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Fertility in Traditional Societies

  • Chapter
Natural Human Fertility

Part of the book series: Studies in Biology, Economy and Society ((SBES))

Abstract

This chapter is a preliminary attempt to characterise reproductive patterns in traditional, pre-industrial societies, including huntergatherers, tribal horticulturalists and pastoralists and settled peasant agriculturalists. Assertions about the level of fertility in such societies have played a key role in the development of theoretical models in demography and anthropology and, more recently, in reproductive biology. In classic demographic transition theory, for example, it was assumed that pre-transitional societies were characterised by uniformly high fertility rates, which provided the starting point for the recent secular decline in fertility (Knodel, 1977). Most ecological anthropologists, in contrast, have come to believe that many traditional societies, especially unacculturated hunter-gatherers, have regulated their reproductive output at relatively low levels (Dumond, 1975; Peacock, 1986). It has even been suggested that there occurred an earlier, stone-age demographic transition toward higher. birth and death rates associated with the emergence of settled village life during the Neolithic (Handwerker, 1983; Roth, 1985).1

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Authors
  1. Kenneth L. Campbell
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  2. James W. Wood
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. New Victoria Hospital, Kingston, UK

    Peter Diggory (Consultant Gynaecologist) (Consultant Gynaecologist)

  2. Family Health International, UK

    Malcolm Potts (President) (President)

  3. Medical Epidemiologist, UK

    Sue Teper

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© 1988 The Eugenics Society

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Campbell, K.L., Wood, J.W. (1988). Fertility in Traditional Societies. In: Diggory, P., Potts, M., Teper, S. (eds) Natural Human Fertility. Studies in Biology, Economy and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09961-0_4

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