Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Computing at the Molecular Level

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Molecular Machines and Motors

Part of the book series: Structure and Bonding ((STRUCTURE,volume 99))

Abstract

With the pace of miniaturization of silicon-based computer chips hurtling toward an insurmountable barrier, it has become necessary to envisage a smaller scale on which logic operations can be performed — the molecular scale. This review documents a small fraction of the research currently being undertaken around the globe into the development of systems which, in the solution state, mimic the behavior of switches and logic gates, through the two-dimensional ordering of molecules as a result of the formation of Langmuir films, up to the incorporation of suitably designed molecules into solid-state molecular electronic devices capable of performing useful tasks, such as the retention of memory and the operation of logic gates.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Moore GE (1975) IEDM Technical Digest, IEEE Piscataway, New Jersey

    Google Scholar 

  2. Schulz M (1999) Nature 399: 729

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. Muller DA, Sorsch T, Moccio S, Baumann FH, Evans-Lutterodt K, Timp G (1999) Nature 399: 758

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. Ball P (2000) Nature 406: 118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Goldhaber-Gordon D, Montemerlo MS, Love JC, Opiteck GJ, Ellenbogen JC (1997) Proc IEEE 85: 521

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Reed MA, Tour JM (2000) sci Am 282: 86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Ghosh P, Bharadwaj PK, Roy J, Ghosh S (1997) J Am Chem Soc 119: 11903; Baytekin HT, Akkaya EU (2000) Org Lett 2: 1725

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. de Silva AP, Gunaratne HQN, Gunnlaugsson T, Huxley AJM, McCoy CP, Rademacher JT, Rice TE (1997) Chem Rev 97: 1515

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. de Silva AP, Gunaratne HQN, McCoy CP (1993) Nature 364: 42

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. de Silva AP, Gunaratne HQN, McCoy CP (1997) J Am Chem Soc 119: 7891

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. de Silva AP, Gunaratne HQN, Maguire GEM (1994) J Chem Soc Chem Commun 1213

    Google Scholar 

  12. Gunnlaugsson T, Mac Dónail DA, Parker D (2000) Chem Commun 93

    Google Scholar 

  13. de Silva AP, Dixon IM, Gunaratne HQN, Gunnlaugsson T, Maxwell PRS, Rice TE (1999) J Am Chem Soc 121: 1393

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. de Silva AP, McClenaghan ND (2000) J Am Chem Soc 122: 3965

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Ellenbogen JC, Love JC (2000) Proc IEEE 88: 386

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Schill G (1971) Catenanes, Rotaxanes, and Knots, Academic Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  17. Cram DJ (1992) Nature 356: 29; Cram DJ, Cram JM (1994) Container Molecules and their Guests, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. Ashton PR, Philp D, Reddington MV, Slawin AMZ, Spencer N, Stoddart JF, Williams DJ (1991) J Chem Soc Chem Commun 1680

    Google Scholar 

  19. Balzani V, Gómez-López M, Stoddart JF (1998) Acc Chem Res 31:405; Balzani V, Credi A, Raymo FM, Stoddart JF (2000) Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 39: 3348

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Harrison IT, Harrison S (1967) J Am Chem Soc 89: 5723

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Stang PJ, Diederich F (eds) (1999) Templated Organic Synthesis, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim

    Google Scholar 

  22. Nepogodiev SA, Stoddart JF (1998) Chem Rev 98: 1959

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Jäger R, Vögtle F (1997) Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 36: 930

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Sauvage JP (1990) Acc Chem Res 23: 319

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Amabilino DB, Stoddart JF (1995) Chem Rev 95: 2725

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Ashton PR, Ballardini R, Balzani V, Belohradsky M, Gandolfi MT, Philp D, Prodi L, Raymo FM, Reddington MV, Spencer N, Stoddart JF, Venturi M, Williams DJ (1996) J Am Chem Soc 118: 4931

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Anelli P-L, Ashton PR, Ballardini R, Balzani V, Delgado M, Gandolfi MT, Goodnow TT, Kaifer AE, Philp D, Pietraszkiewicz M, Prodi L, Reddington MV, Slawin AMZ, Spencer N, Stoddart JF, Vicent C, Williams DJ (1992) J Am Chem Soc 114: 193

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Houk KN, Menzer S, Newton SP, Raymo FM, Stoddart JF, Williams DJ (1999) J Am Chem Soc 121: 1479

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Anelli P-L, Spencer N, Stoddart JF (1991) J Am Chem Soc 113: 5131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Grabuleda X, Jaime C (1998) J Org Chem 63: 9635

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Bissell RA, Córdova E, Kaifer AE, Stoddart JF (1994) Nature 369: 133

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. Ashton PR, Ballardini R, Balzani V, Credi A, Dress R, Ishow E, Kleverlaan CJ, Kocian O, Preece JA, Spencer N, Stoddart JF, Venturi M, Wenger S (2000) Chem Eur J 6: 3558

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Ashton PR, Ballardini R, Balzani V, Constable EC, Credi A, Kocian O, Langford SJ, Preece JA, Prodi L, Schofield ER, Spencer N, Stoddart JF, Wenger S (1998) Chem Eur J 4: 2413; Asakawa M, Ashton PR, Balzani V, Brown CL, Credi A, Matthews OA, Newton SP, Raymo FM, Shipway AN, Spencer N, Quick A, Stoddart JF, White AJP, Williams DJ (1999) Chem Eur J 5: 860

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Asakawa M, Iqbal S, Stoddart JF, Tinker ND (1996) Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 35: 976

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Matthews OA, Raymo FM, Stoddart JF, White AJP, Williams DJ (1998) New J Chem 1131

    Google Scholar 

  36. Philp D, Slawin AMZ, Spencer N, Stoddart JF, Williams DJ (1991) J Chem Soc Chem Commun 1584

    Google Scholar 

  37. Asakawa M, Ashton PR, Balzani V, Credi A, Mattersteig G, Matthews OA, Montalti M, Spencer N, Stoddart JF, Venturi M (1997) Chem Eur J 3: 1992

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Ashton PR, Balzani V, Becher J, Credi A, Fyfe MCT, Mattersteig G, Menzer S, Nielsen MB, Raymo FM, Stoddart JF, Venturi M, Williams DJ (1999) J Am Chem Soc 121: 3951

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Credi A, Balzani V, Langford SJ, Stoddart JF (1997) J Am Chem Soc 119: 2679

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Ballardini R, Balzani V, Credi A, Gandolfi MT, Langford SJ, Menzer S, Prodi L, Stoddart JF, Venturi M, Williams DJ (1996) Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 35: 978; Balzani V, Credi A, Langford SJ, Raymo FM, Stoddart JF, Venturi M (2000) J Am Chem Soc 122: 3542

    Google Scholar 

  41. Wasserman E (1960) J Am Chem Soc 82: 4433

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Hunter CA (1992) J Am Chem Soc 114: 5303

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Hamilton DG, Davies JD, Prodi L, Sanders JKM (1998) Chem Eur J 4: 608

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Fujita M (1999) Acc Chem Res 32: 53

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Philp D, Stoddart JF (1996) Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 35: 1155; Fyfe MCT, Stoddart JF (1997) Acc Chem Res 30: 393

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Ashton PR, Boyd SE, Brindle A, Langford SJ, Menzer S, Pérez-García L, Preece JA, Raymo FM, Spencer N, Stoddart JF, White AJP, Williams DJ (1999) New J Chem 23: 587

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Amabilino DB, Anelli P-L, Ashton PR, Brown GR, Cordova E, Godinez LA, Hayes W, Kaifer AE, Philp D, Slawin AMZ, Spencer N, Stoddart JF, Tolley MS, Williams DJ (1995) J Am Chem Soc 117: 11142; Amabilino DB, Ashton PR, Boyd SE, Gómez-López M, Hayes W, Stoddart JF (1997) J Org Chem 62: 3062

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Ashton PR, Ballardini R, Balzani V, Credi A, Gandolfi MT, Menzer S, Pérez-García L, Prodi L, Stoddart JF, Venturi M, White AJP, Williams DJ (1995) J Am Chem Soc 117: 11171

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Asakawa M, Ashton PR, Balzani V, Boyd SE, Credi A, Mattersteig G, Menzer S, Montalti M, Raymo FM, Ruffilli C, Stoddart JF, Venturi M, Williams DJ (1999) Eur J Org Chem 985

    Google Scholar 

  50. Asakawa M, Ashton PR, Balzani V, Credi A, Hamers CA, Mattersteig G, Montalti M, Shipway AN, Spencer N, Stoddart JF, Tolley MS, Venturi M, White AJP, Williams DJ (1998) Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 37: 333

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Balzani V, Credi A, Mattersteig G, Matthews OA, Raymo FM, Stoddart JF, Venturi M, White AJP, Williams DJ (2000) J Org Chem 65: 1924

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Ahuja RC, Caruso P-L, Möbius D, Wildburg G, Ringsdorf H, Philp D, Preece JA, Stoddart JF (1993) Langmuir 9: 1534; Brown CL, Jonas U, Preece JA, Ringsdorf H, Seitz M, Stoddart JF (2000) Langmuir 16: 1924; Asakawa M, Higuchi M, Mattersteig G, Nakamura T, Pease AR, Raymo FM, Shimizu T, Stoddart JF (2000) Adv Mater 12: 1099

    Google Scholar 

  53. Collier CP, Mattersteig G, Stoddart JF, Wong EW, Luo Y, Beverly K, Sampaio J, Raymo FM, Stoddart JF, Heath JR (2000) Science 289: 1172

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  54. Amabilino DB, Asakawa M, Ashton PR, Ballardini R, Balzani V, Belohradsky M, Credi A, Higuchi M, Raymo FM, Shimizu T, Stoddart JF, Venturi M, Yase K (1998) New J Chem 959

    Google Scholar 

  55. Collier CP, Wong EW, Belohradsky M, Raymo FM, Stoddart JF, Keukes PJ, Williams RS, Heath JR (1999) Science 285: 391; Wong EW, Collier CP, Belohradsky M, Raymo FM, Stoddart JF, Heath JR (2000) J Am Chem Soc 122: 5831

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Heath JR, Keukes PJ, Snider GS, Williams RS (1998) Science 280: 1716

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Trentler TJ, Hickman KM, Goel SC, Viano AM, Gibbons PC, Buhro WE (1995) Science 270: 1791

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  58. Chung S-W, Markovich G, Heath JR (1998) J Phys Chem B 102: 6685

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Morales AM, Lieber CM (1998) Science 279: 208

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  60. Chung SW, Yu JY, Heath JR (2000) Appl Phys Lett 76: 2068

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  61. Chen Y, Ohlberg DAA, Medeiros-Ribeiro G, Chang YA, Williams RS (2000) Appl Phys Lett 76: 4004

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  62. Reed MA, Zhou C, Muller CJ, Burgin TP (1997) Science 278: 252; Tour JM (1996) Chem Rev 96: 537

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Chen J, Reed MA, Rawlett AM, Tour JM (1999) Science 286: 1550

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Tour JM, Kozaki M, Seminario JM (1998) J Am Chem Soc 120: 8486; Seminario JM, Zacarias AG, Tour JM (1999) J Phys Chem A 103: 7883

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1569, USA

    Anthony R. Pease & J. Fraser Stoddart

Authors
  1. Anthony R. Pease
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. Fraser Stoddart
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculté de Chimie Laboratoire de Chimie Organo-Minéale, Université Louis Pasteur, 4, Rue Blaise Pascal, F-67070, Strasbourg Cedex, France

    Jean-Pierre Sauvage

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2001 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pease, A.R., Stoddart, J.F. (2001). Computing at the Molecular Level. In: Sauvage, JP., et al. Molecular Machines and Motors. Structure and Bonding, vol 99. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44421-1_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44421-1_8

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-41382-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-44421-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation