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Endotoxin Tolerance: Mechanisms and Clinical Applicability

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Intensive Care Medicine

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Abstract

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a glycolipid that constitutes the major portion of the outermost membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. LPS is considered one of the most powerful microbial stimulants of immune and non-immune cells. The immune system responds to LPS with a systemic production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10, primarily aimed to eliminate invading pathogens and subsequently curtail the immune response. Although pro-inflammatory cytokines are indispensable for the control of the growth and dissemination of the pathogen, excessive release of these cytokines, together with LPS-induced effects on endothelial cells, results in the clinical syndrome of septic shock and multiple organ failure.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Intensive Care, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, Netherlands

    A. Draisma, J. G. van der Hoeven & P. Pickkers

Authors
  1. A. Draisma
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  2. J. G. van der Hoeven
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  3. P. Pickkers
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Intensive Care Erasme Hospital, Universitée libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium

    Jean-Louis Vincent (Head) (Head)

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© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Draisma, A., van der Hoeven, J.G., Pickkers, P. (2009). Endotoxin Tolerance: Mechanisms and Clinical Applicability. In: Vincent, JL. (eds) Intensive Care Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92278-2_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92278-2_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-387-92277-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-387-92278-2

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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