Abstract
Race and ethnicity provide the most striking example of a general failure among experts to anticipate social developments in varying types of societies. Until recently, there was considerable consensus among many Marxist and non-Marxist scholars that ethnicity reflected the conditions of traditional society, in which people lived in small communities isolated from one another and in which mass communications and transportation were limited. Many expected that industrialization, urbanization, and the spread of education would reduce ethnic consciousness, and that universalism would replace particularism. Marxists were certain that socialism would mean the end of the ethnic tension and consciousness that existed in pre-socialist societies. Non-Marxists sociologists in western countries assumed that industialization and modernization would do the same. Assimilation of minorities into a large integrated whole was viewed as the inevitable future.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Notes
Walker Connor, “Nation-building or Nation-destroying?” World Politics 24 (April 1972): 320.
Gunnar Nielsson, “States and ‘Nation-Groups’ a Global Taxonomy” in Edward A. Tiryakian and Ronald Rogowski, eds., New Nationalisms of the Developed West: Toward Explanation (Boston: Allen & Unwin, 1985), 35.
Jaroslav Krejci and Vitezslav Velimsky, Ethnic and Political Nations in Europe (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1981), 79.
Ted Robert Gurr, “Third World Minorities at Risk Since 1945” (Background paper prepared for the Conference on Conflict Resolution in Post-Cold War Third World, U.S. Institute of Peace, October 1990),
L. Kenneth Hubbell, “Political and Economic Discrimination in Sri Lanka” in Michael L. Wyzan, ed., The Political Economy of Ethnic Discrimination and Affirmative Action: A Comparative Perspective New York: Praeger, 1990
Larry Diamond, Juan J. Linz, and Seymour Martin Lipset, eds., Democracy in Developing Countries: Comparing Experiences with Democracy (Boulder, CO: Lynn Rienner, 1990).
Jyotirindra Das Gupta, “India: Democratic Becoming and Combined Development” in Diamond, Linz, and Lipset, eds., Politics in Developing Countries (Bouldese, Co: Lynn Rienner, 1990).
Frederick Barth, Ethnic Groups and Boundaries (Boston: Little, Brown, 1969).
Michael T. Hannan, “The Dynamics of Ethnic Boundaries in Modern States” in J, Meyer and M. T. Hannan, eds., National Development and the World System (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979), 253–275.
Susan Olzak and Joane Nagel, “Introduction” in Olzak and Nagel, eds., Competitive Ethnic Relations (Boston: Academic Press, 1986), 2. (Emphasis in original.)
Susan Olzak, “Ethnic Mobilization in Quebec,” Ethnic and Racial Studies 5 (July 1982): 253–297; Eric Leifer, “Competing Models of Political Mobilization: The Role of Ethnic Ties,” American Journal of Sociology 87 (July 1981): 23–47; Francois Nielsen, “The Flemish Movement in Belgium After World War II: A Dynamic Analysis,” American Sociological Review 45 (February 1980): 76–94; Charles Ragin, “Ethnic Political Mobilization: The Welsh Case,” American Sociological Review 44 (August 1979): 619–635.
Cynthia Enloe, “The Growth of the State and Ethnic Mobilization: The American Experience,” Ethnic and Racial Studies 4 (April 1981): 123–36; Joane Nagel, “The Political Construction of Ethnicity,” in Olzak and Nagel, eds., Competitive Ethnic Relations, 93–112.
Rita Jalali, “Preferential Policies and The Movement of The Disadvantaged: The Case of the scheduled Caste in India,” Ethnic and Racial Studies 16 (June 1993): 95–121.
Felix and Padilla, “Latino Ethnicity in the City of Chicago” in Olzak and Nagel, eds., Competitive Ethnic Relations, 153–172.
Enloe, “The Growth of the State,” 123–136; Espiritu, “The Census and Ethnic Enumeration: Playing the Numbers Game” (Paper presented at the 84th Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association, San Francisco, 9–13 August 1989).
William Petersen, “Politics and the Measurement of Ethnicity” in William Alonso and Paul Starr, eds., The Politics of Numbers (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1986), 187–234.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 1992 Academy of Political Science
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Jalali, R., Lipset, S.M. (1992). Racial and Ethnic Conflicts: A Global Perspective. In: Hughey, M.W. (eds) New Tribalisms. Main Trends of the Modern World. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26403-2_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26403-2_14
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-0-333-66666-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-349-26403-2
eBook Packages: Palgrave Social & Cultural Studies CollectionSocial Sciences (R0)