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SoyFACE: the Effects and Interactions of Elevated [CO2] and [O3] on Soybean

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Managed Ecosystems and CO2

Part of the book series: Ecological Studies ((ECOLSTUD,volume 187))

4.7 Conclusions

The SoyFACE experiment is the first to focus on the affects of e[CO2] and e[O3] on a seed legume under fully open-air conditions. The experiment mimicked e[CO2] and e[O3] predicted for the middle of this century and was conducted in one of the world’s major production areas for corn and soybean under cultivation and management techniques standard for the industry in the United States corn-belt region.Growth of soybean at e[CO2] resulted in an approximately 25 % increase in the daily integral of net leaf CO2 uptake, a 20% increase in the rate of light saturated CO2 uptake, a 15 % increase in seed yield, a 15 % increase in above ground primary productivity, and a 20 % increase in node number. Growth of soybean at e[CO2] also resulted in approximately a 30 % decrease in mid-day stomatal conductance, a 10 % decrease in stomatal conductance averaged over the day, an 8% decrease in the limitation of photosynthesis by stomatal conductance, and a 2–3 % decrease in harvest index.

Growth of soybean at e[CO2] caused about a 5% decrease in the ratio of maximum carboxylation capacity compared to maximum electron transport capacity, indicative of acclimation to optimize photosynthetic performance to the higher [CO2] conditions.Growth of soybean at e[CO2] extended the growing season and resulted in increased herbivory by Japanese beetles.

Growth of soybean at e[O3] was largely deleterious to soybean although the effects developed slowly over the course of the growing season. e[O3] resulted in decreases in seed yield (15–25 %), above-ground primary productivity (11–23 %), and harvest index (2–3 %). Growth at e[O3] caused accelerated senescence of the crop.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. USDA/ARS, Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, 190 ERML, 1201 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA

    D. R. Ort, E. A. Ainsworth & D. J. Allen

  2. Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, 190 ERML265 Morrill Hall, 505S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA

    M. Aldea

  3. Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Illinois State Water Survey, 2204 Griffith Drive, Champaign, Illinois, 61820, USA

    C. J. Bernacchi

  4. Department of Entomology and Plant Biology, University of Illionois, 265 Morrill Hall, 505 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA

    M. R. Berenbaum

  5. Department of Crop Science, University of Illinois, AW101 Turner Hall, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA

    G. A. Bollero, F. G. Dohleman & E. A. Heaton

  6. Laboratory D’Écophysiologie Végétale, Université Paris XI Orsay, 91405, Paris, France

    G. Cornic

  7. Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, 190 ERML, 1201 W. Gregory Dr., Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA

    P. A. Davey, P. B. Morgan & X. -G. Zhu

  8. Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, 265 Morrill Hall, 505 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA

    O. Dermody, J. G. Hamilton & E. H. DeLucia

  9. Institute of Genooomic Biology, University of Illionois, 04 ASL, 1207 W. Gregory Dr., Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA

    A. D. B. Leakey

  10. Environmental Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, 11973-5000, USA

    J. Mahoney & A. Rogers

  11. Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, 190 ERML, 1201 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA

    T. A. Mies

  12. USDA/ARS, Department of Crop Science, University of Illinois, AW101 Turner Hall, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA

    R. L. Nelson

  13. Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, 320 Morrill Hall, 505 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA

    B. O’Neil & A. R. Zangerl

  14. Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, 379 Edward R.Madigan Laboratory, 1201 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA

    S. P. Long

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  1. D. R. Ort
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Plant Sciences, ETH, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland

    Josef Nösberger

  2. Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, 379 Edward R. Madigan Laboratory 1201 W. Gregory, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA

    Stephen P. Long

  3. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Bldg. 1062, Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6422, USA

    Richard J. Norby

  4. Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg, 14476, Golm, Germany

    Mark Stitt

  5. Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY, 11367, USA

    George R. Hendrey

  6. Institute of Plant Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), 8092, Zurich, Switzerland

    Herbert Blum

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Ort, D.R. et al. (2006). SoyFACE: the Effects and Interactions of Elevated [CO2] and [O3] on Soybean. In: Nösberger, J., Long, S.P., Norby, R.J., Stitt, M., Hendrey, G.R., Blum, H. (eds) Managed Ecosystems and CO2 . Ecological Studies, vol 187. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-31237-4_4

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