation. Biochem 34: 1541–1548

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blubaugh D and Govindjee (1988) The molecular mechanism of the bicarbonate effect at the plastoquinone reductase site of photosynthesis. Photosynth Res 19: 85–128

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bocarsly JR and Brudvig GW (1992) Turnover control of Photosystem II: Use of redox-active herbicides to form the S3 state. J Am Chem Soc 114: 9762–9767

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bock CH, Gerken, Stehlik D and Witt HT (1988) Time resolved EPR on Photosystem II particles after irreversible and reversible inhibition of water cleavage with high concentrations of acetate. FEBS Lett 227: 141–146

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boerner RJ and Barry BA (1993) Isotopic labeling and EPR spectroscopy show that a tyrosine residue is the terminal electron donor, Z, in manganese-depleted Photosystem II preparations. J Biol Chem 268: 17151–17154

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boerner RJ and Barry BA (1994) EPR evidence that the M+ radical, which is observed in three site-directed mutants of Photosystem II, is a tyrosine radical. J Biol Chem 269: 134–137

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boerner RJ, Nguyen AP, Barry BA and Debus RJ (1992) Evidence from directed mutagenesis that the aspartate 170 of the Dl polypeptide influences the assembly and/or stability of the manganese cluster in the photosynthetic water-splitting complex. Biochem 31: 6660–6672

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boerner RJ, Bixby KA, Nguyen AP, Noren GH, Debus RJ and Barry BA (1993) Removal of stable tyrosine radical D+ affects the structure of redox properties of tyrosine Z in manganese-depleted Photosystem II particles from Synechocystis 6803. J Biol Chem 268: 1817–1823

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Booth PJ, Crystall B, Ahmad I, Barber J, Porter G and Klug DR (1991) Observation of multiple radical pair states in Photosystem 2 reaction centers. Biochem 30: 7573–7586.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bosch MK, Evelo RG, Styring S, Rutherford AW and Hoff AJ (1991) ESE relaxation measurements in Photosystem II. The influence of the reaction center non-heme iron on the spinlattice relaxation of Tyr D. FEBS Lett 292: 279–283

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boska M, Sauer K, Buttner W and Babcock GT (1983) Similarity of EPR Signal IIf rise and P680+ decay kinetics in Tris-washed chloroplasts Photosystem II preparations as a function of pH, Biochim Biophys Acta 722: 327–330

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bouges-Bocquet B (1980) Kinetic models for the electron donors of Photosystem II of photosynthesis. Biochim Biophys Acta 594: 85–103

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boussac A and Etienne A-L (1984) Midpoint potential of Signal II (slow) in Tris-washed Photosystem-II particles. Biochim Biophys Acta 766: 576–581

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boussac A and Rutherford AW (1994) Electron transferevents in chloride-depleted Photosystem II. J Biol Chem 269: 12462–12467

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boussac A and Rutherford AW (1995) Does the formation of the S3-state in Ca2+-depleted Photosystem II correspond to an oxidation of Tyrosine Z detectable by cw-EPR at room temperature? Biochim Biophys Acta 1230: 195–201

    Google Scholar 

  • Boussac A, Zimmermann J-L and Rutherford AW (1989) EPR signals from modified charge accumulation states of the oxygen evolving enzyme in Ca2+-deficient Photosystem II. Biochem 28: 8984–8989

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boussac A, Zimmermann J-L, Rutherford AW and Lavergne J (1990) Histidine oxidation in the oxygen-evolving Photosystem-II enzyme. Nature 347: 303–306

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boussac A, Sétif P and Rutherford AW (1992) Inhibition of Tyrosine Z photooxidation after formation of the S3 state in Ca2+-depleted and Cl−-depleted Photosystem II. Biochem 31: 1224–1234

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bowes JM, Crofts AR and Itoh S (1979) A high potential acceptor for Photosystem II. Biochim Biophys Acta 547: 327–335

    Google Scholar 

  • Boxer SG (1993) Photosynthetic reaction center spectroscopy and electron transfer dynamics in applied electric fields. In: Deisenhofer J and Norris JR (eds) The Photosynthetic Reaction Center, Vol. II, pp 179–220. Academic Press, San Diego

    Google Scholar 

  • Braun P, Greenberg BM and Scherz A (1990) D1–D2-cytochrome b-559 complex from the aquatic plant Spirodela oligorrhiza: Correlation between complex integrity, spectroscopic properties, photochemical activity, and pigment composition. Biochem 29: 10376–10387

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Breton J (1990) Orientation of the pheophytin primary electron acceptor and of the cytochrome b-559 in the D1–D2 Photosystem II reaction center. In: Jortner J and Pullman B (eds) Perspectives in Photosynthesis, pp 23–28. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht

    Google Scholar 

  • Brettel K, Schlodder E and Witt HT (1984) Nanosecond reduction kinetics of photooxidized chloroiphyll-aII (P-680) in single flashes as a probe for the electron pathway, H+-release and charge accumulation in the O2-evolving complex. Biochim Biophys Acta 766: 403–415

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brok M, Ebskamp FCR and Hoff AJ (1985) The structure of the secondary donor of Photosystem II investigated by EPR at 9 and 35 GHz. Biochim Biophys Acta 809: 421–428

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buser CA, Thompson LK, Diner BA and Brudvig GW (1990) Electron-transfer reactions in manganese-depleted Photosystem II. Biochem 29: 8977–8985

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buser CA, Diner BA and Brudvig GW (1992) Photooxidation of cytochrome b-559 in oxygen-evolving Photosystem II. Biochem 31: 11449–11459

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Butler WL, Visser JWM and Simons HL (1973) The kinetics of light-induced changes of C-550, cytochrome b-559 and fluorescence yield in chloroplasts at low temperature. Biochim Biophys Acta 292: 140–151

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cao J, Vermaas WFJ and Govindjee (1991) Arginine residues in the D2 polypeptide may stabilize bicarbonate binding in photosystem II of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Biochim Biophys Acta 1059: 171–180

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carbonera D, Giacometti G and Agostini G (1994) A well resolved ODMR triplet minus singlet spectrum of P680 from PS II particles. FEBS Lett 343: 200–204

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chang HC, Jankowiak R, Reddy NRS, Yocum CF, Picorel R, Seibert M and Small, GJ (1994) On the question of the chlorophyll a content of the Photosystem II reaction center. J Phys Chem 98: 7725–7735

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chu H-A, Nguyen AP and Debus RJ (1995) Amino acid residues that influence the binding of manganese or calcium to Photosystem II. 1. The lumenal inter-helical domains of the D1 polypeptide. Biochem 34: 5839–5858

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Conjeaud H and Mathis P (1980) The effect of pH on the reduction kinetics ofP-680 in Tris-treated chloroplasts. Biochim Biophys Acta 590: 353–359

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Corrie AR, Nugent JHA and Evans MCW (1991) Identification of EPR signals from the states QA.−QB − and QB − in Photosystem II from Phormidium laminosum. Biochim Biophys Acta 1057: 384–390

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Danielius RV, Satoh K, van Kan PJM, Plijter JJ, Nuijs AN and van Gorkom HJ (1987) The primary reaction of Photosystem II in D1–D2-cytochrome b-559 complex. FEBS Lett 213:241–244

    Google Scholar 

  • de Vitry C, Carles C and Diner BA (1986) Quantitation of plastoquinone-9 in Photosystem II reaction center particles. FEBS Lett 196: 203–206

    Google Scholar 

  • Deak, Z, Vass, I and Styring, S (1994) Redox interaction of Tyrosine-D with the S-states for the water-oxidizing complex in intact and chloride-depleted Photosystem II. Biochim Biophys Acta 1185: 65–74

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Debus RJ (1992) The manganese and calcium ions of photosynthetic oxygen evolution. Biochim Biophys Acta 1102: 269–352

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Debus RJ, Barry BA, Babcock GT and McIntosh L (1988a) Sitedirected mutagenesis identifies a tyrosine radical involved in the photosynthetic oxygen-evolving system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 427–430

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Debus RJ, Barry BA, Sithole I, Babcock GT and McIntosh L (1988b) Directed mutagenesis indicates that the donor to P680+ in Photosystem II is Tyrosine-161 ofthe Dl polypeptide. Biochem 27: 9071–9074

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deisenhofer J and Norris JR (1993) The Photosynthetic Reaction Center. Structure, Spectroscopy and Photochemistry, Vols I and II. Academic Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Deisenhofer J, Epp O, Miki K, Huber R and Michel H (1984) X-ray structure analysis of a membrane protein complex: Electron density map at 3 Ã… resolution and a model of the chromophores of the photosynthetic reaction center from Rhodopseudomonas viridis. J Mol Biol 180: 385–398

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dekker JP, Plijter JJ, Ouwehand L and van Gorkom HJ (1984a) Kinetics of manganese redox transitions in the oxygen-evolving apparatus of photosynthesis. Biochim Biophys Acta 767:176–179

    Google Scholar 

  • Dekker JP, van Gorkom HJ, Brok M and Ouwehand L (1984b) Optical characterization of Photosystem II electron donors. Biochim Biophys Acta 764: 301–309

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dekker JP, Bowlby NR and Yocum CF (1989) Chlorophyll and cytochrome b-559 content of the photochemical reaction center of photosystem II, FEBS Lett 254: 150–154

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deligiannakis Y, Tsekos N, Petrouleas V and Diner BA (1992) Orientation dependence of the Fe2+-NO and Fe3+ EPR signal associated with the non-heme iron of Photosystem II. Biochim Biophys Acta 1140: 163–168

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deligiannakis Y, Petrouleas V and Diner BA (1994) Binding of carboxylate anions at the non-heme Fe(II) of PS II. I. Effects on the QA −Fe2+ and QAFe3+ EPR spectra and the redox properties of the iron. Biochim Biophys Acta 1188: 260–270

    Google Scholar 

  • Delosme R (1971) New results about chlorophyll fluorescence ‘in vivo’. In: Forti G (ed.) Proceedings IInd International Congress on Photosynthesis. pp 187–195, Dr. W. Junk, Den Haag

    Google Scholar 

  • Diner BA (1986) The reaction center of Photosystem II. In: Staehelin LA and Arntzen CJ (eds.) Photosynthesis III: Photosynthetic Membranes and Light-harvesting Systems. pp 422–436. Springer-Verlag, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Diner BA and de Vitry (1984) Optical spectrum and kinetics of the secondary electron donor, Z, of Photosystem II. In: Sybesma C (ed.) Advances in Photosynthesis Research, Vol I, pp 407–411. Martinus Nijhiff/Dr. W. Junk, The Haag

    Google Scholar 

  • Diner BA and Nixon PJ (1992) The rate of reduction of oxidized redox active-tyrosine, Z+, by exogenous M2+ is slowed in a site-directed mutant, at aspartate 170 of polypeptide Dl of Photosystem II, inactive for photosynthetic oxygen evolution. Biochim Biophys Acta 1101: 134–138

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Diner BA and Petrouleas V (1987a) Q400, the non-heme iron of the Photosystem II iron-quinone complex. A spectroscopic probe of quinone and inhibitor binding to the reaction center. Biochim Biophys Acta 895: 107–125

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Diner BA and Petrouleas V (1987b) Light-induced oxidation of the acceptor-side Fe(II) of Photosystem II by exogenous quinones acting through the QB binding site. II. Blockage by inhibitors and their effects on the Fe(III) EPR spectra. Biochim Biophys Acta 893: 138–148

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Diner BA and Petrouleas V (1990) Formation by NO of nitrosyl adducts of redox components of the Photosystem II reaction center. II. Evidence that HCO3 −/CO2 binds to the acceptorside non-heme iron. Biochim Biophys Acta 1015: 141–149

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Diner BA, de Vitry C. and Popot J-L (1988) Quinone exchange in the QA binding site of Photosystem II reaction center core preparations isolated from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biochim Biophys Acta 934: 47–54

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Diner BA, Nixon PJ and Farchaus JW (199la) Site-directed mutagenesis of photosynthetic reaction centers. Curr Op Struct Biol l: 546–554

    Google Scholar 

  • Diner BA, Petrouleas V and Wendoloski JJ (1991b) The ironquinone electron-acceptor complex of photosystem II. Physiol Plant 81: 423–436

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Diner BA, Tang X-S, Zheng M, Dismukes GC, Force DA, Randall DW and Britt RD (1995) Environment and Function of the redox active tyrosines of Photosystem II. In: Mathis P (ed) Photosynthesis: From Light to Biosphere, Vol II, pp 229–234. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht

    Google Scholar 

  • Dixon WT and Murphy D (1976) Determination of the acidity constants of some phenol radical cations by means of Electron Spin Resonance. J Chem Soc, Faraday Trans II 72:1221–1230

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Durrant JR, Giorgi IB, Barber J, Klug DR and Porter G (1990) Characterisation of triplet states in isolated photosystem II reaction centres: Oxygen quenching as a mechanism for photodamage. Biochim Biophys Acta 1017: 167–175

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Durrant JR, Hastings G, Hong Q, Barber J, Porter G and Klug DR (1992a) Determination of P680 singlet state lifetimes in photosy stem two reaction centres. Chem Phys Lett 188: 54–60

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Durrant JR, Hastings G, Joseph DM, Barber J, Porter G and Klug DR (1992b) Subpicosecond equilibration of excitation energy in isolated Photosystem II reaction centers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 11632–11636

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Durrant JR, Hastings G, Joseph DM, Barber J, Porter G and Klug DR (1993) Rate of oxidation of P680 in isolated Photosystem 2 reaction centers monitored by loss of chlorophyll stimulated emission. Biochem 32: 8259–8267

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Durrant JR, Klug, DR, Kwa SLS, van Grondelle, R, Porter, G and Dekker, JP (1995) A multimer model for P680, the primary electron donor of photosystem II. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 4798–4802

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dutton PL, Prince RC and Tiede DM (1978) The reaction center of photosynthetic bacteria. Photochem Photobiol 28: 939–949

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eaton-Rye J and Govindjee (1988) Electron transfer through the quinone acceptor complex of Photosystem II after one or two actinic flashes in bicarbonate-depleted spinach thylakoid membranes. Biochim Biophys Acta 934: 47–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Eijckelhoff, C and Dekker JP (1995) Determination of the pigment stoichiometry of the photochemical reaction center of Photosystem II. Biochim Biophys Acta 1231: 21–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Erickson JM and Rochaix J-D (1992) The molecular biology of photosystem II. In: Barber J (ed) The Photosystems: Structure, Function and Molecular Biology, Topics in Photosynthesis, Vol 11, pp 101–177, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans MCW, Atkinson YE and Ford RC (1985) Redox characterisation of the Photosystem II electron acceptors. Evidence for two electron carriers between pheophytin and Q. Biochim Biophys Acta 806: 247–254

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evelo RG, Dikanov SA and Hoff AJ (1989a) Electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) studies of the tyrosyl radical D• of plant Photosystem II. Chem Phys Lett 157: 25–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evelo RG, Hoff AJ, Dikanov SA and Tyryshkin AM (1989b) An ESEEM study of the oxidized electron donor of plant Photosystem II: Evidence that D∂ is a neutral tyrosine radical. Chem Phys Lett 161: 479–484

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evelo RG, Styring S, Rutherford AW and Hoff AJ (1989c) EPR relaxation measurements of Photosystem II reaction centers: Influence of S-state oxidation and temperature. Biochim Biophys Acta 973: 428–442

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feher G and Okamura MY (1978) Chemical composition and properties of reaction centers. In Clayton R (ed.) The Photosynthetic Bacteria pp 349–386, Plenum, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Feher G, Isaacson RA, Okamura MY and Lubitz W (1986) ENDOR of semiquinones in RC’s from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. In: Michel-Beyerle M (ed) Springer Series in Chemical Physics Vol 42 pp 174–189, Springer-Verlag, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Force DA, Randall DW, Britt RD, Tang X-S and Diner BA (1995) 2H ESE-ENDOR study of hydrogen bonding to the tyrosine radicals YD• and YZ• of Photosystem II. J Am Chem Soc 7: 12643–12644

    Google Scholar 

  • Fowler CF and Kok B (1974) Proton evolution associated with the photooxidation ofwater in photosynthesis. Biochim Biophys Acta 357: 299–307

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freiberg A, Timpmann K, Moskalenko AA and Kuznetsova NY (1994) Pico-and nanosecond fluorescence kinetics of Photosystem II reaction centre and its complex with CP47 antenna. Biochim Biophys Acta 1184: 45–53

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gerken S, Brettel K, Schlodder E and Witt HT (1988) Optical characterization of the immediate electron donor to chlorophyll in a II + in O2-evolving photosystem II complexes. Tyrosine as possible electron carrier between chlorophyll aII and the wateroxidizing manganese cluster. FEBS Lett 237: 69–75

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghanotakis DF and Yocum CF (1990) Photosystem II and oxygen-evolving complex. Ann Rev Plant Physiol 41: 255–276

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghanotakis DF, de Paula JC, Demetriou DM, Bowlby NR, Petersen J, Babcock GT and Yocum CF (1989) Isolation and characterization of the 47 kDa protein and the D1-D2-cytochrome b-559 complex. Biochim Biophys Acta 974: 44–53

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gilchrist ML, Ball JA, Randall DW and Britt RD (1995) Proximity of the manganese cluster of Photosystem II to the redox active tyrosine Y7. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 9545–9549

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gulin VI, Dikanov SA, Tsvetko YU, Evelo RG and Hoff A (1992) Very high frequency (135 GHz) EPR of the oxidized primary donor of the photosynthetic bacteria Rb. sphaeroides R-26 and Rps. viridis and of YD• (signal II) of plant Photosystem II. J Pur Appl Chem 64, 903–906

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gunner MR, Robertson DE and Dutton PL (1986) Kinetic studies on the reaction center protein from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides: The temperature and free energy dependence of electron transfer between various quinones in the QA site and the oxidized bacteriochlorophyll dimer. J Phys Chem 90: 3783–3795

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hallahan BJ, Nugent JHA, Warden JT and Evans MCW (1992) Investigation of the origin of the’ s3’EPR signal from the oxygen-evolving complex of Photosystem 2: The role of Tyrosine Z. Biochem 31: 4562–4573

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hastings G, Durrant JR, Barber J, Porter G and Klug DR (1992) Observation of pheophytin reduction in Photosystem Two reaction centers using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Biochem 31: 7638–7647

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haumann M, Bögershausen O and Junge W (1994) Photosynthetic oxygen evolution: Net charge transients as inferred from electrochromic bandshifts are independent of proton release into the medium. FEBS Lett 355: 101–105

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirsh DJ and Brudvig GW (1993) Long-range electron spin-spin interactions in the bacterial photosynthetic reaction center. J Phys Chem 97: 13216–13222

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoganson CW and Babcock GT (1988) Electron-transfer events near the reaction center in O2-evolving Photosystem II preparations. Biochem 27: 5848–5855

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoganson CW and Babcock GT (1989) Redox cofactor interactions in Photosystem II: Electron spin resonance spectrum of P680+ is broadened in the presence of YZ +. Biochem 28: 1448–1454

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoganson CW and Babcock GT (1992) Protein-tyrosyl radical interactions in Photosystem II studied by Electron Spin Resonance and Electron Nuclear Double Resonance Spectroscopy: Comparison with ribonucleotide reductase and in vitro tyrosine. Biochem 31: 11874–11880

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoganson CW and Babcock GT (1994) Photosystem II. In: Sigel H and Sigel A (eds), Metal Ions in Biological Systems, Vol. 30, ‘Metalloenzymes involving amino acid-residues and related radicals’. Marcel Dekker, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoganson CW, Lydakis-Simantiris N, Tang X-S, Tommos C, Warncke K, Babcock GT, Diner BA McCracken J, Styring S (1995) A hydrogen-atom abstraction model for the function of YZ in photosynthetic oxygen evolution. Photosynth Res 46: 177–184

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holzwarth, A. R. (1989) Applications of ultrafast laser spectroscopy for the study of biological systems. Q Rev Biophys 22: 239–326

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holzwarth, A. R., Muller, M. G., Gatzen, G., Hucke, M., Griebenow, K., (1994) Ultrafast spectroscopy of the primary electron and energy transfer processes in the reaction center of photosystem II. J Lumin 60–61: 497–502

    Google Scholar 

  • Horton P and Croze E (1979) Characterization of two quenchers of chlorophyll fluorescence with different midpoint oxidation-reduction potentials in chloroplasts. Biochim Biophys Acta 545: 188–201

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ikegami I and Katoh S (1973) Studies on chlorophyll fluorescence in chloroplasts II. Effect of ferricyanide on the induction of fluorescence in the presence of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-l,l-dimethylurea. Plant Cell Physiol 14: 829–836

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Innes JB and Brudvig GW (1989) Location and magnetic properties of the stable tyrosine radical in Photosystem II. Biochem 28: 1116–1125

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Isied SS (1991) Electron transfer reactions in metalloproteins. In: Sigel H and Sigel A (eds.) Metal Ions in Biological Systems, Vol. 27 pp 1–56, Marcel Dekker, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Isogai Y, Itoh S and Nishimura M (1990) Location of D+ and distribution of surface charges in Photosystem II. Biochim Biophys Acta 1017: 204–208

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Itoh S, Tang X-S and Satoh K (1986) Interaction of the high spin Fe atom in the Photosystem II reaction center with the quinones, QA and QB in purified oxygen-evolving PS II reaction center complex and in PS II particles. FEBS Lett 205: 275–281

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jankowiak R and Small GJ (1993) Spectral hole burning: A window on excited state electronic structure, heterogeneity, electron-phonon coupling, and transport dynamics of photosynthetic units. In: Deisenhofer J and Norris JR (eds) The Photosynthetic Reaction Center, Vol. II, pp 133–177. Academic Press, San Diego

    Google Scholar 

  • Jankowiak R, Tang D, Small GJ and Seibert M (1989) Transient and persistent hole burning of the reaction center of Photosystem II. J Phys Chem 93: 1649–1654

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joliot A and Joliot P (1964) Etude cinétique de la réaction photochimique libérant ľoxygéne au cours de la photosynthese. C R Acad Sc Paris 258: 4622–4625

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klimov VV and Krasnovskii AA (1981) Pheophytin as the primary electron acceptor in Photosystem 2 reaction centers. Photosynthetica 15: 592–609

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klimov VV, Dolan E, Shaw ER and Ke B (1980) Interaction between the intermediary electron acceptor (pheophytin) tand a possible plastoquinone-iron complex in photosystem II reaction centers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77: 7227–7231

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klug DR, Rech T, Joseph M, Barber J, Durrant JR and Porter G (1995) Primary processes in isolated Photosystem II reaction centres probed by magic angle transient absorption spectroscopy. Chem Phys 194: 433–442

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knaff DB (1975) The effect of pH on the midpoint oxidation-reduction potentials of components associated with plant Photosystem II. FEBS Lett 60: 331–335

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kodera Y, Takura K and Kawamori A (1992a) Distance of P680 from the manganese complex in Photosystem II studied by time resolved EPR. Biochim Biophys Acta 1101: 23–32

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kodera Y, Takura K, Mino H and Kawamori A (1992b) Pulsed EPR study of tyrosine-Z+ in Photosystem II. In: Murata N (ed) Research in Photosynthesis. Vol II, pp 57–60, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht

    Google Scholar 

  • Koike H, Siderer Y, Ono T-A and Inoue Y (1986) Assignment of thermoluminescence to S3QA − charge recombination: Sequential stabilization of S3 and QA − by a two-step illumination at different temperatures. Biochim Biophys Acta 850: 80–89

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koike H, Kashino Y and Satoh K (1993) Interactions of halogenated benzoquinones with the non-heme iron (Q400) in Photosystem II. Z Naturforsch 48c: 168–173

    Google Scholar 

  • Koulougliotis D, Kostopoulos T, Petrouleas V and Diner BA (1993) Evidence for CN binding at the PS II non-heme Fe2+. Effects on the EPR signal for QA −Fe2+ and on QA/QB electron transfer. Biochim Biophys Acta 1141: 275–282

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koulougliotis D, Tang X-S, Diner BA and Brudvig GW (1995) Spectroscopic evidence for the symmetric location of tyrosines D and Z in Photosystem II. Biochem 34: 2850–2856

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kramer DM, Roffey RA, Govindjee and Sayre RT (1994) The AT thermoluminescence band from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the effects of mutagenesis of histidine residues on the donor side of the Photosystem II Dl polypeptide. Biochim Biophys Acta 1185: 228–237

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kwa S LS, Newell WR, van Grondelle R, and Dekker J (1992) The reaction center of Photosystem II studied with polarized fluorescence spectroscopy. Biochim Biophys Acta 1099: 193–202

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kwa S L S, Eijckelhof C, van Grondelle R, and Dekker JP (1994) Site-selection spectroscopy of the reaction center complex of Photosystem II. 2. Identification of the fluorescing species at 4K, J Phys Chem 98: 7712–7716

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lavergne J and Junge W (1993) Proton release during the redox cycle of the water oxidase. Photosynth Res 38: 279–296

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leibl W, Breton J, Deprez J and Trissl H-W (1989) Photoelectric study on the kinetics of trapping and charge stabilization in oriented PS II membranes. Photosynth Res 22: 257–275

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu B, Napiwotzki A, Eckert H-J, Eichler HJ and Renger G (1993) Studies on the recombination kinetics ofthe radical pair P680+Pheo− in isolated PS II core complexes from spinach. Biochim Biophys Acta 1142: 129–138

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lösche M, Satoh K, Feher G, and Okamura MY (1988) Stark effect in PS II RCs from spinach. Biophys J 53: 270a

    Google Scholar 

  • Lubitz W, Isaacson RA, Okamura MY, Abresch EC, Plato M, and Feher G (1989) ENDOR studies of the intermediate electron acceptor radical anion l −• in Photosystem II reaction centers. Biochim Biophys Acta 977: 227–232

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacLachlan DJ and Nugent JHA (1993) Investigation of the S3 electron paramagnetic resonance signal from the oxygen-evolving complex of Photosystem 2: Effect of inhibition of oxygen evolution by acetate. Biochem 32: 9772–9780

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Macmillan F, Gleiter H, Renger G, Lubitz W (1990) EPR/ ENDOR studies ofplastoquinone anion radical in Photosystem II \( (Q_A \bullet ^ - ) \) and in organic solvents. In: Baltscheffsky M (ed) Current Research in Photosynthesis, Vol I, pp 531–534, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht

    Google Scholar 

  • McCauley, S. W., Baronavski, A. P., Rice, J. K., Ghirardi, M. L., and Mattoo, A. K. (1992) A search for subpicosecond absorption components in Photosystem II reaction centers. Chem Phys Lett 198: 437–442

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McTavish H, Picorel R, and Seibert, M (1989) Stabilization of isolated Photosystem II reaction center complex in the dark and in the light using polyethylene glycol and an oxygen-scrubbing system. Plant Physiol 89: 452–456

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Messinger J and Renger G (1993) Generation, oxidation by the oxidized form of the tyrosine of polypeptide D2, and possible electronic configuration of the redox states S0, S-l and S-2 of the water oxidase in isolated spinach thylakoids. Biochem 32: 9379–9386

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Metz JG, Nixon PJ, Rögner M, Brudvig GW and Diner BA (1989) Directed alteration of the Dl polypeptide of PS II: Evidence that Tyrosine-161 is the redox component, Z, connecting the oxygen-evolving complex to the primary electron donor, P680. Biochem 28, 6960–6969

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer B, Schlodder E, Dekker JP and Witt HT (1989) O2 evolution and ChlaII + (P680+) nanosecond reduction kinetics in single flashes as a function of pH. Biochim Biophys Acta 974: 36–43

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Michel H and Deisenhofer J (1988) Relevance of the photosynthetic reaction center from purple bacteria to the structure of Photosystem II. Biochem 27: 1–7

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Michel H, Epp O and Deisenhofer J (1986) Pigment-protein interactions in the photosynthetic reaction centre from Rhodopseudomonas viridis. EMBO J 5: 2445–2451

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mimuro M, Yamazaki I, Itoh S, Tamai N, and Satoh K (1988) Dynamic fluorescence properties of DI-D2-cytochrome b-559 complex isolated from spinach chloroplasts: Analysis by means of the time-resolved fluorescence spectra in picosecond time range. Biochim Biophys Acta 933: 478–486

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mino H and Kawamori A (1994) Microenvironments of tyrosine D+ and tyrosine Z+ in Photosystem II studied by proton matrix ENDOR. Biochim Biophys Acta 1185: 213–220

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mino H, Satoh J-I, Kawamori A, Toriyama K and Zimmermann J-L (1993) Matrix ENDOR of tyrosine D+ in oriented Photosystem II membranes. Biochim Biophys Acta 1144: 426–433

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moënne-Loccoz, P, Robert, B, and Lutz, M (1989) A resonance Raman characterization of the primary electron acceptor in Photosystem II. Biochem 28: 3641–3645

    Google Scholar 

  • Moser CC, Keske JM, Warncke, K, Farid RS and Dutton PL (1992) Nature of biological electron transfer. Nature 355: 796–802

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nabedryk E, Andrianambinintsoa S, Berger G, Leonhard M, Mäntele W, and Breton J (1990) Characterization of bonding interactions of the intermediary electron acceptor in the reaction center of Photosystem II by FTIR spectroscopy. Biochim Biophys Acta 1016: 49–54

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nanba O and Satoh K (1987) Isolation of a Photosystem II reaction center consisting of D-1 and D-2 polypeptides and cytochrome b-559. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 109–112

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nixon PJ (1994) Using site-directed mutagenesis to probe pigment/protein interactions within the photosystem two complex. Abstract BBSRC Second Robert Hill Symposium on Photosynthesis, Imperial College, London 4/11–13/94

    Google Scholar 

  • Nixon PJ and Diner BA (1992) Aspartate 170 of the Photosystem II reaction center polypeptide Dl is involved in the assembly of the oxygen-evolving manganese cluster. Biochem 31: 942–948

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Noguchi T, Inoue Y, and Satoh K (1993) FT-IR studies on the triplet state of P680 in the Photosystem II reaction center: Triplet equilibrium within a chlorophyll dimer. Biochem 32: 7186–7195

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Noren GH and Barry BA (1992) The YF161D1 mutant of Synechocystis 6803 exhibits an EPR signal from a light-induced Photosystem II radical. Biochem 31: 3335–3342

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nugent JHA, Diner BA and Evans MCW (1981) Direct detection of the electron acceptor of Photosystem II. Evidence that Q is an iron-quinone complex. FEES Lett 124: 241–244

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oettmeier W (1992) Herbicides of Photosystem II. In: Barber J (ed.) The Photosystems: Structure, Function and Molecular Biology, pp 349–408, Elsevier, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Ono T-A and Inoue Y (1991) Biochemical evidence for histidine oxidation in photosystem II depleted of the Mn-cluster for O2-evolution. FEBS Lett 278: 183–186

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Otte SCM, van der Vos R, and van Gorkom HJ (1992) Steady state spectroscopy at 6 K of the isolated Photosystem II reaction centre: Analysis of the red absorption band. J Photochem Photobiol B: Biol. 13: 5–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Paddock ML, Rongey SH, Feher G and Okamura MY (1989) Pathway of proton transfer in bacterial reaction centers: Replacement of Glutamic acid 212 in the L subunit by glutamine inhibits quinone (secondary acceptor) turnover. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 6602–6606

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paddock ML, McPherson PH, Feher G and Okamura MY (1990) Pathway of proton transfer in bacterial reaction centers: Replacement of Serine-L223 by alanine inhibits electron and proton transfers associated with reduction of quinone to dihydroquinone. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87: 6803–6807

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petrouleas V and Diner BA (1986) Identification of Q400 a high-potential electron acceptor of Photosystem II with the iron of the quinone-iron acceptor complex. Biochim Biophys Acta 849: 264–275

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petrouleas V and Diner BA (1987) Light-induced oxidation of the acceptor-side Fe(II) of Photosystem II by exogenous quinones acting through the QB binding site. I. Quinones, kinetics and pH-dependence. Biochim Biophys Acta 893: 126–137

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petrouleas V and Diner BA (1990) Formation by NO of nitrosyl adducts of redox components of the Photosystem II reaction center. I. NO binds to the acceptor-side non-heme iron. Biochim Biophys Acta 1015: 131–140

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petrouleas V, Sanakis Y, Deligiannakis Y and Diner BA (1992) The non-heme Fe(II) of PS II: (1) Binding of new carboxylate anions, (2) Study of two Mössbauer components. In Murata A (ed.) Research in Photosynthesis Vol. II, 119–122, Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands

    Google Scholar 

  • Pokorny A, Wulf K and Trissl HW (1994) An electrogenic reaction associated with the re-reduction of P680 by Tyr Z in Photosystem II. Biochim Biophys Acta 1184: 65–70

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prásil O, Adir N and Ohad I (1992) Dynamics of photosystem II: Mechanism of photoinhibition and recovery processes. In: Barber J (ed) The Photosystems: Structure, Function and Molecular Biology, Topics in Photosynthesis, Vol. 11, pp 295–348, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Pulles MPJ, van Gorkom HJ and Verschoor GAM (1976) Primary reactions of Photosystem II at low pH. 2. Light-induced changes of absorbance and electron spin resonance in spinach chloroplasts. Biochim Biophys Acta 440: 98–106

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rappaport F and Lavergne J (1991) Proton release during successive oxidation steps of the photosynthetic water oxidation process: Stoichiometries and pH dependence. Biochem 30: 10004–10012

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rappaport F, Blanchard-Desce M and Lavergne J (1994) Kinetics of electron transfer and electrochromic change during the redox transitions of the photosynthetic oxygen-evolving complex. Biochim Biophys Acta 1184: 178–192

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Renger G, (1992) Energy transfer and trapping in Photosystem II. In: Barber J (ed) The Photosystems: Structure, Function and Molecular Biology, Topics in Photosynthesis, Vol. 11, pp 45–99. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Rich PR and Bendall DS (1980) The kinetics and thermodynamics of the reduction of cytochrome c by substituted p-benzoquinols in solution. Biochim Biophys Acta 592: 506–518

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rigby SEJ, Nugent JH A and O’Malley PJ (1994) The dark stable tyrosine radical of Photosystem 2 studied in three species using ENDOR and EPR spectroscopies. Biochem 33: 1734–1742

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson HH and Crofts AR (1983) Kinetics of the oxidation-reduction reactions of the photosystem II quinone acceptor complex, and the pathways for deactivation. FEBS Lett 153: 221–226

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez ID, Chandrashekar TK and Babcock GT (1987) ENDOR characterization of H2O/D2O exchange in the D+Z+ radical in photosynthesis. In: Biggins J (ed.) Progress in Photosynthesis Vol. I, pp 471–474, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht

    Google Scholar 

  • Roelofs TA, Gilbert M, Shuvalov VA and Holzwarth AR (1991) Picosecond fluorescence kinetics of the D1-D2-Cyt b-559 Photosystem II reaction center complex. Energy transfer and primary charge separation processes. Biochim Biophys Acta 1060: 237–244

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roelofs TA, Kwa SLS, van Grondelle R, Dekker JP and Holzwarth AR (1993) Primary processes and structure of the Photosystem II reaction center: II. Low-temperature picosecond fluorescence kinetics of a D1-D2-Cyt b-559 reaction center complex isolated by short Triton exposure. Biochim Biophys Acta 1143: 147–157

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roffey R, van Wijk K, Sayre R and Styring S (1994a) Spectroscopic characterization of Tyrosine-Z in Histidine 190 mutants of the Dl protein in Photosystem II (PS II) in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Biol Chem 269: 5115–5121

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roffey RA, Kramer DM, Govindjee and Sayre RT (1994b) Lumenal side histidine mutations in the Dl protein of Photosystem II affect donor side electron transfer in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biochim Biophys Acta 1185: 257–270

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rögner M, Chisholm DA and Diner BA (1991) Site-directed mutagenesis of the psbC gene of Photosystem II: Isolation and functional characterization of CP-43-less Photosystem II core complexes. Biochem 30: 5387–5395

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruffle SV, Donnelly D, Blundell TL and Nugent JHA (1992) A three-dimensional model of the Photosystem II reaction centre of pisum sativum. Photosynth Res 34: 287–300

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rutherford AW (1985) Orientation of EPR signals arising from components in Photosystem II membranes. Biochim Biophys Acta 807: 189–201

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rutherford AW, (1986) How close is the analogy between the reaction centre of photosystem II and that of purple bacteria? Biochem Soc Trans. 14: 15–17

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rutherford AW and Evans MCW (1979) A high potential semiquinone-iron type EPR signal in Rhodopseudomonas viridis. FEBS Lett 100: 305–308

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rutherford AW and Zimmermann J-L (1984) A new EPR signal attributed to the primary plastosemiquinone acceptor in Photosystem II. Biochim Biophys Acta 767: 168–175

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanakis Y, Petrouleas V and Diner BA (1994) Cyanide binding at the non-heme Fe2+ of the iron-quinone complex of Photosystem II: At high concentrations, cyanide converts the Fe2+ from high (S=2) to low (S=0) spin. Biochem 33: 9922–9928

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Satoh, K., (1993) Isolation and properties of the Photosystem II reaction centers. In: Deisenhofer J and Norris JR (eds) The Photosynthetic Reaction Center, Vol. I, pp 289–318, Academic Press, San Diego

    Google Scholar 

  • Schatz GH, Brock H, Holzwarth AR (1987) Picosecond kinetics of fluorescence and absorbance changes in Photosystem II particles excited at low photon density. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 8414

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schatz GH, Brock H and Holzwarth AR (1988) Kinetic and energetic model for the primary processes in Photosystem II. Biophys J 54: 397–405

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schelvis JPM, van Noort PI, Aartsma TJ and van Gorkom HJ (1994) Energy transfer, charge separation and pigment arrangement in the reaction center of Photosystem II. Biochim Biophys Acta 1184: 242–250

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schlodder E, Brettel K and Witt HT (1985) Relation between microsecond reduction kinetics of photooxidized chlorophyll-a11-(P-680) and photosynthetic water oxidation. Biochim Biophys Acta 808: 123–131

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seibert M (1993) Biochemical, biophysical, and structural characterization of the isolated Photosystem II reaction center complex. In: Deisenhofer J and Norris JR (eds) The Photosynthetic Reaction Center, Vol. I, pp 319–356. Academic Press, San Diego

    Google Scholar 

  • Shinkarev VP and Wraight C (1993) Oxygen evolution in photosynthesis: From unicycle to bicycle. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 1834–1838

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stemler A and Jursinic PA (1993) Oxidation-reduction potential dependence of formate binding to Photosystem II in maize thylakoids. Biochim Biophys Acta 1183: 269–280

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stemler A and Murphy JB (1985) Bicarbonate-reversible and irreversible inhibition of Photosystem II by monovalent anions. Plant Physiol 77: 974–977

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stiehl HH and Witt HT (1969) Quantitative treatment of the function of plastoquinone in photosynthesis. Z Naturforsch 24b: 1588–1598

    Google Scholar 

  • Styring SA and Rutherford AW (1987) In the oxygen-evolving complex of Photosystem II the S0 state is oxidized to the S1 state by D+(SignalIIslow), Biochem 26: 2401–2405

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Styring SA and Rutherford AW (1988) The microwave power saturation of SIIslow varies with the redox state of the oxygen-evolving complex in Photosystem II. Biochem 27: 4915–4923

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Styring S, Virgin I, Ehrenberg A and Andersson B (1990) Strong light photoinhibition of electron transport in Photosystem II. Impairment of the function of the first quinone acceptor, QA, Biochim Biophys Acta 1015: 269–278

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Svensson B, Vass I, Cedergren E and Styring S (1990) Structure of donor side components in Photosystem II predicted by computer modeling. EMBO J 9: 2051–2059

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi E and Wraight CA (1990) A crucial role for in the proton transfer pathway to the secondary quinone of reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Biochim Biophys Acta 1020: 107–111

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi Y and Satoh K (1987) Quantitation of plastoquinone and functional electron carriers in the photosystem II reaction center complex. In Biggins J (ed.) Progress in Photosynthesis Research, Vol. II, pp 73–76, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht

    Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi Y, Hansson Ö, Mathis P, and Satoh K (1987) Primary radical pair in photosystem II reaction centre. Biochim Biophys Acta 893: 49–59

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tamura N and Cheniae G (1987) Photoactivation of the water oxidizing complex in Photosystem II membranes depleted of Mn and extrinsic proteins. I. Biochemical and kinetic characterization. Biochim Biophys Acta 890: 179–194

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tang D, Jankowiak R, Seibert M, Yocum CF and Small GJ (1990) Excited-state structure and energy-transfer dynamics of two different preparations of the reaction center of Photosystem II: A hole-burning study. J Phys Chem. 94: 6519–6522

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tang X-S and Diner BA (1994) Biochemical and spectroscopic characterization of a new oxygen-evolving PS II core complex from the cyanobacterium, Synechocystis PCC 6803. Biochem 270: 225–235

    Google Scholar 

  • Tang X-S, Chisholm DA, Dismukes GC, Brudvig GW and Diner BA (1993) Spectroscopic evidence from site-directed mutants of Synechocystis PCC6803 in favor of a close interaction between Histidine 189 and redox-active Tyrosine 160, both of polypeptide D2 of the Photosystem II reaction center. Biochem 32: 13742–13748

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tang, X-S, Peloquin JM, Lorigan GA, Britt RD and Diner BA (1995) The binding environment of the reduced primary quinone electron acceptor, QA − of PS II. In: Mathis P (ed) Photosyn-thesis: From Light to Biosphere, Vol I, pp 775–778. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht

    Google Scholar 

  • Tang X-S, Zheng M, Chisholm DA, Dismukes GC and Diner BA (1996) Investigation of the differences in the local protein environments surrounding tyrosine radicals, YZ and YD, in Photosystem II using wild type and the D2-Tyr160Phe mutant of Synechocystis 6803. Biochemistry 35: 1475–1484

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taoka S and Crofts AR (1990) Two-electron gate in triazine resistant and susceptible Amaranthus hybridus. In: Baltscheff-sky M (ed) Current Research in Photosynthesis, Vol. I, pp 547–550. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht

    Google Scholar 

  • Tetenkin VL, Gulyaev BA, Seibert M and Rubin AB (1989) Spectral properties of stabilized Dl/D2/cytochrome b-559 Photosystem II reaction center complex. FEBS Lett 250: 459–463

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tommos C, Davidsson L, Svensson B, Madsen C, Vermaas, W and Styring S (1993) Modified EPR spectra of the TyrosineD radical in Photosystem II in site-directed mutants of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803: Identification of side chains in the immediate vicinity of TyrosineD on the D2 protein. Biochem 32: 5436–5441

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tommos C, Madsen C, Styring S and Vermaas W (1994) Point-mutations affecting the properties of tyrosineD in Photosystem II. Characterization by isotopic labeling and spectral simulation. Biochem 33: 11805–11813

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tommos C, Tang, X-S, Warncke, K, Hoganson, CW, Styring, S., McCracken, J, Diner, BA and Babcock, GT (1995) Spin-density distribution, conformation and hydrogen bonding of the redox-active tyrosine, YZ, in Photosystem II from multiple electron magnetic-resonance spectroscopies: Implications for photosynthetic oxygen evolution. J Am Chem Soc 117: 10325–10335

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Un S, Brunel L-C, Brill T, Zimmermann J-L and Rutherford AW (1994) Angular orientation of the stable tyrosyl radical within Photosystem II by high field 245 GHz EPR. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 5262–5266

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vacha F, Joseph DM, Durrant JR, Telfer A, Klug DR, Porter G and Barber J (1995) Photochemistry and spectroscopy of a five-chlorophyll reaction center of Photosystem II isolated using a Cu affinity column. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 2929–2933

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van der Vos R, van Leeuwen PJ, Braun P and Hoff AJ (1992) Analysis of the optical absorbance spectra of D1-D2-cytochrome b-559 complexes by absorbance-detected magnetic resonance. Structural properties of P680. Biochim Biophys Acta 1140: 184–198

    Google Scholar 

  • van Gorkom HJ (1974) Identification of the reduced primary electron acceptor of Photosystem II as a bound semiquinone anion. Biochim Biophys Acta 347: 439–442

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Gorkom HJ and Schelvis JPM (1993) Kok’s oxygen clock: What makes it tick? The structure of P680 and consequences of its oxidizing power. Photosynth Res 38: 297–301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Grondelle R, Dekker JP, Gillbro T and Sundström V (1994) Energy transfer and trapping in photosynthesis. Biochim Biophys Acta 1187: 1–65

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van Kan PJM, Otte SCM, Kleinherenbrink FAM, Nieveen MC, Aartsma TJ and van Gorkom HJ (1990) Time-resolved spectroscopy at 10 K of the Photosystem II reaction center; deconvolution of the red absorption band. Biochim Biophys Acta 1020: 146–152

    Google Scholar 

  • van Leeuwen PJ, Heiman C, Gast P, Dekker JP and van Gorkom HJ (1993) Flash-induced redox changes in oxygen-evolving spinach Photosystem II core particles. Photosynth Res 38: 169–176

    Google Scholar 

  • van Mieghem F (1993) Photochemistry and structural aspects of the Photosystem II reaction centre. Thesis, University of Wageningen

    Google Scholar 

  • van Mieghem F, Nitschke W, Mathis P and Rutherford AW (1989) The influence of the quinone-iron electron acceptor complex on the reaction centre photochemistry of Photosystem II. Biochim Biophys Acta 977: 207–214

    Google Scholar 

  • van Mieghem FJE, Satoh K and Rutherford AW (1991) A chlorophyll tilted 30° relative to the membrane in the Photosystem II reaction centre. Biochim Biophys Acta 1058: 379–385

    Google Scholar 

  • van Mieghem FJE, Searle GFW, Rutherford AW and Schaafsma TJ (1992) The influence of the double reduction of QA on the fluorescence decay kinetics of Photosystem II. Biochim Biophys Acta 1100: 198–206

    Google Scholar 

  • van Rensen JJS, Tonk WJM and de Bruijn SM (1988) Involvement of bicarbonate in the protonation of the secondary quinone electron acceptor of Photosystem II via the non-haem iron of the quinone iron acceptor complex. FEBS Lett 226: 347–351

    Google Scholar 

  • Vass I and Styring S (1991) pH-dependent charge equilibria between tyrosine-D and the S-states in Photosystem II. Estimation of relative midpoint potentials. Biochem 30: 830–839

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Velthuys BR and Visser JWM (1975) The reactivation of EPR signal II in chloroplasts treated with reduced dichlorophenol-indophenol: Evidence against a dark equilibrium between two oxidation states of the oxygen evolving system. FEBS Lett 55: 109–112

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vermaas WFJ and Rutherford AW (1984) EPR measurements on the effects of bicarbonate and triazine resistance in the acceptor side of Photosystem II. FEBS Lett 175: 243–248

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vermaas WFJ, Rutherford AW and Hansson O (1988) Site-directed mutagenesis in Photosystem II of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803: Donor D is a tyrosine residue in the D2 protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 8477–8481

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vos MH, van Gorkom HJ and van Leeuwen PJ (1991) An electroluminescence study of stabilization reactions in the oxygen-evolving complex of Photosystem II. Biochim Biophys Acta 1056: 27–39

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Warden JT, Blankenship RE and Sauer K (1976) A flash photolysis ESR study of Photosystem II Signal IIvf, the physiological donor to P-680+. Biochim Biophys Acta 423: 462–478

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Warncke K and Dutton PL (1991) Function of exotic primary electron acceptors in the reaction center protein. Biophys J 59: 146a

    Google Scholar 

  • Warncke K and Dutton PL (1993) Influence of QA site redox cofactor structure on equilibrium binding, in situ electrochemistry, and electron-transfer performance in the photosynthetic reaction center protein. Biochem 32: 4769–4779

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Warncke, K, McCracken J and Babcock GT (1994) Structure of the YD tyrosine radical in Photosystem II as revealed by 2H Electron Spin Echo Envelope Modulation (ESEEM) spectroscopic analysis of hydrogen hyperfine interactions. J Am Chem Soc 116: 7332–7340

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wasielewski MR, Johnson DG, Seibert M and Govindjee (1989) Determination of the primary charge separation rate in isolated Photosystem II reaction centers with 500-fs time resolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 524–528

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wiederrecht GP, Seibert M, Govindjee and Wasielewski MR (1994) Femtosecond photodichroism studies of isolated Photosystem II reaction centers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 8999–9003

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wraight CA (1978) Iron-quinone interactions in the electron acceptor region of bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers. FEBS Lett 93: 283–288

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wraight CA (1985) Modulation of herbicide-binding by the redox state of Q400, an endogenous component of Photosystem II. Biochim Biophys Acta 809: 320–330

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu C, Taoka S, Crofts AR and Govindjee (1991) Kinetic characteristics of formate/formic acid binding at the plastoquinone reductase site in spinach thylakoids. Biochim Biophys Acta 1098: 32–40

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yerkes CT, Babcock GT and Crofts AR (1983) A Tris-induced change in the midpoint potential of Z, the donor to photosystem II, as determined by the kinetics of the back reaction. FEBS Lett 158: 359–363

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yocum CF and Babcock GT (1981) Amine-induced inhibition of photosynthetic oxygen evolution. FEBS Lett 130: 99–102

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmermann JL and Rutherford AW (1986) Photoreductant-induced oxidation of Fe2+ in the electron acceptor complex of Photosystem II. Biochim Biophys Acta 851: 416–423

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Central Research and Development Department, Experimental Station, E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, Delaware, 19880-0173, USA

    Bruce A. Diner

  2. Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA

    Gerald T. Babcock

Authors
  1. Bruce A. Diner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Gerald T. Babcock
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. USDA/ARS, Photosynthesis Research Unit, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA

    Donald R. Ort

  2. Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

    Charles F. Yocum

  3. University of Illinois, USA

    Iris F. Heichel (Assistant Editor) (Assistant Editor)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1996 Kluwer Academic Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Diner, B.A., Babcock, G.T. (1996). Structure, Dynamics, and Energy Conversion Efficiency in Photosystem II. In: Ort, D.R., Yocum, C.F., Heichel, I.F. (eds) Oxygenic Photosynthesis: The Light Reactions. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 4. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48127-8_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48127-8_12

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-7923-3683-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-306-48127-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation