Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Wetland Conservation: Economics and Ethics

  • Chapter
Economics, Growth and Sustainable Environments

Abstract

Richard Lecomber (1975, 1978) was one of a number of writers who have questioned the unidimensional economic efficiency approach to welfare measurement and economic growth so characteristic of the conventional (essentially neoclassical) economic doctrine. He supported the argument that welfare is a multidimensional concept which encompasses, among other variables, per capita gross domestic product, distributional equity and environmental quality. Social welfare (economic plus non-economic welfare) is, in principle, better represented by a vector profile and not a scalar. Nevertheless, in the absence of an unambiguous measure for welfare, the integration of environmental criteria (often unpriced) into the conventional planning and decision-making processes has proved to be a somewhat intractable politico-economic problem.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Attfield, R. (1983), The Ethics of Environmental Concern (Oxford: Basil Blackwell).

    Google Scholar 

  • Baird Callicott, J. (1980), Animal Liberation: A Triangular Affair, Environmental Ethics, vol. 2 (1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Barry, B. (1978), ‘Circumstances of Justice and Future Generations’, in R. I. Sikora and B. Barry (eds), Obligations to Future Generations (Philadelphia: Temple University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Barry, B. (1983), ‘Intergenerational Justice in Energy Policy’, in P. G. Brown and D. MacLean (eds), Energy and the Future (Totowa, New Jersey: Rowman & Littlefield).

    Google Scholar 

  • Batie, S. S. and C. C. Mabbs-Zeno (1985), ‘Opportunity Costs of Preserving Coastal Wetlands: A Case Study of a Recreational Housing Development’, Land Economics, vol. 61 (1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Batie, S. S. and L. A. Shabman (1982), ‘Estimating the Economic Value of Wetlands: Principles, Methods and Limitations’, Coastal Zone Management Journal, vol. 10 (3).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bishop, R. C. (1978), ‘Endangered Species and Uncertainty: The Economics of a Safe Minimum Standard’, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol. 60 (1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bishop, R. C. and T. A. Heberlein (1979), ‘Measuring Values of Extra Market Goods: Are Indirect Measures Biased?’, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol. 61 (5).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bishop, R. C, T. A. Heberlein and M. J. Kealy (1983), ‘Contingent Valuation of Environmental Assets: Comparisons with a Simulated Market’, Natural Resources Journal, vol. 23 (3).

    Google Scholar 

  • Black, J. (1970), The Dominion of Man: The Search for Ecological Responsibility (Edinburgh: John Black).

    Google Scholar 

  • Boulding, K. E. (1970), Economics as a Science (New York: McGraw-Hill).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowers, J. K. (1983), ‘Cost-benefit Analysis of Wetland Drainage’, Environment and Planning A, vol. 15 (2).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowers, J. K. and C. J. Black (1984), ‘The Level of Protection of U.K. Agriculture’, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, vol. 4 (4).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowers, J. K. and P. Cheshire (1983), Agriculture, The Countryside and Land Use: An Economic Critique (London: Methuen).

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyle, K. J., R. C Bishop and M. P. Welsh (1985), ‘Starting Point Bias in Contingent Valuation Bidding Games’, Land Economics, vol. 61 (2).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, T. C. (1984), ‘The Concept of Value in Resource Allocation’, Land Economics, vol. 60 (3).

    Google Scholar 

  • Care, N. S. (1982), ‘Future Generations, Public Policy and the Motivation Problem’, Environmental Ethics, vol. 4 (3).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ciriacy-Wantrup, S. V. (1968), Resource Conservation: Economics and Policies (Berkeley: University of California Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, S. R. L. (1983), ‘Gaia and the Forms of Life’, in R. Elliot and A. Gare (eds), Environmental Philosophy (St. Lucia: University of Queensland Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Clawson, M. (1980), ‘Wilderness as One of Many Land Uses’, Idaho Law Review, vol. 16 (3).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cowardin, L. M., V. Carter, F. C Golet and E. T. La Rue Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (FWS/OBS-79/31, Washington DC: US Fish and Wildlife Service).

    Google Scholar 

  • Desvousges, W. H., V. K. Smith and M. P. McGivney (1983), A Comparison of Alternative Approaches for Estimating Recreation and Related Benefits of Water Quality Improvements (Washington DC: US EPA, EPA-230-05-83-001).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ebenreck, S. (1983), ‘A Partnership Farmland Ethic’, Environmental Ethics, vol. 5 (1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Elliot, R. (1982), ‘Faking Nature’, Inquiry, vol. 25 (1). (For a further debate see D. Mannison, ‘Nature May Be of No Value’, Inquiry, vol. 26 (2) (1983): and R. Elliot, ‘The Value of Wild Nature’, Inquiry, vol. 26 (2) (1983).)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, A. C. and W. M. Hanemann (1985), ‘Endangered Species: The Economics of Irreversible Damage’, in N. Myers and N. S. Magaris (eds), Economics of Ecosystem Management (Dordrecht: Dr. W. Junk Publishers).

    Google Scholar 

  • Frankena, W. K. (1979), ‘Ethics and the Environment’, in K. E. Goodpaster and K. M. Sayre (eds), Ethics and Problems of the Twenty First Century (Notre Dame and London: University of Notre Dame Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, A. M. (1984), ‘The Quasi-Option Value of Irreversible Development’. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, vol. 11 (3).

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodpaster, K. E. (1979), ‘From Egoism to Environmentalism’, in K. E. Goodpaster and K. M. Sayre (eds), Ethics and Problems of the Twenty First Century (Notre Dame and London: University of Notre Dame Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenley, D. A., R. G. Walsh and R. A. Young (1981), ‘Option Value: Empirical Evidence From a Case Study of Recreation and Water Quality’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 95 (4).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hefferman, J. D. (1982), ‘The Land Ethic: A Critical Appraisal’. Environmental Ethics, vol. 4 (3).

    Google Scholar 

  • Howe, C. (1979), Natural Resource Economics (Chichester: John Wiley).

    Google Scholar 

  • International Union for the Conservation of Nature (1980), World Conservation Strategy (Geneva: International Union for the Conservation of Nature).

    Google Scholar 

  • Journal of the Limnological Society of Southern Africa (1983), Special Issue: Wetlands, vol. 9 (2).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kavka, G. (1978), ‘The Futurity Problem’, in R. I. Sikora and B. Barry (eds), Obligations to Future Generations (Philadelphia: Temple University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Krutilla, J. V. (1967), ‘Conservation Reconsidered’, American Economic Review, vol. 57 (3).

    Google Scholar 

  • Krutilla, J. V. and A. C. Fisher (1975), The Economics of Natural Environments (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lecomber, R. (1975), Economic Growth Versus the Environment (London: Macmillan).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lecomber, R. (1978), ‘Social Costs and the National Accounts’, in D. W. Pearce (ed.), The Valuation of Social Costs (London: Allen & Unwin).

    Google Scholar 

  • Leith, H. and R. H. Whittaker (1975), The Primary Production of the Biosphere (New York: Springer-Verlag).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Leopold, A. (1949), A Sand County Almanac (New York: Oxford University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Long, S. P. and C. F. Mason (1983), Saltmarsh Ecology (Glasgow and London: Blackie).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lovelock, J. E. (1979), Gaia: A New Look at Life on Earth (Oxford University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lutz, M. and K. Lux (1979), The Challenge of Humanistic Economics (New York: Benjamin Cummings).

    Google Scholar 

  • Maltby, E. and R. E. Turner (1983), ‘Wetlands of the World’, Geographical Magazine, vol. 55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mishan, E. J. (1982), ‘The New Controversy about the Rationale of Economic Evaluation’, Journal of Economic Issues, vol. 16 (1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, R. C and R. T. Carson (1985), ‘Option Value: Empirical Evidence from a Case Study of Recreation and Water Quality: Comment’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 99 (1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moss, B. (1983), ‘The Norfolk Broadland: Experiments in the Restoration of a Complex Wetland’, Biology Review, vol. 58 (4).

    Google Scholar 

  • Myers, N. (1983), A Wealth of Wild Species (Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Naess, A. (1973), ‘The Shallow and the Deep, Long-Range Ecology Movement: a Summary’, Inquiry, vol. 16 (1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Narveson, J. (1978), ‘Future People and Us’, in R. I. Sikora, and B. Barry (eds), Obligations to Future Generations (Philadelphia: Temple University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, R. W. and W. J. Logan (1984), ‘Policy on Wetland Impact Mitigation’, Environmental International, vol. 10 (1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Norton, B. G. (1982a), ‘Environmental Ethics and the Rights of Future Generations’, Environmental Ethics, vol. 4 (4).

    Google Scholar 

  • Norton, B. G. (1982b), ‘Environmental Ethics and Nonhuman Rights’, Environmental Ethics, vol. 4 (1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Norton, B. G. (1984), ‘Environmental Ethics and Weak Anthropocentrims’, Environmental Ethics, vol. 6 (2).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nozick, R. (1974), Anarchy, State, and Utopia (Oxford: Basil Blackwell).

    Google Scholar 

  • Odum, E. P. (1979), ‘The Value of Wetlands: a Hierarchical Approach’, in P. E. Greeson, P. E. Clark and J. R. Clark Wetland Functions and Values: The State of our Understanding (Minneapolis: American Water Resources Association).

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Riordan, T. and R. K. Turner (1983), An Annotated Reader in Environmental Planning and Management (Oxford: Pergamon).

    Google Scholar 

  • Page, T. (1977), Conservation and Efficiency (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Page, T. (1978), ‘A General View of Toxic Chemicals and Similar Risks’, Ecology Law Quarterly, vol. 7 (2).

    Google Scholar 

  • Page, T. (1983), ‘Intergenerational Justice as Opportunity’, in P. G. Brown and D. Maclean (eds), Energy and the Future (Totowa, New Jersey: Rowman Littlefield).

    Google Scholar 

  • Parfit, D. (1976), ‘Rights, Interests and Possible People’, in S. Gorovitz et al. (eds), Moral Problems in Medicine (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1976). (See also D. Parfit (1982) ‘Future Generations: Further Problems’, Philosophy and Public Affairs, vol. 11 (2) (1982)).

    Google Scholar 

  • Passmore, J. (1974), Man’s Responsibility for Nature (London: Duckworth).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearce, D. W. and R. K. Turner (1984), ‘The Economic Evaluation of Low and Non-Waste Technologies’, Resources and Conservation, vol. 11 (1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Penning-Rowsell, E. C and J. B. Chatterton (1984), ‘Gauging the Economic Viability of Agricultural Land Drainage Schemes’, Journal of the Institution of Water Engineering and Scientists, vol. 38 (2).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pluhar, E. B. (1983), ‘The Justification of an Environmental Ethic’, Environmental Ethic, vol. 5 (1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Porter, R. C (1982), ‘The New Approach to Wilderness Preservation through Benefit Cost Analysis’, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, vol. 9 (1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Race, M. S. (1985), ‘Critique of Present Wetlands Mitigation Policies in the United States Based on an Analysis of Past Restoration Projects in San Francisco Bay’, Environmental Management, vol. 9 (1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Race, M. S. and D. R. Christie (1982), ‘Coastal Zone Development: Mitigation, Marsh Creation and Decision-Making’, Environmental Management Journal, vol. 6 (4).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rawls, J. (1972), A Theory of Justice (Oxford University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Regan, T. (1981), ‘On the Nature and Possibility of an Environmental Ethic’, Environmental Ethics, vol. 3 (1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rendeli, Palmer and Tritton (1978), Yare Basin Flood Control Study, 3 vols (Southwark Street, London: Rendeli, Palmer and Tritton).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rendeli, Palmer and Tritton, Anglian Water’s Yare Basin Flood Control Project, Cost-Benefit Analysis (Southwark Street, London: Rendeli, Palmer and Tritton).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodman, J. (1977), ‘The Liberation of Nature’, Inquiry, vol. 20 (1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rolston, H. (1983), ‘Values Gone Wild’, Inquiry, vol. 26 (1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowe, R. D. and L. G. Chestnut (1983), ‘Valuing Environmental Commodities: Revisited’, Land Economics, vol. 59 (4).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sagoff, M. (1981), ‘Economic Theory and Environmental Law’, Michigan Law Review, vol. 79 (7).

    Google Scholar 

  • Seller, C, J. R. Stoll and J. Chavas (1985), ‘Validation of Empirical Measures of Welfare Change: A Comparison of Nonmarket Techniques’, Land Economics, vol. 61 (2).

    Google Scholar 

  • Shabman, L., S. Batie and C. Mabbs-Zeno (1979), ‘The Economics of Wetland Preservation in Virginia’, Journal of the North Eastern Agricultural Economics Council, vol. 8 (2).

    Google Scholar 

  • Shabman, L. and M. K. Bertelson (1979), ‘The Use of Development Value Estimates for Coastal Wetland Permit Decisions’, Land Economics, vol. 55 (2).

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon, J. (1982), ‘Are We Losing our Farmland?’, Public Interest, vol. 67 (Spring).

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon, J. and Kahn, H. (eds) (1984), Resourceful Earth (Oxford: Basil Blackwell).

    Google Scholar 

  • Singer, P. (1975), Animal Liberation (New York Review Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Singer, P. (1979), ‘Not for Humans Only: The Place of Nonhumans in Environmental Issues’, in K. E. Goodpaster and K. M. Sayes (eds), Ethics and Problems of the Twenty First Century (Notre Dame and London: University of Notre Dame Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, V. K., W. H. Desvousges and A. Fisher (1983), ‘Estimates of the Option Values for Water Quality Improvements’, Economic Letters, vol. 13 (2).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sterba, J. P. (1981), ‘The Welfare Rights of Distant People and Future Generations: Moral Side-Constraints on Social Policy’, Social Theory and Practice, vol. 7 (1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stone, C. D. (1974), Should Trees Have Standing? (Los Altro, California: William Kaufmann).

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, P. W. (1983), ‘In Defence of Biocentrism’, Environmental Ethics, vol. 5 (3).

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, R. K. (1983), An Economic Approach to Environmental Management: Incorporating A Review of Anglian Water’s Yare Basin Flood Control Study (Colegate, Norwich: Broads Authority).

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, R. K. (1985), ‘Land Evaluation: Financial, Economic and Ecological Approaches’, Soil Survey and Land Evaluation, vol. 5 (2).

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, R. K., D. Dent and R. D. Hey (1983), ‘Valuation of the Environmental Impact of Wetland Flood Protection and Drainage Schemes’, Environment and Planning A, vol. 15 (4).

    Google Scholar 

  • US Office of Technology Assessment, Wetlands their Use and Regulation (Washington DC: US Government Printing Office).

    Google Scholar 

  • Van, De Veer, D. (1979), ‘Interspecific Justice’, Inquiry, vol. 22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Veblen, T. (1899), The Theory of the Leisure Class (London: Macmillan).

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, R. G., J. B. Loomis and R. A. Gillman (1984), ‘Valuing Option, Existence and Bequest Demands for Wilderness’, Land Economics, vol. 60 (1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson, R. A. (1982), ‘Comment: Interests, Rights and Self-Consciousness’, Environmental Ethics, vol. 4 (3).

    Google Scholar 

  • Weisbrod, B. A. (1964), ‘Collective-Consumption Services of Individual-Consumption Goods’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 78 (3).

    Google Scholar 

  • Westman, W. E. (1985), Ecology, Impact Assessment, and Environmental Planning (Chichester: Wiley).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. R. Kerry Turner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Bath, UK

    David Collard (Professor of Economics) (Professor of Economics)

  2. University College, London, UK

    David Pearce (Professor of Economics) (Professor of Economics)

  3. University of Bristol, UK

    David Ulph (Professor of Economics) (Professor of Economics)

Copyright information

© 1988 David Collard, David Pearce, and David Ulph

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Turner, R.K. (1988). Wetland Conservation: Economics and Ethics. In: Collard, D., Pearce, D., Ulph, D. (eds) Economics, Growth and Sustainable Environments. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19014-0_9

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation