15.8 Conclusion
This study confirms that the right ITA is an excellent conduit for coronary artery bypass grafting. Excellent patency of the right ITA was observed when it was grafted to the LAD, diagonal, intermediate or proximal circumflex marginal branches, suggesting that preference should be given to the use of a right ITA when grafting to one of the coronary arteries on the left side (after the LITA). However, there were differences in patency between pedicled and free right ITAs when grafted to the right side. Free right ITA grafts are recommended for grafting the distal right coronary artery or its branches, and for bypassing the distal circumflex marginal branches because of their greater flexibility. Survival after bilateral ITA grafting was excellent, whether the right ITA was pedicled or free.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bailey CP, Hirose T (1968) Successful internal mammary-coronary artery anastomosis using a ‘minivascular’ suturing technique. Int Surg 49:416–427
Loop FD, Effler DB, Spampinato N, et al. (1972) Myocardial revascularization by internal mammary artery graft: a technique without optical assistance. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 663:674
Dion R, Etienne PY, Verhelst R, et al. (1993) Bilateral mammary grafting. Clinical, functional and angiographic assessment in 400 consecutive patients. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 7:287–293
Schmidt SE, Jones JW, Thornby JI, et al. (1997) Improved survival with multiple left-sided bilateral internal thoracic artery grafts. Ann Thorac Surg 64:9–14
Cunningham JM, Gharavi MA, Fardin R, Meek RA (1992) Considerations in the skeletonization technique of internal thoracic artery dissection. Ann Thorac Surg 54:947–950
Barner HB (1973) The internal mammary artery as a free graft. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 66:219
Loop FD, Spampinato N, Cheanvechai C, Effler DB (1973) The free internal mammary artery bypass graft. Ann Thorac Surg 15:50–55
Tector AJ, Schmahl TM, Canino VR (1986) Expanding the use of the internal mammary artery to improve patency in coronary artery bypass grafting. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 91:9–16
Calafiore AM, Di Giammarco G, Luciani N, et al. (1994) Composite arterial conduits for a wider arterial myocardial revascularization. Ann Thorac Surg 58:185–190
Kabbani SS, Hanna ES, Bashour TT, et al. (1983) Sequential mammary-coronary artery bypass. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 86:697
McBride LR, Barner HB (1983) The left internal thoracic artery as a sequential graft to the left anterior descending system. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 86:703
Kanter KR, Barner HB (1987) Improved technique for the proximal anastomosis with free internal mammary artery grafts. Ann Thorac Surg 44:556–557
Barra JA, Bezon E, Mansourati J, et al. (1995) Reimplantation of the right internal thoracic artery as a free graft into the left in situ internal thoracic artery (y procedure). One-year angiographic results. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 109:1042–1047
Loop FD, Lytle BW, Cosgrove DM, et al. (1986) Free (aortocoronary) internal mammary artery graft. Late results. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 92:827–831
Buxton BF, Komeda M, Fuller J (1997) Bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting may improve late outcome of coronary artery surgery. Circulation 96(Suppl 1):1–432
Tatoulis J, Buxton BF, Fuller JR (1997) Results of 1,454 free right internal thoracic artery-to-coronary artery grafts. Ann Thorac Surg 64:1263–1269
Lytle BW, Loop FD, Thurer RL, et al. (1980) Isolated left anterior descending coronary atherosclerosis: long-term comparison of internal mammary artery and venous auto-grafts. Circulation 61:869–874
Lytle EW, Loop FD, Cosgrove DM, et al. (1985) Long-term (5 to 12 years) serial studies of internal mammary artery and saphenous vein coronary bypass grafts. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 89:248–258
Loop FD (1989) A 20-year experience in coronary artery reoperation. Eur Heart J 10(Suppl H):78–84
Dion R (1996) Complete arterial revascularization with the internal thoracic arteries. Op Techn Cardiac Thorac Surg 1:84–107
He GW (1993) Contractility of the human internal mammary artery at the distal section increases toward the end. Emphasis on not using the end of the internal mammary artery for grafting. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 106:406–411
Chocron S, Etievent JP, Schiele F, et al. (1994) The y graft: myocardial revascularization with both internal thoracic arteries. Evaluation of eighty cases with coronary angiographic assessment. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 108:736–740
Tector AJ, Amundsen S, Schmahl TM, et al. (1994) Total revascularization with T-grafts. Ann Thorac Surg 57:33–38
Tector AJ, Kress DC, Downey FX, Schmahl TM (1996) Complete revascularization with internal thoracic artery grafts. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 8:29–41
Euche M, Schroeder E, Chenu P, et al. (1995) Revascularization of the circumflex artery with the pedicled right internal thoracic artery: clinical functional and angiographic midterm results. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 110:1338–1343
Buxton BF, Ruengsakulrach P, Fuller JA, Rosalian A, Reid CM, Tatoulis J (2000) The right internal thoracic artery graft-benefits of grafting the left coronary systemand native vessels with a high grade stenosis. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 18:255–261
Tatoulis J, Buxton BF, Fuller JA (2004) Patencies of 2127 arterial to coronary conduits over 15 years. Ann Thorac Surg 77:93–101
Calafiore AM, Vitolla G, Iaco AL, et al. (1999) Bilateral internalmammary artery grafting: Mid-term results of pedicled versus skeletonized conduits. Ann Thorac Surg 67:1637–1642
Earner HE, Naunheim KS, Willman VL, Fiore AC (1992) Revascularization with bilateral internal thoracic artery grafts in patients with left main coronary stenosis. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 6:66–69
Gold JP, Shemen RJ, DiSesa VJ, et al. (1985) Multiple-vessel coronary revascularization with combined in situ and free sequential internal mammary arteries. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 90:301–302
Pick AW, Orszulak TA, Anderson EJ, Schaff HV (1997) Single versus bilateral internal mammary artery grafts: 10-year outcome analysis. Ann Thorac Surg 64:599–605
Chow MS, Sim E, Orszulak TA, Schaff HV (1994) Patency of internal thoracic artery grafts: comparison of right versus left and importance of vessel grafted. Circulation 90:11129–11132
Sergeant P, Lesaffre E, Flameng W, Suy R (1990) Internal mammary artery: methods of use and their effect on survival after coronary bypass surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 4:72–78
Dion R, Glineur D, Derouck R, et al. (2000) Long-term clinical and angiographic follow-up of sequential internal thoracic artery grafting. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 17:407–414
Ascione R, Underwood MJ, Lloyd CT, Jeremy JY, Brian AJ, Angelini GD (2001) Clinical and angiographic outcome of different surgical strategies of bilateral internal mammary artery grafting. Ann Thorac Surg 72:959–965
Lytle BW, Blackstone EH, Loop FD, et al. (1999) Two internal thoracic artery grafts are better than one. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 117:855–872
Ura M, Sakata R, Nakayama Y, Arai Y, Saito T (1998) Long-term patency of right internal thoracic artery bypass via the transverse sinus. Circulation 98:2043–2048
Puig LB, Soares PR, Platania F, et al. (2004) Right internal thoracic artery remodeling 18 years after circumflex system grafting. Ann Thorac Surg 77:1072–1074
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Tatoulis, J., Buxton, B.F., Fuller, J.A. (2006). Free Compared with Pedicled Right Internal Thoracic Arteries for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. In: He, GW. (eds) Arterial Grafting for Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg . https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-30084-8_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-30084-8_15
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-30083-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-30084-7
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)