Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Low-Platinum-Content Electrocatalysts for Methanol and Ethanol Electrooxidation

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Electrocatalysis in Fuel Cells

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Energy ((LNEN,volume 9))

Abstract

Methanol and ethanol, having high energy density, likely production from renewable sources, and ease of storage and distribution, are ideal combustibles for fuel cells wherein their chemical energy can be converted directly into electrical energy. However, the slow, incomplete oxidation of methanol and ethanol on platinum-based anodes as well as the high price and limited reserves of platinum has hampered the practical application of direct alcohol fuel cells. Extensive research efforts have been dedicated to developing high-activity electrocatalysts. This chapter presents an overview of the recent progress in methanol and ethanol electrocatalysis on platinum-based materials, with special attention focused on the research effort to reduce platinum content.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Gosselink JW (2002) Pathways to a more sustainable production of energy: sustainable hydrogen—a research objective for Shell. Int J Hydrogen Energ 27:1125–1129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Aricò AS, Baglio V, Antonucci V (2009) Direct methanol fuel cells: history, status and perspectives. In: Liu H, Zhang J (eds) Electrocatalysis of direct methanol fuel cells. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

    Google Scholar 

  3. Lamy C, Leger J-M, Srinivasan S (2001) Direct methanol fuel cells—from a 20th century electrochemist’s dream to a 21st century emerging technology. In: Bockris JO’M (ed) Modern aspects of electrochemistry. Plenum, New York, NY

    Google Scholar 

  4. Lamy C, Coutanceau C, Leger J-M (2009) The direct ethanol fuel cell: a challenge to convert bioethanol cleanly into electric energy. In: Barbaro P, Bianchini C (eds) Catalysis for sustainable energy production. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

    Google Scholar 

  5. Batista EA, Hoster H, Iwasita T (2003) Analysis of FTIRS data and thermal effects during methanol oxidation on UHV-cleaned PtRu alloys. J Electroanal Chem 554–555:265–271

    Google Scholar 

  6. Camara GA, Iwasita T (2005) Parallel pathways of ethanol oxidation: the effect of ethanol concentration. J Electroanal Chem 578:315–321

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Wasmus S, Kuver A (1999) Methanol oxidation and direct methanol fuel cells: a selective review. J Electroanal Chem 461:14–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Iwasita T (2002) Electrocatalysis of methanol oxidation. Electrochim Acta 47:3663–3674

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Batista EA, Malpass GRP, Motheo AJ, Iwasita T (2004) New mechanistic aspects of methanol oxidation. J Electroanal Chem 571:273–282

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Vigier F, Rousseau S, Coutanceau C, Leger J-M, Lamy C (2006) Electrocatalysis for the direct alcohol fuel cell. Top Catal 40(1–4):111–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Lamy C, Belgsir EE, Leger J-M (2001) Electrocatalytic oxidation of aliphatic alcohols: application to the direct alcohol fuel cell (DAFC). J Appl Electrochem 31:799–809

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Jusys Z, Kaiser J, Behm RJ (2003) Methanol electrooxidation over Pt/C fuel cell catalysts: dependence of product yields on catalyst loading. Langmuir 19:6759–6769

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Wang H, Jusys Z, Behm RJ (2004) Ethanol electrooxidation on a carbon-supported Pt catalyst: reaction kinetics and product yields. J Phys Chem B 108:19413–19424

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Shao MH, Adzic RR (2005) Electrooxidation of ethanol on a Pt electrode in acid solutions: in situ ATR-SEIRAS study. Electrochim Acta 50:2415–2422

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Adzic RR, Tripkovic AV, O’Grady WE (1982) Structural effects in electrocatalysis. Nature 296:10–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Xia XH, Iwasita T, Ge F, Vielstich W (1996) Structural effects and reactivity in methanol oxidation on polycrystalline and single crystal platinum. Electrochim Acta 41:711–718

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Xia XH, Liess H-D, Iwasita T (1997) Early stages in the oxidation of ethanol at low-index single crystal platinum electrodes. J Electroanal Chem 437:233–240

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Lamy C, Leger J-M, Clavilier J, Parsons R (1983) Structural effects in electrocatalysis: a comparative study of the oxidation of CO, HCOOH, and CH3OH on single crystal Pt electrodes. J Electroanal Chem 150:71–77

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Morin M-C, Lamy C, Leger J-M, Vasquez J-L, Aldaz A (1990) Structural effects in electrocatalysis: oxidation of ethanol on platinum single crystal electrodes. Effect of pH. J Electroanal Chem 283:287–302

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Chang S-C, Leung L-W H, Weaver MJ (1990) Metal crystallinity effects in electrocatalysis as probed by real-time FTIR spectroscopy: electrooxidation of formic acid, methanol, and ethanol on ordered low-index platinum surfaces. J Phys Chem 94:6013–6021

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Colmati F, Tremiliosi-Filho G, Gonzalez ER, Berna A, Herrero E, Feliu JM (2008) Surface structure effects on the electrochemical oxidation of ethanol on platinum single crystal electrodes. Faraday Discuss 140:379–397

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Lai SCS, Lebedeva NP, Housmans THM, Koper MTM (2007) Mechanisms of carbon monoxide and methanol oxidation at single-crystal electrodes. Top Catal 46:320–333

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Housmans THM, Koper MTM (2003) Methanol oxidation on stepped Pt[n(111) × (110)] electrodes: a chronoamperometric study. J Phys Chem B 107:8557–8567

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Lai SCS, Koper MTM (2008) Electro-oxidation of ethanol and acetaldehyde on platinum single-crystal electrodes. Faraday Discuss 140:399–416

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Tripkovic AV, Popovic KD (1996) Oxidation of methanol on platinum single crystal stepped electrodes from [110] zone in acid solution. Electrochim Acta 41(15):2385–2394

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Colmati F, Tremiliosi-Filho G, Gonzalez ER, Berna A, Herrero E, Feliu JM (2009) The role of the steps in the cleavage of the C–C bond during ethanol oxidation on platinum electrodes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 11:9114–9123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Shin J, Tornquist WJ, Korzeniewski C, Hoaglund CS (1996) Elementary steps in the oxidation and dissociative chemisorptions of ethanol on smooth and stepped surface planes of platinum electrodes. Surf Sci 364:122–130

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Tarnowski DJ, Korzeniewski C (1997) Effects of surface step density on the electrochemical oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid. J Phys Chem B 101:253–258

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Park S, Xie Y, Weaver MJ (2002) Electrocatalytic pathways on carbon-supported platinum nanoparticles: comparison of particle-size-dependent rates of methanol, formic acid, and formaldehyde electrooxidation. Langmuir 18(15):5792–5798

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Arenz M, Mayrhofer KJJ, Stamenkovic V, Blizanac BB, Tomoyuki T, Ross PN, Markovic NM (2005) The effect of the particle size on the kinetics of CO electrooxidation on high surface area Pt catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 127(18):6819–6829

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Maillard F, Savinova ER, Stimming U (2007) CO monolayer oxidation on Pt nanoparticles: further insights into the particle size effects. J Electroanal Chem 599(2):221–232

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Tian N, Zhou Z-Y, Sun S-G, Ding Y, Wang ZL (2007) Synthesis of tetrahexahedral platinum nanocrystals with high-index facets and high electro-oxidation activity. Science 316:732–735

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Zhou ZY, Huang Z-Z, Chen D-J, Wang Q, Tian N, Sun S-G (2010) High-index faceted platinum nanocrystals supported on carbon black as highly efficient catalysts for ethanol electrooxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed 49(2):411–414

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Zhou W-P, Li M, Koenigsmann C, Ma C, Wong SS, Adzic RR (2011) Morphology-dependent activity of Pt nanocatalysts for ethanol oxidation in acidic media: nanowires versus nanoparticles. Electrochim Acta 56(27):9824–9830

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Liu H, Song C, Zhang L, Zhang J, Wang H, Wilkinson DP (2006) A review of anode catalysis in the direct methanol fuel cell. J Power Sources 155(2):95–110

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Antolini E (2007) Catalysts for direct ethanol fuel cells. J Power Sources 170:1–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Watanabe M, Motoo S (1975) Electrocatalysis by ad-atoms: Part II Enhancement of the oxidation of methanol on platinum by ruthenium ad-atoms. J Electroanal Chem 60:267–273

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Van Veen JAR, Frelink T, Visscher W (1995) On the role of Ru and Sn as promotors of methanol electro-oxidation over Pt. Surf Sci 335:353–360

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Del Colle V, Berna A, Tremiliosi-Filho G, Herrero E, Feliu JM (2008) Ethanol electrooxidation onto stepped surfaces modified by Ru deposition: electrochemical and spectroscopic studies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 10:3766–3773

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Souza-Garcia J, Herrero E, Feliu JM (2010) Breaking the C–C bond in the ethanol oxidation reaction on platinum electrodes: effect of steps and ruthenium adatoms. ChemPhysChem 11:1391–1394

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Wang H, Baltruschat H (2007) DEMS study on methanol oxidation at poly- and monocrystalline platinum electrodes: the effect of anion, temperature, surface structure, Ru adatom, and potential. J Phys Chem C 111(19):7038–7048

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Campbell SA, Parsons R (1992) Effect of Bi and Sn adatoms on formic acid and methanol oxidation at well defined platinum surfaces. J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 88:833–841

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Janssen MMP, Moolhuysen J (1976) Binary systems of platinum and a second metal as oxidation catalysts for methanol fuel cells. Electrochim Acta 21(11):869–878

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Kokkinidis G (1986) Underpotential deposition and electrocatalysis. J Electroanal Chem Interfacial Electrochem 201(2):217–236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Bittins-Cattaneo B, Iwasita T (1987) Electrocatalysis of methanol oxidation by adsorbed tin on platinum. J Electroanal Chem Interfacial Electrochem 238(1–2):151–161

    Google Scholar 

  46. Iwasita T, Hoster H, John-Anacker A, Lin WF, Vielstich W (2000) Methanol oxidation on PtRu electrodes: influence of surface structure and Pt − Ru atom distribution. Langmuir 16(2):522–529

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Hoster H, Iwasita T, Baumgärtner H, Vielstich W (2001) Pt–Ru model catalysts for anodic methanol oxidation: influence of structure and composition on the reactivity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 3:337–346

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Camara GA, Lima RBD, Iwasita T (2004) Catalysis of ethanol electrooxidation by PtRu: the influence of catalyst composition. Electrochem Commun 6(8):812–815

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Tsai M-C, Yeh T-K, Tsai C-H (2006) An improved electrodeposition technique for preparing platinum and platinum–ruthenium nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes directly grown on carbon cloth for methanol oxidation. Electrochem Commun 8(9):1445–1452

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Radmilovic V, Gasteiger HA, Ross PN (1995) Structure and chemical composition of a supported Pt–Ru electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation. J Catal 154(1):98–106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Yang B, Lu Q, Wang Y, Zhang L, Lu J, Liu P (2003) Simple and low-cost preparation method for highly dispersed PtRu/C catalysts. Chem Mater 15:3552–3557

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Guo JW, Zhao TS, Prabhuram J, Chen R, Wong CW (2005) Preparation and characterization of a PtRu/C nanocatalyst for direct methanol fuel cells. Electrochim Acta 51:754–763

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Bonnemann H, Brinkmann R, Kinge S, Ely TO, Armand M (2004) Chloride free Pt- and PtRu-nanoparticles stabilised by “Armand’s ligand” as precursors for fuel cell catalysts. Fuel Cells 4:289–296

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Park KC, Jang IY, Wongwiriyapan W, Morimoto S, Kim YJ, Jung YC, Toya T, Endo M (2010) Carbon-supported Pt–Ru nanoparticles prepared in glyoxylate-reduction system promoting precursor–support interaction. J Mater Chem 20:5345–5354

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Liu Y, Qiu X, Chen Z, Zhu W (2002) A new supported catalyst for methanol oxidation prepared by a reverse micelles method. Electrochem Commun 4:550–553

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Solla-Gullon J, Vidal-Iglesias FJ, Montiel V, Aldaz A (2004) Electrochemical characterization of platinum–ruthenium nanoparticles prepared by water-in-oil microemulsion. Electrochim Acta 49:5079–5088

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Xiong L, Manthiram A (2005) Catalytic activity of Pt–Ru alloys synthesized by a microemulsion method in direct methanol fuel cells. Solid State Ionics 176:385–392

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Dinh HN, Ren X, Garzon FH, Zelenay P, Gottesfeld S (2000) Electrocatalysis in direct methanol fuel cells: in-situ probing of PtRu anode catalyst surfaces. J Electroanal Chem 491:222–233

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Dubau L, Coutanceau C, Garnier E, Leger J-M, Lamy C (2003) Electrooxidation of methanol at platinum–ruthenium catalysts prepared from colloidal precursors: atomic composition and temperature effects. J Appl Electrochem 33:419–429

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Rolison DR, Hagans PL, Swider KE, Long JW (1999) Role of hydrous ruthenium oxide in Pt − Ru direct methanol fuel cell anode electrocatalysts: the importance of mixed electron/proton conductivity. Langmuir 15(3):774–779

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Gurau B, Viswanathan R, Liu R, Lafrenz TJ, Ley KL, Smotkin ES, Reddington E, Sapienza A, Chan BC, Mallouk TE, Sarangapani S (1998) Structural and electrochemical characterization of binary, ternary, and quaternary platinum alloy catalysts for methanol electro-oxidation. J Phys Chem B 102:9997–10003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Morimoto Y, Yeager EB (1998) Comparison of methanol oxidations on Pt, PtRu and PtSn electrodes. J Electroanal Chem 444:95–100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Long JW, Stroud RM, Swider-Lyons KE, Rolison DR (2000) How to make electrocatalysts more active for direct methanol oxidation—avoid PtRu bimetallic alloys! J Phys Chem B 104:9772–9776

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Cao L, Scheiba F, Roth C, Schweiger F, Cremers C, Stimming U, Fuess H, Chen L, Zhu W, Qiu X (2006) Novel nanocomposite Pt/RuO2·xH2O/carbon nanotube catalysts for direct methanol fuel cells. Angew Chem Int Ed 45:5315–5319

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Suffredinia HB, Tricolib V, Avacaa LA, Vatistasb N (2004) Sol–gel method to prepare active Pt–RuO2 coatings on carbon powder for methanol oxidation. Electrochem Commun 6(10):1025–1028

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Chrzanowski W, Wieckowski A (1997) Ultrathin films of ruthenium on low index platinum single crystal surfaces: an electrochemical study. Langmuir 13:5974–5978

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Suffredini HB, Tricoli V, Vatistas N, Avaca LA (2006) Electro-oxidation of methanol and ethanol using a Pt–RuO2/C composite prepared by the sol–gel technique and supported on boron-doped diamond. J Power Sources 158(1):124–128

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Jiang L, Colmenaresa L, Jusysa Z, Sunb GQ, Behma RJ (2007) Ethanol electrooxidation on novel carbon supported Pt/SnOx/C catalysts with varied Pt:Sn ratio. Electrochim Acta 53:377–389

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Zhou WP, Axnanda S, White MG, Adzic RR, Hrbek J (2011) Enhancement in ethanol electrooxidation by SnOx nanoislands grown on Pt(111): effect of metal oxide-metal interface sites. J Phys Chem C 115:16467–16473

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Casado-Rivera E, Volpe DJ, Alden L, Lind C, Downie C, Va´zquez-Alvarez T, Angelo ACD, DiSalvo FJ, Abruna HD (2003) Electrocatalytic activity of ordered intermetallic phases for fuel cell applications. J Am Chem Soc 126:4043–4049

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Guo S, Dong S, Wang E (2010) Three-dimensional Pt-on-Pd bimetallic nanodendrites supported on graphene nanosheet: facile synthesis and used as an advanced nanoelectrocatalyst for methanol oxidation. ACS Nano 4(1):L547–555

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Guo S, Fang Y, Dong S, Wang E (2007) High-efficiency and low-cost hybrid nanomaterial as enhancing electrocatalyst: spongelike Au/Pt core/shell nanomaterial with hollow cavity. J Phys Chem C 111(45):17104–17109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Wang H, Xu C, Cheng F, Zhang M, Wang S, Jiang SP (2008) Pd/Pt core-shell nanowire arrays as highly effective electrocatalysts for methanol electrooxidation in direct methanol fuel cells. Electrochem Commun 10(10):1575–1578

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Zeng J, Yang J, Lee JY, Zhou W (2006) Preparation of carbon-supported core-shell Au–Pt nanoparticles for methanol oxidation reaction: the promotional effect of the Au core. J Phys Chem B 110:24606–24611

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Chrzanowski W, Kim H, Wieckowski A (1998) Enhancement in methanol oxidation by spontaneously deposited ruthenium on low-index platinum electrodes. Catal Lett 50:69–75

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Chen CH, Sarma LS, Wang DY, Lai FJ, Al Andra CC, Chang SH, Liu DG, Chen CC, Lee JF, Hwang BJ (2010) Platinum-decorated ruthenium nanoparticles for enhanced methanol electrooxidation. ChemCatChem 2:159–166

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Sasaki K, Adzic RR (2008) Monolayer-level Ru- and NbO2-supported platinum electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation. J Electrochem Soc 105:B180–B186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Dong L, Gari RRS, Li Z, Craig MM, Hou S (2010) Graphene-supported platinum and platinum–ruthenium nanoparticles with high electrocatalytic activity for methanol and ethanol oxidation. Carbon 48(3):781–787

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Fujiwara N, Friedrich KA, Stimming U (1999) Ethanol oxidation on PtRu electrodes studied by differential electrochemical mass spectrometry. J Electroanal Chem 472(2):120–125

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Tanaka S, Umeda M, Ojima H, Usui Y, Kimura O, Uchida I (2005) Preparation and evaluation of a multi-component catalyst by using a co-sputtering system for anodic oxidation of ethanol. J Power Sources 152:34–39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Wang Z, Yin G, Zhang J, Sun Y, Shi P (2006) Co-catalytic effect of Ni in the methanol electro-oxidation on Pt–Ru/C catalyst for direct methanol fuel cell. Electrochim Acta 51: 5691–5697

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. Park KW, Choi JH, Kwon BK, Lee SA, Sung YE, Ha HY, Hong SA, Kim HS, Wieckowski A (2002) Chemical and electronic effects of Ni in Pt/Ni and Pt/Ru/Ni alloy nanoparticles in methanol electrooxidation. J Phys Chem B 106:1869–1877

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. Oliveira Neto A, Franco EG, Arico E, Linardi M, Gonzalez ER (2003) Electro-oxidation of methanol and ethanol on Pt–Ru/C and Pt–Ru–Mo/C electrocatalysts prepared by Bönnemann’s method. J Eur Ceram Soc 23:2987–2992

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. Li G, Pickup PG (2006) The promoting effect of Pb on carbon supported Pt and Pt/Ru catalysts for electro-oxidation of ethanol. Electrochim Acta 52:1033–1037

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Calegaro ML, Suffredini HB, Machado SAS, Avaca LA (2006) Preparation, characterization and utilization of a new electrocatalyst for ethanol oxidation obtained by the sol–gel method. J Power Sources 156:300–305

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. Stamenkovic VR, Arenz M, Lucas CA, Gallagher ME, Ross PN, Markovic NM (2003) Surface chemistry on bimetallic alloy surfaces: adsorption of anions and oxidation of CO on Pt3Sn(111). J Am Chem Soc 125:2735–2745

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. Wang K, Gasteiger HA, Markovic NM, Ross PN (1996) On the reaction pathway for methanol and carbon monoxide electrooxidation on Pt–Sn alloy versus alloy surfaces. Electrochim Acta 41:2587–2593

    Article  Google Scholar 

  88. MacDonald JP, Gualtieri B, Runga N, Teliz E, Zinola CF (2008) Modification of platinum surfaces by spontaneous deposition: methanol oxidation electrocatalysis. Int J Hydrogen Energ 33:7048–7061

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. Zhou WJ, Zhou B, Li WZ, Zhou ZH, Song SQ, Sun GQ, Xin Q, Douvartzides S, Goula M, Tsiakaras P (2004) Performance comparison of low-temperature direct alcohol fuel cells with different anode catalysts. J Power Sources 126:16–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. Wang Q, Sun GQ, Jiang LH, Xin Q, Sun SG, Jiang YX, Chen SP, Jusys Z, Behm RJ (2007) Adsorption and oxidation of ethanol on colloid-based Pt/C, PtRu/C and Pt3Sn/C catalysts: in situ FTIR spectroscopy and on-line DEMS studies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 9:2686–2696

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. Colmati F, Antolini E, Gonzalez ER (2006) Effect of temperature on the mechanism of ethanol oxidation on carbon supported Pt, PtRu and Pt3Sn electrocatalysts. J Power Sources 157:98–103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. Song SQ, Zhou WJ, Zhou ZH, Jiang LH, Sun GQ, Tsiakaras P, Xin Q, Leonditis V, Kontou S, Tsiakaras P (2005) Direct ethanol PEM fuel cells: the case of platinum based anodes. Int J Hydrogen Energ 30:995–1001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  93. Jiang L, Sun G, Sun S, Liu J, Tang S, Li H, Zhou B, Xin Q (2005) Structure and chemical composition of supported Pt–Sn electrocatalysts for ethanol oxidation. Electrochim Acta 50: 5384–5389

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. Bonneman H, Britz P, Vogel W (1998) Structure and chemical composition of a surfactant stabilized Pt3Sn alloy colloid. Langmuir 14:6654–6657

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. Lamy C, Rousseau S, Belgsir EM, Coutanceau C, Léger JM (2004) Recent progress in the direct ethanol fuel cell: development of new platinum–tin electrocatalysts. Electrochim Acta 49:3901–3908

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. Zhou WJ, Li WZ, Song SQ, Zhou ZH, Jiang LH, Sun GQ, Xin Q, Poulianitis K, Kontou S, Tsiakaras P (2004) Bi- and tri-metallic Pt-based anode catalysts for direct ethanol fuel cells. J Power Sources 131(1–2):217–223

    Article  Google Scholar 

  97. Antolini E, Colmatia F, Gonzalez ER (2007) Effect of Ru addition on the structural characteristics and the electrochemical activity for ethanol oxidation of carbon supported Pt–Sn alloy catalysts. Electrochem Commun 9:398–404

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. Sine G, Smida D, Limat M, Foti G, Comninellis C (2007) Microemulsion synthesized Pt/Ru/Sn nanoparticles on BDD for alcohol electro-oxidation. J Electrochem Soc 154:B170–B174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. Neto AO, Dias RR, Tusi MM, Linardi M, Spinace EV (2007) Electro-oxidation of methanol and ethanol using PtRu/C, PtSn/C and PtSnRu/C electrocatalysts prepared by an alcohol-reduction process. J Power Sources 166:87–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  100. Ribeiro J, dos Anjos DM, Kokoh KB, Coutanceau C, Léger J-M, Olivi P, de Andrade AR, Tremiliosi-Filho G (2007) Carbon-supported ternary PtSnIr catalysts for direct ethanol fuel cell. Electrochim Acta 52(24):6997–7006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  101. Koenigsmann C, Wong SS (2011) One-dimensional noble metal electrocatalysts: a promising structural paradigm for direct methanol fuel cells. Energy Environ Sci 4:1161–1176

    Article  Google Scholar 

  102. Adzic RR, Zhang J, Sasaki K, Vukmirovic MB, Shao M, Wang JX, Nilekar AU, Mavrikakis M, Valerio JA, Uribe F (2007) Platinum monolayer fuel cell electrocatalysts. Top Catal 46:249–262

    Article  Google Scholar 

  103. Brankovic SR, McBreen J, Adzic RR (2001) Spontaneous deposition of Pt on the Ru(0001) surface. J Electroanal Chem 503:99–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  104. Brankovic SR, Wang JX, Adzic RR (2001) Pt submonolayers on Ru nanoparticles a novel low Pt loading, high CO tolerance fuel cell electrocatalyst. Electrochem Solid-State Lett 4:A217–A220

    Article  Google Scholar 

  105. Brankovic SR, Marinkovic NS, Wang JX, Adzic RR (2002) Carbon monoxide oxidation on bare and Pt-modified Ru(1010) and Ru(0001) single crystal electrodes. J Electroanal Chem 532:57–66

    Article  Google Scholar 

  106. Brankovic SR, Wang JX, Adzic RR (2001) New methods of controlled monolayer-to-multilayer deposition of Pt for designing electrocatalysts at an atomic level. J Serb Chem Soc 66(11–12): 887–898

    Google Scholar 

  107. Wang JX, Brankovic SR, Zhu Y, Hanson JC, Adzic RR (2003) Kinetic characterization of PtRu fuel cell anode catalysts made by spontaneous Pt deposition on Ru nanoparticles. J Electrochem Soc 150:A1108–A1117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  108. Li M, Liu P, Adzic RR (2012) Platinum monolayer electrocatalysts for anodic oxidation of alcohols. J Phys Chem Lett 3:3480–3485

    Article  Google Scholar 

  109. Kowal A, Li M, Shao M, Sasaki K, Vukmirovic MB, Zhang J, Marinkovic NS, Liu P, Frenkel AI, Adzic RR (2009) Ternary Pt/Rh/SnO2 electrocatalysts for oxidizing ethanol to CO2. Nature Mater 8:325–330

    Article  Google Scholar 

  110. Li M, Kowal A, Sasaki K, Marinkovic NS, Su D, Korach E, Liu P, Adzic RR (2010) Ethanol oxidation on the ternary Pt–Rh–SnO2/C electrocatalysts with varied Pt:Rh:Sn ratios. Electrochim Acta 55:4331–4338

    Article  Google Scholar 

  111. Li M, Marinkovic NS, Sasaki K (2012) In situ characterization of ternary Pt–Rh–SnO2/C catalysts for ethanol electrooxidation. Electrocatal 3:376–385

    Google Scholar 

  112. Li M, Cullen D, Sasaki K, Marinkovic NS, More K, Adzic RR (2013) Ternary electrocatalysts for oxidizing ethanol to carbon dioxide: making Ir capable of splitting C-C bond. J Am Chem Soc 135:132–141

    Article  Google Scholar 

  113. Kowal A, Gojković SL, Leed KS, Olszewski P, Sung Y-E (2009) Synthesis, characterization and electrocatalytic activity for ethanol oxidation of carbon supported Pt, Pt–Rh, Pt–SnO2 and Pt–Rh–SnO2 nanoclusters. Electrochem Commun 11(4):724–727

    Article  Google Scholar 

  114. Du W, Wang Q, LaScala CA, Zhang L, Su D, Frenkel AI, Mathura VK, Teng X (2011) Ternary PtSnRh–SnO2 nanoclusters: synthesis and electroactivity for ethanol oxidation fuel cell reaction. J Mater Chem 21:8887–8892

    Article  Google Scholar 

  115. Colmati F, Antolini E, Gonzalez ER (2008) Preparation, structural characterization and activity for ethanol oxidation of carbon supported ternary Pt–Sn–Rh catalysts. J Alloy Compd 456:264–270

    Article  Google Scholar 

  116. de Tacconi NR, Lezna RO, Beden B, Hahn F, Lamy C (1994) In-situ FTIR study of the electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol at iridium and rhodium electrodes. J Electroanal Chem 379:329–337

    Article  Google Scholar 

  117. Cao L, Sun G, Li H, Xin Q (2007) Carbon-supported IrSn catalysts for a direct ethanol fuel cell. Electrochem Commun 9:2541–2546

    Article  Google Scholar 

  118. Choi Y, Liu P (2011) Understanding of ethanol decomposition on Rh(111) from density functional theory and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. Catal Today 165:64–70

    Article  Google Scholar 

  119. Wang JX, Inada H, Wu L, Zhu Y, Choi Y-M, Liu P, Zhou W-P, Adzic RR (2009) Oxygen reduction on well-defined core-shell nanocatalysts: particle size, facet, and Pt shell thickness effects. J Am Chem Soc 131:17298–17302

    Article  Google Scholar 

  120. Cai Y, Ma C, Zhu Y, Wang JX, Adzic RR (2011) Low-coordination sites in oxygen-reduction electrocatalysis: their roles and methods for removal. Langmuir 27:8540–8547

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA

    Meng Li & Radoslav R. Adzic

Authors
  1. Meng Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Radoslav R. Adzic
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Radoslav R. Adzic .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. UTC Power, Governor’s Highway 195, South Windsor, 06074, Connecticut, USA

    Minhua Shao

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer-Verlag London

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Li, M., Adzic, R.R. (2013). Low-Platinum-Content Electrocatalysts for Methanol and Ethanol Electrooxidation. In: Shao, M. (eds) Electrocatalysis in Fuel Cells. Lecture Notes in Energy, vol 9. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4911-8_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4911-8_1

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-4910-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-4911-8

  • eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation