Abstract
The Central Japan has notable topographical features such that high mountains of the Japanese Alps exist at its center, large plains extend in its coastal area, and it is bounded with complex coast lines at the south and north sides facing to the Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan, respectively. Thus various types of local flows develop in summer season. In this situation, medium range transport of air pollutants from highly developed urban area to mountainous rural area has attracted concern of many people in applied meteorology and atmospheric environment in Japan, since it occurs in an interesting combination of several types of local winds such as land and sea breezes, mountain and valley winds, and plain-plateau winds, and the transport repeated in summer season probably causes severe damage to eco-systems in the mountainous area. Kurita et al. (1985) pointed out that the pollutants discharged in Tokyo Bay area migrate to the mountains in central Japan, i.e. the travel distance of about 150 km within one day. The distance far exceeded what was expected in simple sea breeze situation in mid-latitudes, and thus the phenomena suggested importance of combined effects of sea breeze, valley wind, and plain to plateau wind for the transport. Later Kondo (1990) numerically verified using meso-scale meteorological model that the presence of the high mountains in the central Japan, which are taller than 2000 m, is a key for the formation of the flow resulting in the medium range transport of pollutants. Kitada et al. (1998) also discussed dominant role of the high mountains of the central Japan in temporal variation of sea breezes over coastal plain area in the Pacific Ocean side, i.e., the Nohbi Plain. It was made clear more than 10 years ago, as noted above, that the pollutants released from huge urban areas in the coastal Japan such as Tokyo can be transported more than 150 km within 12 hours mostly during the daytime and reach to the mountains.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aichi Prefectural Office, Japan, 1995, Data compiled by Division of Environment.
Akimoto H., and Narita, H., 1994, Distribution of SO2, NOx and CO2 emissions from fuel combustion and industrial activities in Asia with 1° x 1° resolution. Atmos. Environ., 28: 213.
Carmichael, G.R., Peters, L.K., and Kitada, T., 1986, A second generation model for regional-scale transport/chemistry/deposition. Atmos. Environ., 20:173.
DeMore, W.B., Spander, S.P., Hampson, R.F., Kurylo, M.J., Howard, C.J., Kolb, C.E., and Molina, M.J., 1997, Chemical Kinetics and Photochemical Data for Use in Stratospheric Modeling-Evaluation Number 12, JPL Publication 97–4, NASA/Jet Propulsio Laboratory.
Gery M. W., Whitten G. Z., Killus J. P., and Dodge, M. C., 1989, A photochemical kinetics mechanism for urban and regional scale computer modeling. J. Geophys. Res., 94:12925.
Igawa M., Tsutsumi Y., Mori T., and Okochi, H., 1998, Fogwater chemistry at a mountainside forest and the estimation of the air pollutant deposition via fog droplets based on th atmospheric quality at the mountain base. Environ. Sci. Technol., 32:1566.
Kitada T., Carmichael, G.R. and Peters, L.K., 1984, Numerical simulation of the transport of chemically reactive species under land-and sea-breeze circulations. J. Climate Appl. Meteorol., 23, 1153.
Kitada T., Carmichael, G.R. and Peters, L.K., 1986, Effects of dry deposition on the concentration-distributions of atmospheric pollutants within land-and sea-breeze circulations. Atmos. Environ., 20:10, 1999–2010.
Kitada T., and Kitagawa, E., 1990, Numerical analysis of the role of sea breeze fronts on air quality in coastal and inland polluted areas. Atmos. Environ., 24A:1545.
Kitada T., Lee, P.C.-S., and Ueda, H., 1993, Numerical modeling of long-range transport of acidic species in association with meso-β-convective clouds across the Japan sea resulting in acid snow over coastal Japan-I. Model description and qualitative verifications. Atmos. Environ., 27A:1061.
Kitada T., Okamura K., and Tanaka, S., 1998, Effects of topography and urbanization on local winds and thermal environment in Nohbi Plain, coastal region of central Japan-A numerical analysis by meso-scale meteorological model with k-ε turbulence model. J. Appl. Meteor., 37:1026.
Kondo H., A numerical experiment on the interaction between sea breeze and valley wind to generate the so-called “Extended Sea Breeze”. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 68:435, 1990
Kurita H., Sasaki K., Muroga H., Ueda H., and Wakamatsu, S., 1985, Long-range transport of air pollution under light gradient wind conditions. J. Climate Appl. Meteorol., 24:133.
Lloyd, A.C., Atkinson R., Lurmann, F.W., and Nitta, B., 1983, Modeling potential ozone impacts from natural hydrocarbons — I. Development and testing of a chemical mechanism for the NOx-air photooxidations of isoprene and α-pinene under ambient conditions. Atmos. Environ., 17:1931–1950.
Lurmann, F.W., Lloyd, A.C., and Atkinson, R., 1986, A chemical mechanism for use in long-range transport/acid deposition computer modeling. J. Geophys. Res., 91:10905.
Mori H., Kitada T., and Iyoda, K., 1998, Vertical structure of land and sea breezes in the Nohbi plain during a passage of an anticyclone over the central Japan. Tenki, Meteorol. Soc. Japan, 45:515 (in Japanese).
Mori H., Ogawa H., and Kitada, T., 1994, Characteristics of land and sea breezes in the Nohbi plain, and the conditions of occurrence of the “extended sea breeze”. Tenki, Meteorol. Soc. Japan, 41:379 (in Japanese).
Pierce, T.E., Lamb, B.K, and van Meter, A.R., 1990, Development of a biogenic emissions inventory system for regional scale air pollution models. Proc. AWMA Annu. Meet., 83rd, 16pp.
Research Center for Natural Environment, 1993, Vegetation Data File for Japan Area, Tokyo.
Shawn J. R., Thomas E. P., and Kenneth, L. S., 1991, The sensitivity of regional ozone modeling to biogenic hydrocarbons. J. Geophys. Res., 96:7371.
Sheih, CM., Wesely, M.L., and Hicks, B.B., 1979, Estimated dry deposition velocities of sulfur over the eastern United States and surrounding regions. Atmos. Environ., 12, 2055–2087.
Wesely, M.L., and Hicks, B.B., 1977, Some factors that affect the deposition rates of sulfur dioxide and similar gases on vegetation. J. Geophys. Res., 100:11,447.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kitada, T., Okamura, K., Nakanishi, H., Mori, H. (2000). Production and Transport of Ozone in Local Flows over Central Japan-Comparison of Numerical Calculation with Airborne Observation—. In: Gryning, SE., Batchvarova, E. (eds) Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application XIII. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4153-0_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4153-0_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6863-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-4153-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive