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Neuroprotection in Demyelinating Diseases: The Therapeutic Potential of the Neurotrophins

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Handbook of Neurotoxicity

Abstract

The myelin sheath has evolved to exert critical influences upon the central and peripheral nervous systems. Recently, the neurotrophins have been implicated in influencing the dynamic and complex signals that occur between neurons and myelinating glial cells – Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system – that regulate myelination. Somewhat surprisingly, the neurotrophins have been found to influence myelination in a complex manner involving both promyelinating and inhibitory signals that can be directed against either neuronal or glial cells that ultimately regulate central and peripheral myelin formation in distinct ways. The neurotrophins and their receptors have also been shown to influence the severity and affect remyelination in distinct in vivo models of demyelinating disease. Together, these data indicate that the selective targeting of neurotrophin receptors to promote remyelination offers an exciting prospect for the treatment of demyelinating diseases.

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Abbreviations

CGRP:

Calcitonin gene-related peptide

CNS:

Central nervous system

DPN:

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy

DRG:

Dorsal root ganglion

EAE:

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

EAN:

Experimental autoimmune neuritis

Erk:

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase

GPCR:

G Protein-coupled receptor

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MS:

Multiple sclerosis

NRG:

Neuregulin

NTR:

Neurotrophin receptor

OPCs:

Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells

PNS:

Peripheral nervous system

TrkB:

Tropomyosin-related kinase B

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia

    Junhua Xiao & Simon S. Murray

  2. Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, 3010, VIC, Australia

    Richard A. Hughes

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  1. Junhua Xiao
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  2. Richard A. Hughes
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Correspondence to Junhua Xiao .

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  1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA

    Richard M. Kostrzewa

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Xiao, J., Hughes, R.A., Murray, S.S. (2014). Neuroprotection in Demyelinating Diseases: The Therapeutic Potential of the Neurotrophins. In: Kostrzewa, R. (eds) Handbook of Neurotoxicity. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5836-4_36

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