Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Solvent-free Reactions

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Modern Solvents in Organic Synthesis

Part of the book series: Topics in Current Chemistry ((TOPCURRCHEM,volume 206))

Abstract

For reasons of economy and pollution, solvent-free methods are of great interest in order to modernize classical procedures making them more clean, safe and easy to perform. Reactions on solid mineral supports, reactions without any solvent/support or catalyst, and solid-liquid phase transfer catalysis can be thus employed with noticeable increases in reactivity and selectivity. A comprehensive review of these techniques is presented here. These methodologies can moreover be improved to take advantage of microwave activation as a beneficial alternative to conventional heating under safe and efficient conditions with large enhancements in yields and savings in time.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Keinan E, Mazur Y (1977) J. Am Chem Soc 99:3861

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Laszlo P (1987) In: Preparative chemistry using supported reagents. Academic Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  3. Smith K (1992) In: Solid support and catalysts in organic synthesis. Ellis Horwood PTR Prentice Hall, Chichester

    Google Scholar 

  4. Kabalka GW, Pagni RM (1997) Tetrahedron 53:7999

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Toda F (1993) Synlett 304

    Google Scholar 

  6. Toda F (1995) Acc Chem Res 28:480

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Starks CM (1971) J Am Chem Soc 93:195

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Bram. G, Loupy A, Sansoulet J (1985) Israel J Chem 26:291

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Bram G, Galons H, Labidalle S, Loupy A, Miocque M, Petit A, Pigeon P, Sansoulet J ( 1989) Bull Soc Chim Fr 247

    Google Scholar 

  10. Foucaud A, Bram G, Loupy A (1993) In: Preparative chemistry using supported reagents, Academic Press, London, chap 17, p 317

    Google Scholar 

  11. Hondrogiannis G, Than CL, Pagni RM, Kabalka GW, Herold S, Ross E, Green J, Mc Ginnis M (1994) Tetrahedron Lett 35:6211

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Bram G, D’Incan E, Loupy A ( 1982) New J Chem 573, 689

    Google Scholar 

  13. Loupy A, Seyden-Penne J (1980) Tetrahedron 36:1937

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Pagni RM, Kabalka GW, Boothe R, Gaetano K, Stewart LJ, Conaway R, Dial C, Gray D, Larson S, Luidhardt T (1988) J Org Chem 53:4477

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Kropp PJ, Daus KA, Tubergen MW, Kepler KD, Wilson VP, Craig SL, Baillargeon MM, Breton GW (1993) J Am Chem Soc 115:3071

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Czech B, Quici S, Regen SL (1980) Synthesis 113

    Google Scholar 

  17. Tan CL, Pagni RM, Kabalka GW, Hillmyer M, Woosley J (1992) Tetrahedron Lett 33:7709

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Bodwell GJ, Hougton TJ, Koury HE, Yarlagadda B (1995) Synlett 751

    Google Scholar 

  19. Parks GA (1965) Chem Rev 65:177

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Varma RS, Varma M (1992) Tetrahedron Lett 33:5937

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Texier-Boullet F (1985) Synthesis 679

    Google Scholar 

  22. Rosini G, Ballini R, Sorrenti P (1983) Tetrahedron 39:4127

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Ranu BC, Bhars S (1992) Tetrahedron 48:1327

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Loupy A, Tchoubar B (1992) In: Salt effects in organic and organometallic chemistry, VCH, Weinheim, p 37

    Google Scholar 

  25. Clark JH (1980) Chem Rev 80:429

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Yamawaki J, Ando T (1979) Chem Lett 755

    Google Scholar 

  27. Villemin D, Ricard M (1984) Tetrahedron Lett 39:1059

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Oussaïd A, Loupy A unpublished results; Oussaïd A ( 1997) PhD thesis, Orsay, Paris-South University

    Google Scholar 

  29. Ando T, Kawate T, Ichihara J, Hanafusa T (1984) Chem Lett 725

    Google Scholar 

  30. Anufriev VP, Norikov V (1995) Tetrahedron Lett 36:2515; Ando T, Kawate T, Ichihara J, Hanafusa T (1983) Bull Soc Chim Jpn 56:1885

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Ando T, Sumi S, Kawate T, Ichihara J, Hanafusa T ( 1984) J Chem Soc Chem Commun 439

