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Biomarkers in Parkinson’s Disease

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Neurodegenerative Diseases Biomarkers

Part of the book series: Neuromethods ((NM,volume 173))

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, with a documented significant increase in its prevalence in the past three decades. Both environmental and genetic factors contribute to the pathophysiology of this disorder. The diagnosis relies mainly on clinical findings, and currently, there is no reliable and trustworthy method of early identification of PD except for genetic testing limited to rare cases of monogenic forms of the disease. Current scientific research is focused on the identification of new diagnostic criteria and new disease biomarkers, allowing correct and timely diagnosis. Various types of potential PD biomarkers have been tested, including clinical, imaging, pathological, biochemical, and genetic, but none of them can be considered excellent or even satisfactory. However, several recent developments raise hope that early diagnosis of PD will be possible in the near future. The finding of reliable PD biomarkers may happen due to the successes in the field of neuroimaging, including positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission CT (SPECT), novel MRI techniques, as well as a result of the progress of new biochemical methods. Examples of these methods include aggregated α-synuclein measurements by real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC), protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA), and development of epigenetic-based biomarkers. Besides, a combination of biomarkers looks very promising to maximize their utility and ensure an accurate diagnosis of premotor or early-stage PD. Our goal here is to provide the reader with new developments in biomarkers suitable for early PD identification and to highlight the advantages and limitations of an existing individual biomarker and their combination.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the Veterans Affairs grants I01BX000361 and the Glaucoma Foundation grant QB42308.

Funding

Andrei Surguchov received research grants from VA Merit Review grant 1I01BX000361 and the Glaucoma Foundation grant QB42308.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA

    Andrei Surguchov

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  1. Andrei Surguchov
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Correspondence to Andrei Surguchov .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

    Philip V. Peplow

  2. Department of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA

    Bridget Martinez

  3. Department of Neurosurgery, George Washington University, West Chester, PA, USA

    Thomas A. Gennarelli

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Surguchov, A. (2022). Biomarkers in Parkinson’s Disease. In: Peplow, P.V., Martinez, B., Gennarelli, T.A. (eds) Neurodegenerative Diseases Biomarkers. Neuromethods, vol 173. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1712-0_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1712-0_7

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