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Magnetic Coupling and Magnetoresistance

  • Chapter
Ultrathin Magnetic Structures II

Abstract

In this chapter, the related subjects of magnetic coupling and magnetoresistance in ultrathin film structures are discussed in detail. Antiferromagnetic exchange coupling can occur between two ultrathin ferromagnetic films (e.g., Fe) separated by a non-magnetic spacer layer (e.g., Cr) of the correct thickness. Antiparallel alignment of the adjacent ferromagnetic layer magnetizations in Fe/Cr multilayers gives rise to the phenomenon of giant magnetoresistance via the so-called spin valve effect, although indirect exchange coupling is only one of several ways in which such an antiparallel alignment, and hence giant magnetoresistance, can be obtained. Oscillatory coupling has been found to occur in which the coupling strength oscillates as a function of thickness of the spacer layer, and in appropriate ferromagnetic/non-magnetic multilayer systems, this is accompanied by an oscillatory magnetoresistivity. In this chapter we survey both theoretical and experimental aspects of coupling and magnetoresistivity in magnetic multilayers. In the first section, a range of theoretical models proposed to explain exchange coupling are discussed by Hathaway. This is followed by a review by Fert and Bruno of the experimental results and theoretical models for interlayer coupling and magnetoresistance. Pierce, Unguris and Celotta discuss studies of exchange coupling using scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis. This study focuses chiefly on epitaxial films. The reader is referred to Volume 1, Chap. 4 for a discussion of spin-polarized electron spectroscopy techniques. Finally, Parkin concludes the chapter with a discussion of giant magnetoresistance and coupling in polycrystalline transition metal multilayers. The reader is referred to this final section for a comparison of MBE-grown and sputtered films.

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Authors
  1. K. B. Hathaway
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  1. Physics Department, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada

    Bretislav Heinrich

  2. The Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK

    J. Anthony C. Bland

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Hathaway, K.B. (1994). Magnetic Coupling and Magnetoresistance. In: Heinrich, B., Bland, J.A.C. (eds) Ultrathin Magnetic Structures II. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27166-X_2

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