Abstract
Death and disability are major problems of closed head injuries. It has been estimated that, in the United States alone, head injury causes approximately 24 deaths/100,000 population [16]. Perhaps more troubling is the morbidity that occurs among those who survive severe head injuries: six months after their accident, 1%–5% of patients remain vegetative and 5%–18% severely disabled [17]. These disabled individuals represent a significant proportion of the population. In the United States, their number is not clearly defined. In Britain, where head injuries are somewhat less common, (9 deaths/100,000 population) the number of individuals with major handicaps persisting after head injury has been estimated at 150/100,000 persons; one in 300 British families has such a member [1, 16]. Reduced speed limits and mandatory seat belt laws are likely to increase further the population of surviving, disabled patients.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adams JH: Head injury. In Adams JH, Corsellis JAN, Duchen LW (eds): Greenfield’s Neuropathology( 4th ed ). New York: Wiley, 1984, pp 85–124
Andrew J, Fowler CJ, Harrison MJG: Tremor after head injury and its treatment by stereotaxic surgery. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry45: 815819, 1982
Bravo GJ, Cooper IS: A clinical and radiological correlation of the lesions produced by chemopallidectomy and thalamotomy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry22: 1–10, 1959
Bricolo A: Prolonged post-traumatic coma. In Vinken PJ, Bruyn GW (eds): Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Vol 24. New York: American Elsevier, 1976, pp 699–755
Brierley JB, Beck E: The significance in human stereotactic brain surgery of individual variation in the diencephalon and globus pallidus. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry22: 287–298, 1959
Bullard DE, Homer J, Walker J, et al: Evaluation of memory and language function pre and postthalamotomy with an attempt to define those patients at risk for postoperative dysfunction. In press, 1986
Bullard DE, Nashold BS: Stereotactic thalamotomy for the treatment of posttraumatic movement disorders. J Neurosurg61: 316–321, 1984
Chadwick D, Hallett M, Harris R, et al: Clinical, biochemical, and physiological features distinguishing myoclonus responsive to 5hydroxytryptophan, tryptophan with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, and clonazepam. Brain100: 455–487, 1977
Corsellis JAN, Brierley JB: Observations on the pathology of insidious dementia following head injury. J Mental Sci105: 714–720, 1959
Fahn S: Posthypoxic action myoclonus: Review of the literature and report of two new cases with response to valproate and estrogen. In Fahn S, Davis JN, Rowland LP (eds): Advances in Neurology, Vol 26. New York: Raven Press, 1979, pp 49–84
Gildenburg PL, Kaufman HH, Murthy KSK: Calculation of stereotactic coordinates from the computed tomographic scan. Neurosurgery10: 582–586, 1982
Grimberg L: Paralysis agitans and trauma. J Nery Ment Dis79: 14–42, 1934
Gu-iot G, Derome P: The principles of stereotaxic thalamotomy. In Kahn EA, Crosby EC, Schneider RC, et al (eds): Correlative Neurosurgery. Springfield, IL: Thomas, 1969, pp 376–401
Hardy TL, Bertrand G, Thompson CJ: Position of the medial internal capsular border in relation to third-ventricular width. Appl Neurophysiol42: 234–247, 1979
Hollander D, Strich SJ: Atypical Alzheimer’s disease with congophilic angiopathy presenting with dementia of acute onset. In Wolstenholme GEW, O’Connor M (eds): Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Conditions. CIBA Foundation Symposium. London: Churchill, 1970, pp 105–124
Jennett B, Teasdale G: Management of Head Injuries. Philadelphia: FA Davis, 1981
Jennett B, Teasdale G, Galbraith S, et al: Severe head injuries in three countries. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry40: 291–298, 1977
Kremer M, Russell WR, Smyth GE: A mid-brain syndrome following head injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry10: 49–60, 1947
Laitinen LV: Brain targets in surgery for Parkinson’s disease: Results of a survey of neurosurgeons. J Neurosurg62: 349–351, 1985
Marsden CD, Hallett M, Fahn S: The nosology and pathophysiology of myoclonus. In Marsden CD, Fahn S (eds): Neurology 2: Movement Disorders. New York: Butterworth Scientific, 1982, pp 196–248
McMenemey WH, Grant HC, Behrman S: Two examples of “precinct senile dementia” (Pick’s disease and Stern-Garcin syndrome) with a history of trauma. Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr208: 162–176, 1965
Molina-Negro P: Functional surgery of abnormal movements. In Rasmussen TT, Marina R (eds): Functional Neurosurgery. New York: Raven Press, 1979, pp 89–121
Niizuma H, Kwak R, Ohyama H, et al: Stereotactic thalamotomy for postapoplectic and posttraumatic involuntary movements. Appl Neurophysiol45: 295–298, 1982
Ojemann GA, Ward AA Jr: Abnormal movement disorders. In Youmans JR (ed): Neurological Surgery. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1973, pp 1829–1867
Robinson BW, Tompkins HE: Impedance method for localizing brain structures: An ex-tension of the method. Arch Neurol10: 563–574, 1964
Sortland O, Hovind K: Ventriculography with water-soluble contrast media. Acta Radiol [Suppl](Stockh) 355: 223–236, 1977
Starosta-Rubinstein S, Bjork RJ, Snyder BD, et al: Posttraumatic intention myoclonus. Surg Neurol20: 131–132, 1983
Strich SJ: Cerebral trauma. In Blackwood W, Corsellis JAN (eds): Greenfield’s Neuropathology( 3rd ed ). London: Edward Arnold, 1976, pp 327–360
Strich SJ: The pathology of brain damage due to blunt head injuries. In Walker AE, Caveness WF, Critchley M (eds): The Late Effects of Head Injuries. Springfield, IL: Thomas, 1969, pp 501–524
Suzuki S, Ito K, Iwabuchi T: Ventriculography with non-ionic water-soluble contrast medium, Amipaque (metrizamide). J Neurosurg47: 7985, 1977
Tasker RR, Organ LW, Hawrylyshyn P: Investigation of the surgical target for alleviation of involuntary movement disorders. Appl Neurophysiol45: 261–274, 1982
Tasker RR, Organ LW, Hawrylyshyn PA: The Thalamus and Midbrain of Man: A Physiological Atlas Using Electrical Stimulation. Springfield, IL: Thomas, 1982
Walker AE: Stereotaxic surgery for tremor. In Schaltenbrand G, Walker AE (eds): Stereotaxy of the Human Brain: Anatomical, Physiological, and Clinical Applications. New York: Thieme-Stratton, 1982, pp 515–521
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1988 Martinus Nijhoff Publishing, Boston
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bullard, D.E., Nashold, B.S. (1988). Posttraumatic Movement Disorders. In: Lunsford, L.D. (eds) Modern Stereotactic Neurosurgery. Topics in neurological surgery, vol 1. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1081-5_26
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1081-5_26
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-8418-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-1081-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive