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From Genes to Networks: The Regulatory Circuitry Controlling Candida albicans Morphogenesis

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Fungal Physiology and Immunopathogenesis

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 422))

Abstract

Candida albicans is a commensal yeast of most healthy individuals, but also one of the most prevalent human fungal pathogens. During adaptation to the mammalian host, C. albicans encounters different niches where it is exposed to several types of stress, including oxidative, nitrosative (e.g., immune system), osmotic (e.g., kidney and oral cavity) stresses and pH variation (e.g., gastrointestinal (GI) tract and vagina). C. albicans has developed the capacity to respond to the environmental changes by modifying its morphology, which comprises the yeast-to-hypha transition, white-opaque switching, and chlamydospore formation. The yeast-to-hypha transition has been very well characterized and was shown to be modulated by several external stimuli that mimic the host environment. For instance, temperature above 37 ℃, serum, alkaline pH, and CO2 concentration are all reported to enhance filamentation. The transition is characterized by the activation of an intricate regulatory network of signaling pathways, involving many transcription factors. The regulatory pathways that control either the stress response or morphogenesis are required for full virulence and promote survival of C. albicans in the host. Many of these transcriptional circuitries have been characterized, highlighting the complexity and the interconnections between the different pathways. Here, we present the major signaling pathways and the main transcription factors involved in the yeast-to-hypha transition. Furthermore, we describe the role of heat shock transcription factors in the morphogenetic transition, providing an edifying example of the complex cross talk between pathways involved in morphogenesis and stress response.

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Acknowledgements

This work has been supported by grants from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CANDIHUB, ANR-14-CE-0018), the French Government’s Investissement d’Avenir program (Laboratoire d’Excellence Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases, ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), the European Commission (FinSysB PITN-GA-2008-214004), and the Wellcome Trust (The Candida albicans ORFeome project, WT088858MA). S.Z. is an Institut Pasteur International Network Affiliate Program Fellow. S.Z. was the recipient of postdoctoral fellowships from the European Commission (FINSysB, PITN-GA-2008-214004), the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (KANJI, ANR-08-MIE-033-01), and the French Government’s Investissement d’Avenir program (Institut de Recherche Technologique BIOASTER, ANR-10-AIRT-03). V.B. was supported by a grant from the Pasteur-Paris University (PPU) International PhD program and the “Fondation Daniel et Nina Carasso.”

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  1. Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Institut Pasteur, INRA, 25 Rue Du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France

    Virginia Basso, Christophe d’Enfert, Sadri Znaidi & Sophie Bachellier-Bassi

  2. Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Cellule Pasteur, 25 Rue Du Docteur Roux, Paris, France

    Virginia Basso

  3. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Virginia Basso

  4. Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Moléculaire, Vaccinologie et Développement Biotechnologique, 13 Place Pasteur, 1002, Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia

    Sadri Znaidi

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    Marcio L. Rodrigues

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Basso, V., d’Enfert, C., Znaidi, S., Bachellier-Bassi, S. (2018). From Genes to Networks: The Regulatory Circuitry Controlling Candida albicans Morphogenesis. In: Rodrigues, M. (eds) Fungal Physiology and Immunopathogenesis . Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 422. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2018_144

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