Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Impact of Early Intervention in Schizophrenia

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Advances in Schizophrenia Research 2009

Abstract

Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders are serious and potentially fatal illnesses that typically emerge during the sensitive developmental period of adolescence and emerging adulthood. For over 100 years, these disorders have been viewed pessimistically, characterized by high levels of stigma and neglect. However, the last two decades have seen the rise of “the early intervention movement” that advocates rapid access to care and comprehensive treatment in the initial stages of disorder. The basis of this strategy is that the first few years of illness represent a “critical period” (Birchwood et al. 1989, 1998), during which treatment will be most effective and may prevent future deterioration and secondary morbidity. This chapter examines the impact of and evidence related to early intervention.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Access Economics. 2008. Cost Effectiveness of Early Intervention for Psychosis. Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Melbourne.

    Google Scholar 

  • Addington, J., E. Coldham, B. Jones, T. Ko, and D. Addington. 2003. The first episode of psychosis: The experience of relatives. Acta Psychiatr Scand 108:285–289.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Addington, J., A. McCleery, and D. Addington. 2005. Three year outcome of family work in an early psychosis program. Schizophr Res 79:107–116.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Amminger, G. P., M. R. Schaefer, K. Papageorgiou, J. Becker, N. Mossaheb, S. M. Harrigan, P. D. McGorry, and G. E. Berger. 2007. Omega-3 fatty acids reduce the risk of early transition to psychosis in ultra-high risk individuals: A double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled treatment study. Schizophr Bull 33:418–419.

    Google Scholar 

  • Angold, A., E. J. Costello, E. Farmer, B. J. Burns, and A. Erkanli. 1999. Impaired but undiagnosed. J Am Acad Child Adolescent Psychiatry 38:129–137.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bentall, R. P., and A. P. Morrison. 2002. More harm than good: The case against using anti-psychotic drugs to prevent severe mental illness. Journal of Mental Health 11:351–356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bertelsen, M., P. Jeppesen, L. Petersen, and et al. 2007. Suicidal behaviour and mortality in first-episode psychosis: The OPUS trial. Br J Psychiatry 191(Suppl. 51):s140–s146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Birchwood, M., J. Smith, F. Macmillan, B. Hogg, R. Prasad, C. Harvey, and S. Bering. 1989. Predicting relapse in schizophrenia: The development and implementation of an early signs monitoring system using patients and families as observers, a preliminary investigation. Psychol Med 19:649–656.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Birchwood, M., P. Todd, and C. Jackson. 1998. Early intervention in psychosis: The critical period hypothesis. Br J Psychiatry 172 (Suppl. 33):53–59.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cannon, T. D., K. Cadenhead, B. Cornblatt, S. W. Woods, J. Addington, E. Walker, L. J. Seidman, D. Perkins, M. Tsuang, T. McGlashan, and R. Heinssen. 2008. Prediction of psychosis in youth at high clinical risk: A multisite longitudinal study in North America. Arch Gen Psychiatry 65:28–37.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cassidy, E., S. Hill, and E. O’Callaghan. 2001. Efficacy of a psychoeducational intervention in improving relatives’ knowledge about schizophrenia and reducing rehospitalisation. Eur Psychiatry 16:446–450.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cornblatt, B., T. Lencz, C. Correll, A. Author, and C. Smith. 2002. Treating the prodrome: Naturalistic findings from the RAP program. Acta Psychiatr Scand 106:44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cornblatt, B. A., T. Lencz, and J. M. Kane. 2001. Treatment of the schizoporenia prodome: It is presently ethical? Schizophr Res 51:31–38.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cosgrave, E. M., A. R. Yung, E. J. Killackey, J. A. Buckby, K. A. Godfrey, C. A. Stanford, and P. D. McGorry. 2008. Met and unmet need in youth mental health. J Mental Health, 17(6):618–628.

    Google Scholar 

  • Craig, T. K. J., P. A. Garety, P. Power, N. Rahaman, S. Colbert, M. Fornells-Ambrojo, and G. Dunn. 2004. The Lambeth Early Onset (LEO) Team: Randomised controlled trial of the effectiveness of specialised care for early psychosis. Br Med J 329:1067.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cullberg, J., M. Mattsson, S. Levander, R. Holmqvist, L. Tomsmark, C. Elingfors, and I. M. Wieselgren. 2006. Treatment costs and clinical outcome for first episode schizophrenia patients: A 3-year follow-up of the Swedish ‘Parachute Project’ and two comparison groups. Acta Psychiatr Scand 114:274–281.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, D. J., and C. L. Schultz. 1998. Grief, parenting and schizophrenia. Soc Sci Med 46:369–379.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dyck, D. G., M. S. Hendryx, R. A. Short, W. D. Voss, and W. R. McFarlane. 2002 Service use among patients with schizophrenia in psychoeducational multiple family groups. Psychiatric Services 53:749–754.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, J., S. M. Francey, P. D. McGorry, and H. J. Jackson. 1994. Early psychosis prevention and intervention: Evolution of a comprehensive community-based specialised service. Behav Change 11:223–233.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, J., and P. D. McGorry. 2003. Implementing early intervention in psychosis: A guide to establishing early psychosis services. Aust NZ J Psychiatry 37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emsley, R., J. Rabinowitz, R. Medori, and Early Psychosis Global Working Group. 2007. Remission in early psychosis: Rates, prediction, and clinical and functional correlates. Schizophr Res 89:129–139.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Falloon, I., J. Boyd, and C. McGill. 1984. Family Care of Schizophrenia: A Problem Solving Approach to the Treatment of Mental Illness. Guilford Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garety, P. A., T. K. Craig, G. Dunn, M. Fornells-Ambrojo, S. Colbert, N. Rahaman, J. Read, and P. Power. 2006. Specialised care for early psychosis: Symptoms, social functioning and patient satisfaction: Randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry 188:37–45.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gross, G. 1989. The “basic” symptoms of schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 155(Suppl. 7):21–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hafner, H., K. Maurer, G. Trendler, W. a. d. Heiden, M. Schmidt, and R. Konnecke. 2005. Schizophrenia and depression: Challenging the paradigm of two separate diseases – A controlled study of schizophrenia, depression and healthy controls. Schizophr Res 77:11–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haroun, N., L. Dunn, A. Haroun, and K. Cadenhead. 2006. Risk and protection in prodromal schizophrenia: Ethical implications for clinical practice and future research. Schizophr Bull 32:166–178.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huber, G., and G. Gross. 1989 The concept of basic symptoms in schizophrenic and schizoaffective psychoses. Recenti Prog Med 80:646–652.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • iFEVR Group. 2008. Meaningful Lives: Supporting Young People with Psychosis in Education, Training and Employment. International First Episode Vocational Recovery Group; 2008.http://www.iris-initiative.org.uk), Melbourne.

  • International Early Psychosis Association J. Addington, G. P. Amminger, A. Barbato, S. Catts, E. Chen, S. Chhim, S. A. Chong, J. Cullberg, J. Edwards, L. Grosso, M. Louza, M. Hambrecht, M. Keshavan, J. O. Johannessen, D. L. Johnson, S. Lewis, J. Lieberman, W. MacEwan, A. Malla, R. May, T. H. McGlashan, P. McGorry, M. G. Merlo, M. Nordentoft, S. Nightingale, D. Perkins, R. Thara, K. Yamamoto, and A. Yung. 2005. International clinical practice guidelines for early psychosis. Br J Psychiatry 187:120–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jeppesen, P., L. Petersen, A. Thorup, et al. 2005. Integrated treatment of first-episode psychosis: Effect of treatment on family burden: OPUS trial. Br J Psychiatry 187(Suppl. 48):s85–s90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johannessen, J. O., T. K. Larsen, and I. Joa. 2005. Pathways to care for first-episode psychosis in an early detection healthcare sector: Part of the Scandinavian TIPS study. Br J Psychiatry 187(Suppl. 48):s24–s28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kahn, R. S., W. W. Fleischhacker, H. Boter, et. al. 2008. Effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in first-episode schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder: An open randomised clinical trial. Lancet 371:1085–1097.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Killackey, E. J., H. J. Jackson, J. Gleeson, I. B. Hickie, and P. D. McGorry. 2006. Exciting career opportunity beckons! early intervention and vocational rehabilitation in first episode psychosis: Employing cautious optimism. Aust NZ J Psychiatry 40:951–962.

    Google Scholar 

  • Killackey, E., H. J. Jackson, and P. D. McGorry. 2008. Vocational intervention in first-episode psychosis: A randomised controlled trial of individual placement and support versus treatment as usual. Br J Psychiatry 193:114–120.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klosterkotter, J. 1992. The meaning of basic symptoms for the development of schizophrenic psychoses. Neurology, Psychiatry and Brain Res 1:30–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klosterkotter, J., M. Birchwood, D. Linszen, R. Salokangas, S. Ruhrmann, G. Juckel, A. Morrison, S. Lewis, and H. Graf von Reventlow. 2005. Overview on the recruitment, sample characteristics, and distribution of inclusion criteria of the European Prediction of Psychosis Study (EPOS). Eur Psychiatry 20:48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klosterkotter, J., M. Hellmich, E. M. Steinmeyer, and F. Schultze-Lutter. 2001. Diagnosing schizophrenia in the initial prodromal phase. Arch Gen Psychiatry 58:158–164.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Larsen, T. K., I. Melle, S. Friis, I. Joa, J. O. Johannessen, S. Opjordsmoen, E. Simonsen, P. Vaglum, and T. H. McGlashan. 2007. One-year effect of changing duration of untreated psychosis in a single catchment area. Br J Psychiatry 51:s128–s132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lehman, A. F., and D. M. Steinwachs. 1998. Patterns of usual care for schizophrenia: Initial results from the schizophrenia patient outcomes research team (PORT) client survey. Schizophr Bull 24:11–20.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lieberman, J., D. Jody, S. Geisler, J. Alvir, A. Loebel, S. Szymanski, M. Woerner, and M. Borenstein. 1993. Time course and biologic correlates of treatment response in first-episode schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 50:369–376.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Loebel, A. D., J. A. Lieberman, J. M. Alvir, D. I. Mayerhoff, S. H. Geisler, and S. R. Szymanski. 1992. Duration of psychosis and outcome in first-episode schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 149:1183–1188.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Macmillan, F., and D. Shiers. 2000. The IRIS programme. In M. Birchwood, D. Fowler, and C. Jackson (eds.) Early Intervention in Psychosis: A Guide to Concepts, Evidence and Interventions, pp. 315–326. Wiley, Chichester.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, M., S. Lewis, A. Lockwood, R. Drake, P. Jones, and T. Croudace. 2005. Association between duration of untreated psychosis and outcome in cohorts of first-episode patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 62:975–983.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marwaha, S., and S. Johnson. 2004. Schizophrenia and employment: A review. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 39:337–349.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McFarlane, W. R. 2002. Multifamily Groups in the Treatment of Severe Psychiatric Disorders. Guilford Press, New York, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • McFarlane, W. R., and K. Cunningham. 1996. Multiple-family groups and psychoeducation: Creating therapeutic social networks. J.V. Vaccaro and G.H. Clark Jr. (eds.) Practicing Psychiatry in the Community: A Manual, pp. 387–406, xxii, 510 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGlashan, T. H. 1999. Duration of untreated psychosis in first episode schizophrenia: Marker or determinant of course. Biol Psychiatry 46:729–739.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGlashan, T. H., J. Addington, T. Cannon, M. Heinimaa, P. McGorry, M. O’Brien, D. Penn, D. Perkins, R. K. R. Salokangas, B. Walsh, S. W. Woods, and A. Yung. 2007. Recruitment and treatment practices for help-seeking “prodromal” patients. Schizophr Bull 33:715–726.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McGlashan, T. H., R. B. Zipursky, D. Perkins, J. Addington, T. J. Miller, S. W. Woods, K. A. Hawkins, R. Hoffman, S. Lindborg, M. Tohen, and A. Breier. 2003. The PRIME North America randomized double-blind clinical trial of olanzapine versus placebo in patients at risk of being prodromally symnptomatic for psychosis: I. Study rationale and design. Schizophr Res 61:7–18.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McGlashan, T. H., R. B. Zipursky, D. Perkins, J. Addington, T. Miller, S. W. Woods, K. A. Hawkins, R. E. Hoffman, A. Preda, I. Epstein, D. Addington, S. Lindborg, Q. Trzaskoma, M. Tohen, and A. Breier. 2006. Randomized, double-blind trial of olanzapine versus placebo in patients prodromally symptomatic for psychosis. Am J Psychiatry 163:790–799.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McGorry, P. D. 2007. Issues for DSM-V: Clinical staging: A heuristic pathway to valid nosology and safer, more effective treatment in psychiatry. Am J Psychiatry 164:859–860.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McGorry, P. D., E. Killackey, and A. R. Yung. 2008. Early intervention in psychosis: Concepts, evidence and future directions. World Psychiatry 7:148–156.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McGorry, P. D., R. Purcell, I. Hickie, A. R. Yung, C. Pantelis, and H. J. Jackson. 2007. Clinical staging: A heuristic model for psychiatry and youth mental health. Med J Aust 187:40–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGorry, P. D., and A. R. Yung. 2003. Early intervention in psychosis: An overdue reform. Aust NZ J Psychiatry 37:393–398.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGorry, P. D., A. R. Yung, and L. J. Phillips. 2003. The ‘close-in’ or ultra high risk model: A safe and effective strategy for research and clinical intervention in prepsycxhotic mental disorder. Schizophr Bull 29:771–790.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McGorry, P. D., A. R. Yung, L. J. Phillips, H. P. Yuen, S. Francey, E. M. Cosgrave, J. Bravin, S. Adlard, T. MacDonald, A. Blair, and H. Jackson. 2002. Randomized controlled trial of interventions designed to reduce the risk of progression to first episode psychosis in a clinical sample with subthreshold symptoms. Arch Gen Psychiatry 59:921–928.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Melle, I., T. K. Larsen, U. Haahr, S. Friis, J. O. Johannessen, S. Opjordsmoen, E. Simonsen, B. R. Rund, P. Vaglum, and T. McGlashan. 2004. Reducing the duration of untreated first-episode psychosis: Effects on clinical presentation. Arch Gen Psychiatry 61:143–150.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mihalopoulos, C., M. Harris, and L. Henry, et al. 2007. Are the short-term cost savings and benefits of an early psychosis program maintained at 8-year follow-up? Schizophr Bull 33:487.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mihalopoulos, C., P. D. McGorry, and R. C. Carter. 1999. Is phase-specific, community oriented treatment of early psychosis an economically viable method of improving outcome? Acta Psychiatr Scand 100:47–55.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morrison, A. P., P. French, S. Parker, M. Roberts, H. Stevens, R. P. Bentall, and S. W. Lewis. 2007. Three-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial of cognitive therapy for the prevention of psychosis in people at ultra high risk. Schizophr Bull 33:682–687.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morrison, A. P., P. French, L. Walford, S. W. Lewis, A. Kilcommons, J. Green, S. Parker, and R. P. Bentall. 2004. Cognitive therapy for the prevention of psychosis in people at ultra-high risk: Randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry 185:291–297.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mrazek, P. J., and R. J. Haggerty, eds. 1994. Reducing Risks for Mental Disorders: Frontiers for Preventive Intervention Research. National Academy Press, Washington DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Institute of Clinical Excellence. 2003. Schizophrenia: Full National Clinical Guideline on Core Interventions in Primary and Secondary Care. Gaskell and the British Psychological Society, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norman, R. M. G., and A. K. Malla. 2001. Duration of untreated psychosis: A critical examination of the concept and its importance. Psychol Med 31:381–400.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Olsen, K. A., and B. Rosenbaum. 2006. Prospective investigations of the prodromal state of schizophrenia: Review of studies. Acta Psychiatr Scand 113:247–272.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Perez-Iglesias, R., B. Crespo-Facorro, and O. Martinez-Garcia. 2008. Weight gain induced by haloperidol, risperidone and olanzapine after 1 year: Findings of a randomized clinical trial in a drug-naive population. Schizophr Res 99:13–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Perkins, D. O., H. Gu, and K. Boteva. 2005. Relationship between duration of untreated psychosis and outcome in first-episode schizophrenia: A critical review and meta-analysis. Am J Psychiatry 162:1785–1804.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Petersen, L., M. Nordentoft, P. Jeppesen, et al. 2005. Improving 1-year outcome in first-episode psychosis: OPUS trial. Br J Psychiatry 187(Suppl. 48):s98–s103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, L. J., P. D. McGorry, H. P. Yuen, J. Ward, K. Donovan, D. Kelly, S. M. Francey, and A. R. Yung. 2007. Medium term follow-up of a randomized controlled trial of interventions for young people at Ultra High Risk of psychosis. Schizophr Res 96:25–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pitschel-Walz, G., S. Leucht, J. Bauml, W. Kissling, and R. R. Engel. 2001. The effect of family interventions on relapse and rehospitalization in schizophrenia – a meta-analysis. Schizophr Bull 27:73–92.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Power, P., E. Iacoponi, N. Reynolds, H. Fisher, M. Russell, P. Garety, P. K. McGuire, and T. Craig. 2007a. The Lambeth Early Onset Crisis Assessment Team Study: General practitioner education and access to an early detection team in first-episode psychosis. . Br J Psychiatry 51: s133–s139.

    Google Scholar 

  • Power, P., P. McGuire, E. Iacoponi, P. Garety, E. Morris, L. Valmaggia, D. Grafton, and T. Craig. 2007b. Lambeth early onset (LEO) and outreach & support in south London (OASIS) service. Early Intervention in Psychiatry 1:97–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rinaldi, M., K. McNeil, M. Firn, M. Koletsi, R. Perkins, and S. P. Singh. 2004. What are the benefits of evidence-based supported employment for patients with first-episode psychosis? Psychiatric Bull 28:281–284.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, D., M. G. Woerner, J. M. Alvir, R. M. Bilder, G. Hinrichsen, and J. A. Lieberman. 2002. Predictors of medication discontinuation by patients with first episode schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Schizophr Res 57:209–219.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, D., M. G. Woerner, J. M. Alvir, S. Geisler, A. Koreen, B. B. Sheitman, M. Chakos, D. Mayerhoff, R. M. Bilder, R. Goldman, and J. A. Lieberman. 1999. Predictors of treatment response from a first episode of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Am J Psychiatry 156:544–549.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rosen, J. L., T. J. Miller, J. T. D’Andrea, T. H. McGlashan, and S. W. Woods. 2006. Comorbid diagnoses in patients meeting criteria for the schizophrenia prodrome. Schizophr Res 85(1–3) Jul 2006, 124–131.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists Clinical Practice Guidelines Team for the Treatment of Schizophrenia and Related Disorders. 2005. Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of schizophrenia and related disorders. Aust NZ J Psychiatry 39:1–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruhrmann, S., F. Schultze-Lutter, and J. Klosterkotter. 2003. Early detection and intervention in the initial prodromal phase of schizophrenia. Pharmacopsychiatry 36:S162–S167.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schley, C., V. Ryall, L. Crothers, S. Radovini, K. Fletcher, K. Marriage, S. Nudds, C. Groufsky, and H. P. Yuen. 2008. Early intervention with difficult to engage, ‘high-risk’ youth: Evaluating an intensive outreach approach in youth mental health. Early Intervention in Psychiatry 2:195–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schultze-Lutter, F., E. M. Steinmeyer, and J. Klosterkotter. in press. Early detection of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schultze-Lutter, F., A. Wieneke, H. Picker, Y. Rolff, E. M. Steinmeyer, S. Ruhrmann, and J. Klosterkoetter. 2004. The Schizophrenia Prediction Instrument, Adult Version (SPI-A). Schizophr Res 70/1S:76–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Secker, J., B. Grove, and P. Seebohm. 2001. Challenging barriers to employment, training and education for mental health service users: The service user’s perspective. J Mental Health 10:395–404.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Svirskis, T., J. Korkeila, M. Heinimaa, J. Huttunen, T. Ilonen, T. Ristkari, T. McGlashan, and R. K. Salokangas. 2005. Axis-I disorders and vulnerability to psychosis. Schizophr Res 75(2–3) Jun 2005:439–446.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tauscher-Wisniewski, S., and R. Zipursky. 2002. The role of maintenance pharmacotherapy in achieving recovery from a first episode of schizophrenia. Int Rev Psychiatry 14:284–292.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thorup, A., L. Petersen, P. Jeppesen, J. Ohlenschlaeger, T. Christensen, G. Krarup, P. Jorgensen, and M. Nordentoft. 2005. Integrated treatment ameliorates negative symptoms in first episode psychosis – results from the danish OPUS trial. Schizophr Res 79:95–105.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Warner, R. 2005. Problems with early and very early intervention in psychosis. Br J Psychiatry 48:s104–s107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yung, A. R., E. Killackey, S. Hetrick, A. G. Parker, F. Schultze-Lutter, J. Klosterkoetter, R. Purcell, and P. D. McGorry. 2007a. The prevention of schizophrenia. Int Rev Psychiatry 19:1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yung, A. R., and P. D. McGorry. 1996. The prodromal phase of first episode psychosis: Past and current conceptualisations. Schizophrenia Bull 22:353–370.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yung, A. R., P. D. McGorry, S. M. Francey, B. Nelson, K. Baker, L. J. Phillips, G. Berger, and G. P. Amminger. 2007b. PACE- A specialised service for young people at risk of psychotic disorders. Med J Aust 187:43–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yung, A. R., P. D. McGorry, C. A. McFarlane, H. J. Jackson, G. C. Patton, and A. Rakkar. 1996. Monitoring and care of young people at incipient risk of psychosis. Schizophr Bull 22:283–303.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yung, A. R., L. J. Phillips, and P. D. McGorry. 2004a. Treating Schizophrenia in the Prodromal Phase. Taylor and Francis, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yung, A. R., L. J. Phillips, H. P. Yuen, S. M. Francey, C. A. McFarlane, M. Hallgren, and P. D. McGorry. 2003. Psychosis prediction: 12-month follow up of a high-risk (“prodromal”) group. Schizophr Res 60:21–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yung, A. R., L. J. Phillips, H. P. Yuen, and P. D. McGorry. 2004b. Risk factors for psychosis in an ultra high-risk group: Psychopathology and clinical features. Schizophr Res 67:131–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yung, A. R., H. P. Yuen, P. D. McGorry, L. Phillips, D. Kelly, M. Dell’Olio, S. Francey, E. Cosgrave, E. Killackey, C. Stanford, K. Godfrey, and J. Buckby. 2005. Mapping the onset of psychosis – the Comprehensive Assessment of At Risk Mental States (CAARMS). Aust NZ J Psychiatry 39:964–971.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Orygen Youth Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

    Alison R. Yung

  2. Orygen Youth Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Eoin J. Killackey, Barnaby Nelson & Patrick D. McGorry

Authors
  1. Alison R. Yung
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Eoin J. Killackey
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Barnaby Nelson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Patrick D. McGorry
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alison R. Yung .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Fac. Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Ovídio Pires Campos 785, Sao Paulo, 05403-903, Brazil

    Wagner F. Gattaz

  2. Fac. Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Ovídio Pires Campos 785, Sao Paulo, 05403-903, Brazil

    Geraldo Busatto

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Yung, A.R., Killackey, E.J., Nelson, B., McGorry, P.D. (2010). The Impact of Early Intervention in Schizophrenia. In: Gattaz, W., Busatto, G. (eds) Advances in Schizophrenia Research 2009. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0913-8_16

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0913-8_16

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-0912-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-0913-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation