Abstract
The buccal ganglia of Aplysia contain a central pattern generator (CPG) that mediates rhythmic movements of the foregut during feeding. This CPG is a multifunctional circuit and generates at least two types of buccal motor patterns (BMPs), one that mediates ingestion (iBMP) and another that mediates rejection (rBMP). The present study used a computational approach to examine the ways in which an ensemble of identified cells and synaptic connections function as a CPG. Hodgkin-Huxley-type models were developed that mimicked the biophysical properties of these cells and synaptic connections. The results suggest that the currently identified ensemble of cells is inadequate to produce rhythmic neural activity and that several key elements of the CPG remain to be identified.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Cropper, E.C., Evans, C.G., Hurwitz, I., Jing, J., Proekt, A., Romero, A., Rosen, S.C.: Feeding Neural Networks in the Mollusc Aplysia. Neurosignals 13, 70–86 (2004)
Elliott, C., Susswein, A.J.: Comparative Neuroethology of Feeding Control in Mollusc. J. Exp. Biol. 205, 877–896 (2002)
Brembs, B., Lorenzetti, F., Baxter, D.A., Byrne, J.H.: Operant Reward Learning in Aplysia: Neuronal Correlates and Mechanisms. Science 296, 1706–1709 (2002)
Church, P.J., Lloyd, P.E.: Activity of Multiple Identified Motor Neurons Recorded Intracel-lularly During Evoked Feeding-Like Motor Programs in Aplysia. J. Neurophysiol. 72, 1794–1809 (1994)
Kabotyanksi, E.A., Baxter, D.A., Cushman, S.J., Byrne, J.H.: Modulation of Fictive Feeing by Dopamine and Serotonin in Aplysia. J. Neurophysiol. 83, 374–392 (2000)
Morton, D.W., Chiel, H.J.: In Vivo Buccal Nerve Activity that Distinguishes Ingestion from Rejection Can Be Used to Predict Behavioral Transitions in Aplysia. J. Comp. Physiol. 172, 17–32 (1993a)
Hurwitz, I., Kupfermann, I., Susswein, A.J.: Different Roles of Neurons B63 and B34 that Are Active During the Protraction Phase of Buccal Motor Programs In Aplysia Californica.. J. Neurophysiol. 78, 1305–1319 (1997)
Hurwitz, I., Neustadter, D., Morton, D.W., Chiel, H.J., Susswein, A.J.: Activity Patterns of the B31/32 Pattern Initiators Innervating the I2 Muscle of the Buccal Mass During Normal Feeding Movements in Aplysia Californica. J. Neurophysiol. 75, 1309–1326 (1996)
Morton, D.W., Chiel, H.J.: The Timing of Activity in Motor Neurons that Produce Radula Movements Distinguishes Ingestion from Rejection in Aplysia. J. Comp. Physiol. 173, 519–536 (1993b)
Nargeot, R., Baxter, D.A., Byrne, J.H.: Contingent-Dependent Enhancement of Rhythmic Motor Programs: an in Vitro Analog of Operant Conditioning. J. Neurosci. 17, 8093–8105 (1997)
Nargeot, R., Baxter, D.A., Byrne, J.H.: Correlation between Activity in Neuron B52 and T- wo Features of Fictive Feeding in Aplysia. Neurosci. Lett. 328, 85–88 (2002)
Deodhar, D., Kupfermann, I., Rosen, S.C., Weiss, K.R.: Design Constraints in Neuronal Circuits Underlying Behavior. In: Greenspan, R.J., Kyriacou, C.P. (eds.) Flexibility and Constraint in Behavioral Systems, pp. 41–52. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., New York (1993)
Kabotyanski, E.A., Baxter, D.A., Byrne, J.H.: Experimental and Computational Analyses of a Central Pattern Generator Underlying Aspects of Feeding Behavior of Aplysia. Netherlands J. Zool. 44, 357–373 (1994)
Kupfermann, I., Deodhar, D., Teyke, T., Rosen, S.C., Nagahama, T., Weiss, K.R.: Behavioral Switching of Biting and of Directed Head Turning in Aplysia: Explorations Using Neural Network Models. Acta Biol. Hung. 43, 315–328 (1992)
Susswein, A.J., Hurwitz, I., Thorne, R., Byrne, J.H., Baxter, D.A.: Mechanisms Underlying Fictive Feeding in Aplysia: Coupling Between a Large Neuron with Plateau Potentials and a Spiking Neuron. J. Neurophysiol. 87, 2307–2323 (2002)
Ziv, I., Baxter, D.A., Byrne, J.H.: Simulator for Neural Networks and Action Potentials: Description and Application. J. Neurophysiol. 71, 294–308 (1994)
Av-Ron, E., Byrne, J.H., Baxter, D.A.: Teaching Basic Principles of Neuroscience with Computer Simulations. J. Undergrad. Neurosci. Edu. (in press, 2006)
Baxter, D.A., Byrne, J.H.: Simulator for Neural Networks and Action Potentials (SNNAP): Description and Application. In: Crasto, C. (ed.) Methods in Molecular Biology: Neuroinformatics. Humana Press, Totowa (in press, 2006)
Hurwitz, I., Susswein, A.J.: B64, a Newly Identified Central Pattern Generator Element Producing a Phase Switch from Protraction to Retraction in Buccal Motor Programs of Aplysia Californica. J. Neurophysiol. 75, 1327–1344 (1996)
Kabotyanski, E.A., Baxter, D.A., Byrne, J.H.: Identification and Characterization of Catecholaminergic Neuron B65 That Initiates And Modifies Patterned Activity in the Buccal Ganglia of Aplysia. J. Neurophysiol. 79, 605–621 (1998)
Bernard, C., Axelrad, H., Giraud, B.G.: Effects Of Collateral Inhibition in a Model of the Immature Rat Cerebellar Cortex: Multineuron Correlations. Brain Res. Cogn. Brain Res. 1, 100–122 (1993)
Bhalla, U.S., Bower, J.M.: Exploring Parameter Space in Detailed Single Neuron Models: Simulations of the Mitral and Granule Cells of the Olfactory Bulb. J. Neurophysiol. 69, 1948–1965 (1993)
Edwards, J.A., Palsson, B.O.: Robustness Analysis of the Escherichia Coli Metabolic Network. Biotechnol. Prog. 16, 927–939 (2000)
Arshavsky, Y.I., Deliagina, T.G., Orlovsky, G.N.: Pattern Generation. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 7, 781–789 (1997)
Cropper, E.C., Weiss, K.R.: Synaptic Mechanisms in Invertebrate Pattern Generation. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 6, 833–841 (1996)
Marder, E., Calabrese, R.L.: Principles of Rhythmic Motor Pattern Generation. Physiol. Rev. 76, 687–717 (1996)
Marder, E., Bucher, D., Schulz, D.J., Taylor, A.L.: Invertebrate Central Pattern Generation Moves Along. Current Biology 15, R685–R699 (2005)
Stein, P.S.G., Grillner, S., Selverton, A.I., Stuart, D.G. (eds.): Neurons, Networks and Motor Behaviors. The MIT Press, Cambridge (1998)
Abbott, L.F., Marder, E.: Modeling Small Networks. In: Koch, C., Segev, I. (eds.) Methods in Neuronal Modeling: from Ions to Networks, 2nd edn., pp. 361–409. The MIT Press, Cambridge (1998)
Calabrese, R.L.: Oscillation in Motor Pattern-Generating Networks. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 5, 816–823 (1995)
Marder, E., Abbott, L.F.: Theory in Motion. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 5, 832–840 (1995)
Marder, E., Kopell, N., Sigvardt, K.: How Computation Aids in Understanding Biological Networks. In: Stein, P.S.G., Grillner, S., Selverston, A.I., Stuart, D.G. (eds.) Neurons, Networks, And Motor Behaviors, pp. 139–149. The MIT Press, Cambridge (1998)
Nargeot, R., Baxter, D.A., Byrne, J.H.: In Vitro Analogue of Operant Conditioning n Aplysia: I. Contingent Reinforcement Modifies the Functional Dynamics of an Identified Neuron. J. Neurosci. 15, 2247–2260 (1999a)
Nargeot, R., Baxter, D.A., Byrne, J.H.: In Vitro Analogue of Operant Conditioning in Aplysia: II. Modifications of the Functional Dynamics of an Identified Neuron Mediate Motor Pattern Selection. J. Neurosci. 15, 2261–2272 (1999b)
Jing, J., Weiss, K.R.: Neural Mechanisms of Motor Program Switching in Aplysia. J. Neurosci. 15, 7349–7362 (2001)
Warman, E.N., Chiel, H.J.: A New Technique for Chronic Single-Unit Extracellular Recording in Freely Behaving Animals Using Pipette Electrodes. J. Neurosci. Methods 57, 161–169 (1995)
Teyke, T., Rosen, S.C., Weiss, K.R., Kupfermann, I.: Dopaminergic Neuron B20 Gen rates Neuronal Activity in the Feeding Motor Circuitry of Aplysia. Brain Res. 630, 226–237 (1993)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Cataldo, E., Byrne, J.H., Baxter, D.A. (2006). Computational Model of a Central Pattern Generator. In: Priami, C. (eds) Computational Methods in Systems Biology. CMSB 2006. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 4210. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11885191_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11885191_17
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-46166-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-46167-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)