    Google Scholar 

  32. Posner GH, Rogers DZ (1977) J Am Chem Soc 99:8208,8214

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Ranu B, Majee A, Das AR (1995) Synth Commun 25:263

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Dhavale DD, Sindkhedkar MD, Mali RS (1995) J Chem Res S 414

    Google Scholar 

  35. Pagni RM, Kabalka GW, Hondrogiannis G, Bains S, Anosike P, Kurt R (1993) Tetrahedron 49:6743

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Bains S, Pagni RM, Kabalka GW, Palla C ( 1994) Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 5:2263

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Kamitori Y, Hojo M, Masuda R, Yoshida T ( 1985) Tetrahedron Lett 26:4767

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Kodomari M, Sakamoto T, Yoshitomi S (1990) J Chem Soc Chem Commun 701

    Google Scholar 

  39. Ranu BC, Ghosh K, Jana U (1996) J Org Chem 61:9546

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Breton GW, Kurtz MJ, Kurtz SL (1997) Tetrahedron Lett 38:3825

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Farwaha R, de Mayo P, Schauble JH, Toong YC (1985) J Org Chem 50:149

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Slayton RM, Franklin NR, Tro NJ (1996) J Phys Chem 100:15551

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Santaniello E (1993) In: Preparative chemistry using supported reagents. Academic Press, London, chap 18, p 345

    Google Scholar 

  44. Ranu BC, Sarkar A, Saha M, Chakraborty R (1994) Tetrahedron 50:6579; Ranu BC, Majee A, Sarkar A (1998) J Org Chem 63:370

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Clark JH, Cork DG (1983) J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 2253

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Bram G, Loupy A (1993) In: Preparative chemistry using supported reagents. Academic Press, London, chap 20, p 387

    Google Scholar 

  47. Kotushi H, Shimanouchi T, Oshima R, Fujiwara S (1998) Tetrahedron 54:2709

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Veselovsky VV, Gybin AS, Lozanova AV, Moiseenkov AM, Smit WA, Caple R (1988) Tetrahedron Lett 29:175

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Patil VJ, Mävers U ( 1996) Tetrahedron Lett 37:1281

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Bram G, D’Incan E, Loupy A (1981) J Chem Soc Chem Commun 1066

    Google Scholar 

  51. Barry J, Bram G, Decodts G, Loupy A, Pigeon P, Sansoulet J (1983) Tetrahedron 39: 2669

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Bram J, Loupy A, Roux-Schmitt MC, Sansoulet J, Strzalko T, Seyden-Penne J (1987) Synthesis 56

    Google Scholar 

  53. Huang B, Gupton JT, Hansen KC, Idoux JP (1996) Synth Commun 26:165

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Balogh M, Laszlo P (1993) In: Organic chemistry using clays, reactivity and structure concepts in organic chemistry, vol 29. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

  55. Izumi K, Urabe K, Onaka M (1992) In: Zeolite, clay and heteropoly acids in organic reactions, VCH, Weinhein, chap 1, p 21

    Google Scholar 

  56. Toshima K, Ishizuka T, Matsuo G, Nakata M (1995) Synlett 306

    Google Scholar 

  57. Toshima K, Miyamoto N, Matsuo G, Nakata M, Matsumura S (1996) J Chem Soc Chem Commun 1379

    Google Scholar 

  58. Toshima K, Ushiki Y, Matsuo G, Matsumara S ( 1997) Tetrahedron Lett 38:7375

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Kellendonk FJA, Heinerman JJL, Van Santen RA (1987) In: Preparative chemistry using supported reagents. Academic Press, London, chap 23, p 455

    Google Scholar 

  60. Theng BKG (1979) In: Formation and properties of clay-polymer complexes, Elsevier, Amsterdam

    Book  Google Scholar 

  61. Diddams P (1992) In: Solid supports and catalysts in organic synthesis, Ellis Horwood PTR Prentice Hall, Chichester, chap 1, p 23

    Google Scholar 

  62. Ben alloum A, Labiad B, Villemin D (1989) J Chem Soc Chem Commun 386

    Google Scholar 

  63. Pério B, Dozias MJ, Jacquault P, Hamelin J (1997) Tetrahedron Lett 38:7867

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Devic M, Schirmann JP, Decarreau A, Bram G, Loupy A, Petit A (1991 ) New J Chem 15:949

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Bram G, Loupy A, Majdoub M, Petit A (1991) Chem Ind (London) 396

    Google Scholar 

  66. Cornélis A, Dony C, Laszlo P, Nsunda KM (1991) Tetrahedron Lett 32:1423; Clark JH, Kybett AP, Mac Quarrie DJ, Barlow SJ, Landon P (1989) J Chem Soc Chem Commun 1353

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Cornélis A, Gestermans A, Laszlo P, Mathy A, Zieba I (1990) CatalLett 6:103

    Google Scholar 

  68. Bram G, Loupy A, Villemin D (1992) In: Solid supports and catalysts in organic synthesis, Ellis Horwood PTR Prentice Hall, Chichester, chap 12, p 301

    Google Scholar 

  69. Corey EJ, Seebach D (1966) J Org Chem 31:4097

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Loupy A, Sansoulet J, Harris AR (1989) Synth Commun 19:2939

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Harris AR (1988) Synth Commun 18:659

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Toda F, Yagi M, Kiyoshige K (1988) J Chem Soc Chem Commun 958

    Google Scholar 

  73. Toda F, Tanaka K, Hamai K (1990) J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 3207

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Kammoun N, Le Bigot Y, Delmas M, Boutevin B (1997) Synth Commun 27:2777

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Im J, Kim S, Hahn B, Toda F ( 1997) Tetrahedron Lett 38:451

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Toda F, Aakai H ( 1990) J Org Chem 55:3446

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Rajagopal D, Rajagopalan K, Swaminathan S (1996) Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 7:2189

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Keller P (1987) Macromolecules 20:462; Majdoub M (1998) PhD thesis, University Tunis II

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Strzelecka H, Jallabert C, Veber M, Malthête J (1988) Mol Cryst Liq Cryst 136:347; Bayle JP, Bui E, Perez F, Courtieu J (1989) Bull Soc Chim Fr 532

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Loupy A, Sansoulet J, Vaziri-Zand F (1987) Bull Soc Chim Fr 1027

    Google Scholar 

  81. Barry J, Bram G, Decodts G, Loupy A, Orange C, Petit A, Sansoulet J (1985) Synthesis 40

    Google Scholar 

  82. Loupy A, Sansoulet J, Pedoussaut M (1986) J Org Chem 51:740

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Le Ngoc T, Duong-Lieu H, Nguyen-Ba H, Radhakrishna AS, Singh BB, Loupy A (1993) Synth Commun 23:1379

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. Diez-Barra E, De la Hoz A, Diaz-Ortiz A, Prieto P (1992) Synlett 893

    Google Scholar 

  85. Diez-Barra E, De la Hoz A, Diaz-Ortiz A, Prieto P (1993) Synth Commun 23:1935

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. Diaz-Ortiz A, Prieto P, Loupy A, Abenhaïm D ( 1996) Tetrahedron Lett 37:1936

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. Loupy A, Luche JL (1997) In: Handbook of phase transfer catalysis, Chapman and Hall, London, chap 11, p 369

    Google Scholar 

  88. Sasson Y, Weiss M, Loupy A, Bram G, Pardo C (1986) J Chem Soc Chem Commun 1250

    Google Scholar 

  89. Loupy A, Pardo C (1988) Synth Commun 18:1275

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Loupy A, Bram G, Sansoulet J, Vaziri-Zand F (1986) New J Chem 10:765

    Google Scholar 

  91. Oussaid A, Pentek E, Loupy A (1997) New J Chem 21:1339

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Kornblum N, Seltzer R, Haberfield P ( 1963) J Am Chem Soc 85:1148

    Article  Google Scholar 

  93. Matsumoto K (1980) Angew Chem 82:1046

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. Bram G, Sansoulet J, Galons H, Miocque M (1988) Synth Commun 18:367

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Mirza-Aghayan M, Etemad-Moghadam G, Zaparucha A, Berlan J, Loupy A, Koenig M (1995) Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 6:2643

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Loupy A, Sansoulet J, Zaparucha A, Mérienne C (1989) Tetrahedron Lett 30:333

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Loupy A, Zaparucha A (1993) Tetrahedron Lett 34:473

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Jones GB, Chapman BJ (1995) Synthesis 475

