Vitamin D3 intake and sunlight exposure have a protective effect against colorectal cancer (CRC) and other neoplasias. In line with epidemiological data, the most active metabolite of vitamin D3,1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, [1α,25(OH)2D3] has antiproliferative, prodifferentiation and proapoptotic effects on cultured human colon cancer cells and antitumoral action in colon cancer mouse models. Intense research is ongoing to identify 1α,25(OH)2D3 target genes and the mechanisms responsible for its antitumoral actions, as well as to define treatments based on 1α,25(OH)2D3 analogs for clinical use. However, colon cancer cells can develop resistance to 1α,25(OH)2D3 action due to aberrant expression of the enzymes responsible for its synthesis and catabolism or to the down-regulation of vitamin D receptor, a ligand-regulated transcription factor that mediates most 1α,25(OH)2D3 actions.
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Larriba, M.J., Valle, N., Álvarez, S., Muñoz, A. (2008). Vitamin D3 and Colorectal Cancer. In: Li, J.J., Li, S.A., Mohla, S., Rochefort, H., Maudelonde, T. (eds) Hormonal Carcinogenesis V. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 617. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-69080-3_25
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