Abstract
Academic discussion on the immediate background to the Second World War has focused extensively on two key elements: the reemergence of German expansionism after Hitler’s rise to power in January 1933, and the response to it of the main European powers, France and Great Britain.
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Notes
P. M. H. Bell, The Origins of the Second World War in Europe (Longman, London and New York), 1996, pp. 296–7.
Ibid., pp. 298–300; M. Knox, ‘Il fascismo e la politica estera italiana’, in R. J. Bosworth and S. Romano (eds.), La politica estera italiana, 1860–1985 (Il Mulino, Bologna, 1991), p. 304.
A. J. P. Taylor, The Origins of the Second World War (Penguin, London, 1987), pp. 144–5.
R. De Felice, Mussolini il Duce, II: Lo stato totalitario, 1936–40 (Giulio Einaudi, Turin, 1981), pp. 359–79.
R. De Felice, Mussolini il Duce, I: Gli anni del consenso, 1929–36 (Giulio Einaudi, Turin, 1974), pp. 402–12;
H. James Burgwyn, ‘Grandi e il mondo teutonico: 1929–1932’, Storia Contemporanea, 19, 2 (1988), pp. 220–2.
G. Weinberg, The Foreign Policy of Hitler’s Germany. Volume I: Diplomatic Revolution in Europe, 1933–36 (University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1970), pp. 47–8, 264–5.
J. Petersen, ‘La politica estera del fascismo come problema storiografico’, Storia Contemporanea, 3, 4 (1972), p. 671;
G. Schreiber, ‘Political and Military Developments in the Mediterranean Area, 1939–40’, in W. Deist et al. (eds), Germany and the Second World War, Volume III: The Mediterranean, South-East Europe and North Africa, 1939–41 (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1995), pp. 110–11.
M. Knox, Mussolini Unleashed. Politics and Strategy in Fascist Italy’s Last War, 1939–41 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1988); Knox, ‘Il fascismo’;
B. R. Sullivan, ‘The Italian Armed Forces, 1918–40’, in A. R. Millett and W. Murray (eds), Military Effectiveness. Volume II: The Interwar Period (Allen and Unwin, Boston, 1988);
R. Mallett, The Italian Navy and Fascist Expansionism, 1935–40 (Frank Cass, London, 1998).
G. W. Baer, The Coming of the Italian-Ethiopian War (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1967), p. 35;
F. Catalano, L’economia italiana di guerra: la politica economico-finanziaria del Fascismo dalla guerra d’Etiopia alla caduta del regime, 1935–43 (Istituto Nazionale per la Storia, Milan, 1969), p. 7;
G. Rochat, Militari e politici nella preparazione della campagna d’Etiopia: studio e documenti, 1932–36 (Franco Angeli, Milan, 1971), p. 105.
A. Cassels, ‘Was There a Fascist Foreign Policy? Tradition and Novelty’, International History Review, 5, 2 (1983), p. 259.
D. Mack Smith, Mussolini’s Roman Empire (Longman, London, 1976), pp. 59–65.
R. Mori, Mussolini e la conquista dell’Etiopia (Felice le Monnier, Florence, 1978),p. 4.
Schreiber, ‘Political and Military Developments’, p. 351; J. Petersen, Hitler e Mussolini. La difficile alleanza (Laterza, Bari, 1975), p. 433.
G. Weinberg, The Foreign Policy of Hitler’s Germany. Volume II: Starting World War Two, 1937–39 (University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1980), p. 299.
R. Mallett, ‘The Anglo-Italian War Trade Negotiations, Contraband Control, and the Failure to Appease Mussolini, 1939–1940’, Diplomacy and Statecraft, 8, 1 (1997), pp. 137–67.
P. Pastorelli, ‘La politica estera italiana, 1936–39’, in Pastorelli, Dalla prima alla seconda guerra mondiale (LED, Milan, 1997), pp. 119–34.
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© 2003 Robert Mallett
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Mallett, R. (2003). Contrasting Interpretations of Mussolini and the Origins of the Second World War. In: Mussolini and the Origins of the Second World War, 1933–1940. The Making of the 20th Century. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4039-3774-2_1
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