    Google Scholar 

  99. Conn RSE, Lovell AV, Karady S, Weinstock LM (1986) J Org Chem 51:4710

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Diez-Barra E, De la Hoz A, Merino S, Sanchez-Verdu P (1997) Tetrahedron Lett 38: 2359

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Diez-Barra E, De la Hoz A, Merino S, Sanchez-Verdu P (1997) In: Halpern ME (ed) Phase transfer catalysis, mechanism and syntheses. ACS Symposium Series 659, chap 14, p 181

    Google Scholar 

  102. Diez-Barra E, De la Hoz A, Merino S, Sanchez-Verdu P, Rodriguez A ( 1998) Tetrahedron 54:1835

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Van Eldick R, Hubbard CD (1997) In: Chemistry under extreme or non-classical conditions, Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  104. Loupy A (1993) Spectra Analyse 175:33

    Google Scholar 

  105. Abramovitch RA (1991) Org Prep Proc Int 23:685; Caddick S (1995) Tetrahedron 51:10403

    Article  Google Scholar 

  106. Jullien SC, Delmotte M, Loupy A, Jullien H (1991) In: Microwaves and high frequencies, International Congress, Nice (France) 8–10 October, p 654

    Google Scholar 

  107. Stuerga D, Gaillard P ( 1996) Tetrahedron 52:5505

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Lewis DA, Summers JD, Ward TC, Mc Grath JE (1992) J Polym Sci A 30:1647

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Binner JGP,H assine NA, Cross TE (1995) J Mater Sci 30:5389

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Gedye R, Smith F, Westaway K, Ali H, Baldisera L, Laberge L,R ousell J ( 1986) Tetrahedron Lett 27:279

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Giguere RJ, Bray TL, Duncan SM, Majetich G (1986) Tetrahedron Lett 27:4945

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Loupy A, Petit A, Hamelin J, Texier-Boullet F, Jacquault P, Mathé D ( 1998) Synthesis, 1213

    Google Scholar 

  113. Villemin D, Thibault-Starzyk F (1991) J Chem Educ 346

    Google Scholar 

  114. Jacquault P (1992) EU Patent 545995 AI Prolabo Co

    Google Scholar 

  115. Guttierez E, Loupy A, Bram G, Ruiz-Hitzky E (1989) Tetrahedron Lett 30:945

    Article  Google Scholar 

  116. Trehan IR, Brar JS, Arora AK, Kad GL ( 1997) J Chem Educ 74:324

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Singh J, Kaur J, Nayyar S, Kad GL ( 1998) J Chem Res S 280

    Google Scholar 

  118. Perez ER, Marrerro AL, Perez R, Autié MA (1995) Tetrahedron Lett 36:1779

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Acosta A, De la Cruz P, De Miguel P, Diez-Barra A, De la Hoz A, Langa F, Loupy A, Majdoub M, Martin N, Sanchez C, Seoane C (1995) Tetrahedron Lett 36:2165

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Csiba M, Cléophax J, Loupy A, Malthête J, Gero S ( 1993) Tetrahedron Lett 34:1787

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Bram G, Loupy A, Majdoub M, Gutierrez E, Ruiz-Hitzky E ( 1990) Tetrahedron 46:5167

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Van den Eynde JJ, Fromont D ( 1997) Bull Soc Chim Belg 106:393

    Google Scholar 

  123. Ranu BC, Saha M, Bhar S (1997) Synth Commun 27:621

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Michaud D, Texier-Boullet F, Hamelin J (1997) Tetrahedron Lett 38:7563

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Varma VS, Chatterjee AK, Varma M (1993) Tetrahedron Lett 34:4603

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Varma VS, Lamture JB, Varma M (1993) Tetrahedron Lett 34:3029

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Varma VS, Chatterjee AK, Varma M (1993) Tetrahedron Lett 34:3207

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Oussaid A, Loupy A (1997) J Chem Res S 342

    Google Scholar 

  129. Benhaliliba H, Derchour A, Bazureau JP, Texier-Boullet F, Hamelin J (1998) Tetrahedron Lett 39:541

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Suarez M, Loupy A, Perez E, Moran T, Gerona G, Morales A, Autié M (1996) Heterocyclic Commun 2:275

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Cotterill IC, Usyatinsky AY, Arnold JM, Clark DS, Dordick JS, Michels PC, Khmelnitsky YL (1998) Tetrahedron Lett 39:1117

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Villemin D, Ben Alloum A (1990) Synth Commun 20:3325

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Villemin D, Ben Alloum A, Thibault-Starzyk (1992) Synth Commun 22:1359

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Bougrin K, Soufiaoui M, Loupy A, Jacquault P ( 1995) New J Chem 19:213

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Limousin C, Cléophax J, Petit A, Loupy A, Lukacs G (1997) J Carbohydr Res 16:327

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Abenhaïm D, Loupy A, Mahieu C, Séméria D ( 1994) ) Synth Commun 24:1809

    Article  Google Scholar 

  137. Jiang Y, Wang Y, Deng R, Mi A (1997) In: Halpern ME (ed) Phase transfer catalysis,mechanisms and syntheses. ACS Symposium Series 659, chap 16, p 203

    Google Scholar 

  138. Loupy A, Pigeon P, Ramdani M (1996) Tetrahedron 52:6705

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Loupy A, Petit A, Ramdani M, Yvanaeff C, Majdoub M, Labiad B, Villemin D (1993) Can J Chem 71:90

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Abenhaïm D, Loupy A, Ngoc Son CP, Nguyen Ba H ( 1994) Synth Commun 24:1199

    Article  Google Scholar 

  141. Loupy A, Pigeon P, Ramdani M, Jacquault P ( 1994) Synth Commun 24:159

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Lewis DA (1992) Mat Res Soc Symp Proc 269:21

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Barnier JP, Loupy A, Pigeon P, Ramdani M, Jacquault P (1993) J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 397

    Article  Google Scholar 

  144. Bogdal D, Pielichowski J, Boron A (1996) Synlett 873

    Google Scholar 

  145. Bogdal D, Pielichowski J, Jaskot K (1997) Heterocycles 45:715

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Oussaid A, Le Ngoc T, Loupy A (1997) Tetrahedron Lett 38:2451

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Diez-Barra E, Abenhaïm D, De la Hoz A, Loupy A, Sanchez-Migallon A (1994) Heterocycles 38:793

    Google Scholar 

  148. Jaisinghani HG, Khadilkar BM (1997) Tetrahedron Lett 39:6875

    Article  Google Scholar 

  149. Borah HN, Boruah RC, Sandhu JS (1998) J Chem Res S 272

    Google Scholar 

  150. Loupy A, Petit A, Bonnet-Delpon D (1995) J Fluorine Chem 75:215

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Boruah B, Prajapati D, Boruah A, Sandhu JS (1997) Synth Commun 27:2563

    Article  Google Scholar 

  152. Diez-Barra E, De la Hoz A, Carrillo-Munoz JR, Diaz-Ortiz A, Gomez-Escalonilla MJ, Moreno A, Langa F (1996) Tetrahedron 52:9237

    Article  Google Scholar 

  153. Bortolussi M, Bloch R, Loupy A (1998) J Chem Res S 34

    Google Scholar 

  154. Guibé-Jampel E, Rousseau G (1987) Tetrahedron Lett 28:3563

    Article  Google Scholar 

  155. Carrillo-Munoz JR, Bouvet D, Guibé-Jampel E, Loupy A, Petit A (1996) J Org Chem 61:7746

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Chemat F, Poux M, Berlan J ( 1994) J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 2 2597

    Google Scholar 

  157. Porcelli M, Cacciapuoti G, Fusco S, Massa R, d’Ambrosio G, Bertoldo C, De Rosa M, Zappia V (1997) FEBS Lett 402:102

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. Gelo-Pujic M, Guibé-Jampel E, Loupy A, Galema SA, Mathé D ( 1996) J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 2777

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire des Réactions Sélectives sur Supports - CNRS UMR 8615, Paris-South University, Building 410, 91405, Orsay-Cédex, France

    André Loupy

Authors
  1. André Loupy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Organische Chemie, Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München, Butenanderstr. 5 - 13, D-81377, München, Germany

    Paul Knochel

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1999 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Loupy, A. (1999). Solvent-free Reactions. In: Knochel, P. (eds) Modern Solvents in Organic Synthesis. Topics in Current Chemistry, vol 206. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48664-X_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48664-X_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-66213-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-48664-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation