Skip to main content

Laser Structures and Their Performance

  • Chapter
Semiconductor Lasers

Abstract

Semiconductor lasers operating in the wavelength range of 1.1–1.65 µm can be fabricated using the InGaAsP quaternary material which has been grown lattice-matched on an InP substrate.1 Room-temperature continuous operation of InGaAsP-InP double-heterostructure lasers was first reported2 in 1976. Since then, a large number of laser structures have been developed guided by the performance requirements of specific applications. This chapter discusses different InGaAsP laser structures with particular emphasis on their performance in terms of the light—current characteristics, the threshold current, and the threshold current’s temperature dependence. Other performance characteristics that make a laser structure suitable as a source for high-speed digital lightwave transmission systems are discussed in detail in Chapter 6.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Antypas, G. A., R. L. Moon, L. W. James, J. Edgecumbe, and R. L. Bell. III–IV Quaternary alloys, p. 48 in Gallium Arsenide and Related Compounds, 1972 Conf. Ser. 17. London: Institute of Physics, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Hsieh, J. J., J. A. Rossi, and J. P. Donnelly. Appl. Phys. Lett. 28 709 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Arai, S., Y. Itaya, Y. Suematsu, K. Kishino, and S. Katayama. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 17 2067 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  4. Itaya, Y., Y. Suematsu, S. Katayama, K. Kishino, and S. Arai. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 18 1795 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  5. Arai, S., Y. Suematsu, Y. Itaya, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-16 197 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Oe, K., and K. Sugiyama. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 15 2003 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  7. Nahory, R. E., and M. A. Pollack. Electron. Lett. 14 727 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  8. Dolginov, L. M., A. E. Drakin, P. G. Eliseev, B. N. Sverdlov, and E. G. Shevchenko. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-21 646 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Kressel, H., and M. Ettenberg. J. Appl. Phys. 41 3533 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  10. Itaya, Y., S. Katayama, and Y. Suematsu. Electron. Lett. 15 123 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  11. Dyment, J. C. Appl. Phys. Lett. 10 84 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  12. Dyment, J. C., L. A. D’Asaro, J. C. North, B. I. Miller, and J. E. Ripper. Proc. IEEE 60 726 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  13. Henshall, G. D., G. H. B. Thompson, J. E. A. Whiteway, P. R. Selway, and M. Broomfield. IEE Proc. I 3 1 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Schwartz, B., M. W. Focht, N. K. Dutta, R. J. Nelson, and P. Besomi. IEEE Trans. Electron Devices ED-31 841 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Oe, K., S. Ando, and K. Sugiyama. J. Appl. Phys. 51 43 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Dixon, R. W., F. R. Nash, R. L. Hartman, and R. T. Hepplewhite. Appl. Phys. Lett. 29 372 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  17. Nelson, R. J., and N. K. Dutta. Appl. Phys. Lett. 37 769 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  18. Paoli, T. L. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-13 351 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  19. Van der Ziel, J. P., J. L. Merz, and T. L. Paoli. J. Appl. Phys. 50 4620 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  20. Paoli, T. L. Appl. Phys. Lett. 34 652 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  21. Dutta, N. K., and R. J. Nelson. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-17 804 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  22. Dixon, R. W., and W. B. Joyce. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-15 470 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  23. Dutta, N. K. J. Appl. Phys. 52 55 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  24. Nash, F. R., R. L. Hartman, T. L. Paoli, and R. W. Dixon. Appl. Phys. Lett. 35 905 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  25. Casey, H. C., Jr., and E. Buehler. Appl. Phys. Lett. 30 247 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  26. Van der Ziel, J. P. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-17 60 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  27. Lang, R. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 19 L93 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  28. Eliseev, P. G., A. Krasilnkov, M. A. Manko, and V. P. Strakhov, pp. 150–159 in Physics of p-n Junctions and Semiconductor Devices, ed. S. Y. Ryvkin and Yu. V. Shmartsev. New York: Plenum Press, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Dixon, R. W. Bell Syst. Tech. J. 55 973 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  30. Paoli, T. L., and P. A. Barnes. Appl. Phys. Lett. 28 714 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  31. Anthony, P. J., and N. E. Schumaker. IEEE Electron Device Lett. EDL-1 58 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  32. Wright, P. D., W. B. Joyce, and D. C. Craft. J. Appl. Phys. 53 1364 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  33. Anthony, P. J., T. L. Paoli, and R. L. Hartman. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-16 735 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  34. Lee, T. P., C. A. Burrus, B. I. Miller, and R. A. Logan. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-11 432 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  35. Kawaguchi, H., and T. Kawakami. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-13 556 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  36. Aiki, K., M. Nakamura, T. Kuroda, and J. Umeda. Appl. Phys. Lett. 48 649 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  37. Amann, M.-C. Electron. Lett. 15 441 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  38. Kaminow, I. P., R. E. Nahory, M. A. Pollack, L. W. Stulz, and J. C. DeWinter. Electron. Lett. 15 763 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  39. Ueno, M., I. Sakuma, T. Furuse, Y. Matsumoto, H. Kawano, Y. Ide, and S. Matsumoto. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-17 1930 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  40. Kaminow, I. P., R. E. Nahory, L. W. Stulz, and J. C. DeWinter. Electron. Lett. 17 318 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  41. Turley, S. E. H., G. D. Henshall, P. D. Greene, V. P. Knight, D. M. Moule, and S. A. Wheeler. Electron. Lett. 17 868 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  42. Kaminow, I. P., L. W. Stulz, J. S. Ko, A. G. Dentai, R. E. Nahory, J. C. De Winter, and R. L. Hartman. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-19 1312 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  43. Tsang, W. T, and R. A. Logan. Appl. Phys. Lett. 45 1025 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  44. Temkin, H., R. A. Logan, M. B. Panish, and J. P. Van der Ziel. Appl. Phys. Lett. 45 330 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  45. Tsukada, T. J. Appl. Phys. 45 4899 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  46. Hirao, M., S. Tsuji, K. Mizuishi, A. Doi, and M. Nakamura. J. Opt. Commun. 1 10 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  47. Mito, I., M. Kitamura, K. Kobayashi, S. Murata, M. Seki, Y. Odagiri, H. Nishimoto, M. Yamaguchi, and K. Kobayashi. J. Lightwave Technol. LT-1 195 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  48. Mito, I., M. Kitamura, K. Kaede, Y. Odagiri, M. Seki, M. Sugimoto, and K. Kobayashi. Electron. Lett. 18 2 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  49. Nelson, R. J., P. D. Wright, P. A. Barnes, R. L. Brown, T. Cella, and R. G. Sobers. Appl. Phys. Lett. 36 358 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  50. Ishikawa, H., H. Imai, T. Tanahashi, Y. Nishitani, M. Takusagawa, and K. Takahei. Electron. Lett. 17 465 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  51. Dutta, N. K., D. P. Wilt, P. Besomi, W. C. Dautremont-Smith, P. D. Wright, and R. J. Nelson. Appl. Phys. Lett. 44 483 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  52. Logan, R. A., J. P. Van der Ziel, and H. Tamkin. Proc. SPIE Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. 380 181 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  53. Oron, M., N. Tamari, H. Shtrikman, and C. A. Burrus. Appl. Phys. Lett. 41 609 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  54. Murotani, T., E. Oomura, H. Higuchi, H. Namizaki, and W. Susaki. Electron. Lett. 16 566 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  55. Dutta, N. K., R. J. Nelson, P. D. Wright, and D. C. Craft. J. Lightwave Technol. LT-2 160 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  56. Nakano, Y., K. Takahei, Y. Noguchi, Y. Suzuki, and H. Nagai. Electron. Lett. 18 501 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  57. Namizaki, H., R. Hirano, H. Higuchi, E. Oomura, Y. Sakakibara, and W. Susaki. Electron. Lett. 18 703 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  58. Dutta, N. K., D. P. Wilt, and R. J. Nelson. J. Lightwave Technol. LT-2 201 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  59. Besomi, P., R. B. Wilson, R. L. Brown, N. K. Dutta, P. D. Wright, and R. J. Nelson. Electron. Lett. 20 417 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  60. Adams, A. R., M. Asada, Y. Suematsu, and S. Arai. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 19 L621 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  61. Ishikawa, H., H. Imai, I. Umebu, K. Hori, and M. Takusagawa. J. Appl. Phys. 53 2851 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  62. Yi, M. B., L. T. Lu, E. Kapon, Z. Rav-Noy, S. Margalit, and A. Yariv. Appl. Phys. Lett. 46 328 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  63. Wilt, D. P., B. Schwartz, B. Tell, E. Beebee, and R. J. Nelson. Appl. Phys. Lett. 44 290 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  64. Uchiyama, S., K. Moriki, K. Iga, and S. Furukawa. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 2 21 L639 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  65. Liau, Z. L., and J. N. Walpole. Appl. Phys. Lett. 40 568 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  66. Liau, Z. L., J. N. Walpole, and D. Z. Tsang. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-20 855 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  67. Chen, T. R., L. C. Chiu, K. L. Yu, U. Koren, A. Hasson, S. Margalit, and A. Yariv. Appl. Phys. Lett. 41 1115(1982).

    Google Scholar 

  68. Koch, T. L., L. A. Coldren, T. J. Bridges, E. G. Burkhardt, P. J. Corvini, B. I. Miller, and D. P. Wilt. Electron. Lett. 20 856 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  69. Burkhard, H., and E. Kuphal. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 2 22 1721 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  70. Burkhard, H., and E. Kuphal.IEEE J. QuantumElectron. QE-21 650 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  71. Bowers, J. E., B. R. Hemenway, A. H. Gnauck, T. J. Bridges, E. G. Burkhardt, D. P. Wilt, and S. Maynard. Appl. Phys. Lett. 47 78 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  72. Botez, D. IEEE Spectrum 22 (6), 43 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  73. Botez, D., J. C. Connolly, M. Ettenberg, and D. B. Gilbert. Electron. Lett. 19 882 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  74. Nakano, Y., K. Takahei, Y. Noguchi, H. Nagai, and K. Nawata. Electron. Lett. 17 782 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  75. Noguchi, Y., Y. Suzuki, T. Matsuoka, and H. Nagai. Electron. Lett. 20 771 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  76. Asano, T., and T. Okumura. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-21 619 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  77. Yamaguchi, M., H. Nishimoto, M. Kitamura, S. Yamazaki, I. Mito, and K. Kobayashi. Conf. Lasers and Electro-optics, Baltimore, May 1985, p. 180.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Salzman, J., T. Venkatesan, R. Land, M. Mittlestein, and A. Yariv. Appl. Phys. Lett. 46 218 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  79. Craig, R. R., L. W. Casperson, O. M. Stafsudd, J. J. J. Yang, G. A. Evans, and R. A. Davidheiser. Electron. Lett. 21 63 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  80. Scifres, D. R., R. D. Burnham, and W. Streifer. Appl. Phys. Lett. 34 259 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  81. Scifres, D. R., W. Streifer, and R. D. Burnham. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-15 917 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  82. Ackley, D. E. Appl. Phys. Lett. 42 152 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  83. Ackley, D. E. Electron. Lett. 20 695 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  84. Scifres, D. R., C. Lindstrom, R. D. Burnham, W. Streifer, and T. L. Paoli. Electron. Lett. 19 169 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  85. Botez, D., and J. C. Connolly. Appl. Phys. Lett. 43 1096 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  86. Kapon, E., C. P. Lindsay, J. S. Smith, S. Margalit, and A. Yariv. Appl. Phys. Lett. 45 1257 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  87. Mukai, S., C. Lindsay, J. Katz, E. Kapon, Z. Rav-Noy, S. Margalit, and A. Yariv. Appl. Phys. Lett. 45 834 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  88. Paoli, T. L., W. Streifer, and R. D. Burnham. Appl. Phys. Lett. 45 217 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  89. Temkin, H., R. D. Dupuis, R. A. Logan, and J. P. Van der Ziel. Appl. Phys. Lett. 44 473 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  90. Dutta, N. K., S. G. Napholtz, R. B. Wilson, R. L. Brown, and T. Cella. Appl. Phys. Lett. 45 941 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  91. Dutta, N. K., S. G. Napholtz, R. B. Wilson, R. L. Brown, and T. Cella Appl. Phys. Lett. 46 803 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  92. Kapon, E., L. T. Lu, Z. Rav-Noy, M. Yi, S. Margalit, and A. Yariv. Appl. Phys. Lett. 46 136 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  93. Figueroa, L., C. Morrison, H. D. Law, and F. Goodwin. J. Appl. Phys. 56 3357 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  94. Butler, J. K., D. E. Ackley, and D. Botez. Appl. Phys. Lett. 44 293 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  95. Kapon, E., J. Katz, and A. Yariv. Opt. Lett. 10 125 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  96. Agrawal, G. P. J. Appl. Phys. 58 2922 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  97. Mawst, L. J., D. Botez, T. J. Roth, G. Peterson, and J. J. Yang. Electron. Lett. 24 958 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  98. Golubentsev, A. A., V. V. Likhanskii, and A. P. Napartovich. Sov. Phys. JEPT 66 676 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  99. Roychoudhuri, C., E. Siebert, F. D’Amato, M. Macomber, and R. Noll. Proc. LEOS Annu. Mtg., Santa Clara, Nov. 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Wilcox, J. Z., W. W. Simmons, D. Botez, M. Jansen, L. J. Mawst, G. Peterson, T. J. Wilcox,and J. J. Yang. Appl. Phys. Lett. 54 1848 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  101. Mawst, L. J., D. Botez, T. J. Roth, and G. Peterson. Appl. Phys. Lett. 55 10 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  102. Mawst, L. J., D. Botez, M. Jansen, T. J. Roth, and G. Peterson. Appl. Phys. Lett. 55 2060 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  103. Welch, D. F., P. S. Cross, D. R. Scifres, and W. Streifer. Electron. Lett. 23 270 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  104. Liau, Z. L. and J. N. Walpole. Appl. Phys. Lett. 46 115 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  105. Carlson, N. W., G. A. Evans, D. P. Bour, and S. K. Liew. Appl. Phys. Lett. 56 16 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  106. Evans, G. A., N. W. Carlson, J. M. Hammer, M. Lurie, J. K. Butler, S. L. Palfrey, R. Amantea, L. A. Carr, F. Z. Hawrylo, E. A. James, C. J. Kaiser, J. B. Kirk, and W. F. Reichert. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-25 1525 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  107. Evans, G. A., D. P. Bour, N. W. Carlson, J. M. Hammer, M. Lurie, J. K. Butler, S. L. Palfrey, R. Amantea, L. A. Carr, F. Z. Hawrylo, E. A. James, J. B. Kirk, S. K. Liew, and W. F. Reichert. Appl. Phys. Lett. 55 2721 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  108. Evans, G A., D. P. Bour, N. W. Carlson, R. Amantea, J. M. Hammer, H. Lee, M. Lurie, R. C. Lai, P. F. Pelka, R. E. Farkas, J. B. Kirk, S. K. Liew, W. F. Reichert, C. A. Wang, H. K. Choi, J. N. Walpole, J. K. Butler, W. F. Ferguson, Jr., R. K. DeFreez, and M. Feliski. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-27 1594 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1993 AT&T

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Agrawal, G.P., Dutta, N.K. (1993). Laser Structures and Their Performance. In: Semiconductor Lasers. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0481-4_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0481-4_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7579-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-0481-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics