Distributed Node Location in Clustered Multi-hop Wireless Networks

Abstract

Wireless routing protocols in MANET are all flat routing protocols and are thus not suitable for large scale or very dense networks because of bandwidth and processing overheads they generate. A common solution to this scalability problem is to gather terminals into clusters and then to apply a hierarchical routing, which means, in most of the literature, using a proactive routing protocol inside the clusters and a reactive one between the clusters. We previously introduced a cluster organization to allow a hierarchical routing and scalability, which have shown very good properties. Nevertheless, it provides a constant number of clusters when the intensity of nodes increases. Therefore we apply a reactive routing protocol inside the clusters and a proactive routing protocol between the clusters. In this way, each cluster has O(1) routes to maintain toward other ones. When applying such a routing policy, a node u also needs to locate its correspondent v in order to pro-actively route toward the cluster owning v. In this paper, we describe our localization scheme based on Distributed Hashed Tables and Interval Routing which takes advantage of the underlying clustering structure. It only requires O(1) memory space size on each node.