Skip to main content

A Hybrid Architecture Combining Reactive Plan Execution and Reactive Learning

  • Conference paper
PRICAI 2006: Trends in Artificial Intelligence (PRICAI 2006)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 4099))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Developing software agents has been complicated by the problem of how knowledge should be represented and used. Many researchers have identified that agents need not require the use of complex representations, but in many cases suffice to use “the world” as their representation. However, the problem of introspection, both by the agents themselves and by (human) domain experts, requires a knowledge representation with a higher level of abstraction that is more ‘understandable’. Learning and adaptation in agents has traditionally required knowledge to be represented at an arbitrary, low-level of abstraction. We seek to create an agent that has the capability of learning as well as utilising knowledge represented at a higher level of abstraction.

We firstly explore a reactive learner (Falcon) and reactive plan execution engine based on BDI (JACK) through experiments and analysis. We then describe an architecture we have developed that combines the BDI framework to the low-level reinforcement learner and present promising results from experiments using our minefield navigation domain.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 239.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Ackley, D., Littman, M.: Generalizaion and scaling in reinforcement learning. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 2, pp. 550–557 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Baldi, P., Brunak, S., Frasconi, P., Pollastri, G., Soda, G.: Bidirectional Dynamics for Protein Secondary Structure Prediction. In: Sun, R., Giles, C.L. (eds.) IJCAI-WS 1999. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 1828, Springer, Heidelberg (2001)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  3. Bratman, M.E., Israel, D., Pollack, M.: Plans and resource-bounded practical reasoning. Computational Intelligence 4(4), 349–355 (1988)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Brooks, R.: Cambrian Intelligence: The Early History of the New AI. MIT Press, Cambridge (1999) (A Bradford Book)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  5. Carpenter, G.A., Grossberg, S.: A massively parallel architecture for a self-organizing neural pattern recognition machine. Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing 37, 54–115 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Carpenter, G.A., Grossberg, S., Markuzon, N., Reynolds, J.H., Rosen, D.B.: Fuzzy ARTMAP: A neural network architecture for incremental supervised learning of analog multidimensional maps. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 3, 698–713 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Gordan, D., Subramanian, D.: A cognitive model of learning to navigate. In: Nineteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Heintz, F., Doherty, P.: DyKnow: A Framework for Processing Dynamic Knowledge and Object Structures in Autonomous Systems. In: Intl. Workshop on Monitoring, Security and Rescue Techniques in MAS (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Heinze, C., Goss, S., Pearce, A.: Plan Recognition in Military Simulation: Incorporating Machine Learning with Intelligent Agents. In: Proceedings, IJCAI Workshop on Team Behaviour and Plan Recognition, Stockholm, Sweden, pp. 53–63 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Kaelbling, L., Littman, M., Moore, A.: Reinforcement learning: A survey. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 4, 237–285 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Karim, S., Heinze, C.: Experiences with the Design and Implementation of an Agent-based Autonomous UAV Controller. In: Proccedings of the Fourth International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS), University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Newell, A.: Unified Theories of Cognition. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Rao, A.S., Georgeff, M.P.: BDI-agents: from theory to practice. In: Proceedings, First International Conference on Multiagent Systems, San Francisco (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Sun, R.: Duality of the mind: A bottom-up approach toward cognition. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Mahwah (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Sun, R., Sessions, C.: Learning plans without a priori knowledge. Adaptive Behavior 8(3/4), 225–254 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Tan, A.H.: Adaptive Resonance Associative Map. Neural Networks 8(3), 437–446 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Tan, A.H.: FALCON: A fusion architecture for learning, cognition, and navigation. In: Proceedings, IJCNN, Budapest, pp. 3297–3302 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Veloso, M., Carbonell, J., Pérez, A., Borrajo, D., Fink, E., Blythe, J.: Integrating Planning and Learning: The PRODIGY Architecture. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence 7(1), 81–120 (1995)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Karim, S., Sonenberg, L., Tan, AH. (2006). A Hybrid Architecture Combining Reactive Plan Execution and Reactive Learning. In: Yang, Q., Webb, G. (eds) PRICAI 2006: Trends in Artificial Intelligence. PRICAI 2006. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 4099. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-36668-3_23

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-36668-3_23

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-36667-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-36668-3

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics