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Spirochete Biology: The Post Genomic Era pp 163–187Cite as

Interaction of Leptospira with the Innate Immune System

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Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 415))

Abstract

Innate immunity encompasses immediate host responses that detect and respond to microbes. Besides recognition by the complement system (see the chapter by A. Barbosa, this volume), innate immunity concerns cellular responses. These are triggered through recognition of conserved microbial components (called MAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), leading, through secretion of cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, and immune mediators, to cellular recruitment and phagocytosis. Leptospira spp. are successful zoonotic pathogenic bacteria that obviously overcome the immune system of their hosts. The first part of this chapter summarizes what is known about leptospires recognition and interaction with phagocytes and other innate immune cells, and the second part describes specific interactions of leptospiral MAMPs with PRRs from the TLR and NLR families. On the one hand, pathogenic leptospires appear to escape macrophage and neutrophil phagocytosis. On the other hand, studies about PRR sensing of leptospires remain very limited, but suggest that pathogenic leptospires escape some of the PRRs in a host-specific manner, due to peculiar cell wall specificities or post-translational modifications that may impair their recognition. Further studies are necessary to clarify the mechanisms and consequences of leptospiral escape on phagocytic functions and hopefully give clues to potential therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring the defective activation of PRRs by pathogenic Leptospira spp.

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Abbreviations

BMM:

Bone marrow-derived macrophages

GLP:

Glycolipoprotein

Ig:

Immunoglobulins

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

LRR:

Leucine reach repeat

MAMP:

Microbe-associated molecular patterns

Na/K-ATPase:

Potassium pump

NLR:

NOD-like receptor

PBMC:

Peripheral blood mononuclear cell

PRR:

Pattern recognition receptor

TLR:

Toll-like receptor

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Acknowledgements

We thank Richard Wheeler for English editing and Ignacio Santecchia for the illustration, using resources from Servier Medical Art (www.servier.com).

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  1. Unité Biologie et Génétique de La Paroi Bactérienne, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France

    Catherine Werts

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  1. Catherine Werts
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Correspondence to Catherine Werts .

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  1. Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia

    Ben Adler

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Werts, C. (2017). Interaction of Leptospira with the Innate Immune System. In: Adler, B. (eds) Spirochete Biology: The Post Genomic Era. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 415. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2017_46

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