Abstract
Anemia is probably the commonest effect of nutritional deficiency in human beings and has certainly been the most extensively studied. Iron deficiency is widely recognized as the most important cause of anemia in the world (Finch, 1969; Beaton, 1974).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adams, E. B., 1970, Anemia associated with protein deficiency, Semin. Hematol. 7:55.
Adams, J. F., Kennedy, E. H., Thompson, J., and Williamson, J., 1968, The effect of acid peptic digestion on free and tissue-bound cobalamins, Br. J. Nutr. 22:111.
Addison, G. M., Beamish, M. R., Hales, C. N., Hodgkins, M., Jacobs, A., and Llewellin, P., 1972, An immunoradiometric assay for ferritin in the serum of normal subjects and patients with iron deficiency and iron overload, J. Clin. Pathol. 25:326.
Akeson, A., Biörck, G., and Simon, R., 1968, On the content of myoglobin in human muscles, Acta Med. Scand. 183:307.
Ali, M. A. M., and Brain, M. C., 1974, Ethanol inhibition of haemoglobin synthesis: In vitro evidence for a haem correctable defect in normal subjects and in alcoholics, Br. J. Haematol. 28:311.
Ali, M. A. M., and Sweeney, G., 1974, Erythrocyte coproporphyrin and protoporphyrin in ethanol-induced sideroblastic erythropoiesis, Blood 43:291.
Allen, D. M., and Dean, R. F. A., 1965, The anaemia of kwashiorkor in Uganda, Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 59:326.
Allen, R. H., 1976, The plasma transport of vitamin B12, Br. J. Haematol. 33:161.
Allen, R. H., and Mehlman, C. S., 1973, Isolation of gastric vitamin B12-binding proteins using affinity chromatography: I, Purification and properties of human intrinsic factor, J. Biol. Chem. 248:3660.
Allen, R. H., Seetharam, B., Podell, E., and Alpers, D. H., 1978a, Effect of proteolytic enzymes on the binding of cobalamin to R protein and intrinsic factor. In vitro evidence that a failure to partially degrade R protein is responsible for cobalamin malabsorption in pancreatic insufficiency, J. Clin. Invest. 61:47.
Allen, R. H., Seetharam, B., Allen, N. C., Podell, E., and Alpers, D. H., 1978b, Correction of cobalamin malabsorption in pancreatic insufficiency with a cobalamin analogue that binds with high affinity to R protein but not to intrinsic factor. In vivo evidence that a failure to partially degrade R protein is responsible for cobalamin malabsorption in pancreatic insufficiency, J. Clin. Invest. 62:1628.
Alperin, J. B., 1967, Folic acid deficiency complicating sickle cell anemia, Arch. Intern. Med. 120:298.
Alperin, J. B., Hutchinson, H. T., and Levin, W. C., 1966, Studies of folic acid requirements in megaloblastic anemia of pregnancy, Arch. Intern. Med. 117:681.
Alperin, J. B., Haggard, M. E., and Levin, W. C., 1971, The effects of disseminated malignancies on folic acid (FA) requirements in man, Clin. Res. 19:36.
al-Rashid, R. A., and Spengler, J., 1971, Neonatal copper deficiency, New Engl. J. Med. 285:841.
Aoki, Y., Urata, G., Wada, O., and Takaku, F., 1974, Measurement of d-aminolevulinic acid synthetase activity in human erythroblasts, J. Clin. Invest. 53:1326.
Apt, L., Pollycove, M., and Ross, J. F., 1957, Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis: A study of the anemia and iron distribution using radioiron and radiochromium, J. Clin. Invest. 36:1150.
Arakawa, T., 1970, Congenital defects in folate utilization, Am. J. Med. 48:594.
Asquith, P., Oelbaum, M. H., and Dawson, D. W., 1967, Scorbutic megaloblastic anemia responding to ascorbic acid alone, Br. Med. J. 4:402.
Aung-Than-Batu, U Hla-Pe, Thein-Than, and Khin-Kyi-Nyunt, 1972, Iron deficiency in Burmese population groups, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 25:210.
Babior, B. M., ed., 1975, Cobalamin, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Bainton, D. F., and Finch, C. A., 1964, The diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia, Am. J. Med. 37:62.
Baird, I. M., St. John, D. J. B., and Nasser, S. S., 1970, Role of occult blood loss in anaemia after partial gastrectomy, Gut 11:55.
Baker, S. J., and Mathan, V. I., 1975, Prevalence, pathogenesis and prophylaxis of iron deficiency in the tropics, in: Iron Metabolism and Its Disorders (H. Kief, ed.), pp. 145–158, American Elsevier, New York.
Baker, S. J., Kumar, S., and Swaminathan, S. P., 1965, Excretion of folic acid in bile, Lancet 1:685.
Baker, S. J., Pereira, S. M., and Begum, A., 1968, Failure of vitamin E therapy in the treatment of the anemia of protein-calorie malnutrition, Blood 32:717.
Balcerzak, S. P., Westerman, M. P., Heinle, E. W., and Taylor, F. H., 1968, Measurement of iron storage using deferoxamine, Ann.Intern. Med. 68:518.
Ballard, H. S., and Lindenbaum, J., 1974, Megaloblastic anemia complicating hyperalimentation therapy, Am. J. Med. 56:740.
Baraona, E., and Lindenbaum, J., 1977, Metabolic effects of alcohol on the intestine, in: Metabolic Aspects of Alcoholism (C. S. Lieber, ed.), pp. 81–116, MTP Press, Lancaster, England.
Baugh, C. M., and Krumdieck, C. L., 1971, Naturally occurring folates, Ann.N.Y. Acad. Sci. 186:7.
Baumslag, N., Edelstein, T., and Metz, J., 1970, Reduction of incidence of prematurity by folic acid supplementation in pregnancy, Br. Med. J. 1:16.
Beard, M. E. J., and Weintraub, L. R., 1969, Hypersegmented neutrophilic granulocytes in iron deficiency anaemia, Br. J. Haematol. 16:161.
Beaton, G. H., 1974, Epidemiology of iron deficiency, in Iron in Biochemsitry and Medicine (A. Jacobs and M. Worwood, eds.), pp. 477–528, Academic Press, New York.
Beaton, G. H., Thein, M., Milne, H., and Veen, M. J., 1970, Iron requirements of menstruating women, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 23:275.
Beutler, E., 1959, The red cell indices in the diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia, Ann. Intern. Med. 50:313.
Beveridge, B. R., Bannerman, R. M., Evanson, J. M., and Witts, L. J., 1965, Hypochromic anaemia: A retrospective study and follow-up of 378 in-patients, Q. J. Med. 34:145.
Blakley, R. L., 1969. The Biochemistry of Folic Acid and Related Pteridines, American Elsevier, New York.
Boineau, M. C., and Coltman, C. A., Jr., 1967, Titrated folic acid requirement in the hemolytic anemia associated with an intracardiac prosthetic device, Clin. Res. 15:272.
Booth, C. C., 1961, The metabolic effects of intestinal resection in man, Postgrad. Med. J. 37:725.
Booth, C. C., and Mollin, D. L., 1956, Plasma, tissue, and urinary radioactivity after oral administration of 56Co-labelled vitamin B12, Br. J. Haematol. 2:223.
Booth, C. C., and Mollin, D. L., 1959, The site of absorption of vitamin B12 in man, Lancet 1:18.
Bourne, M. S., Elves, M. W., and Israels, M. C. G., 1965, Familial pyridoxine-responsive anaemia, Br. J. Haematol. 11:1.
Brante, G., and Ernberg, T., 1957, The in vitro uptake of vitamin B12 by diphyllobothrium latum and its blockage by intrinsic factor, Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 9:313.
Britt, R. P., Harper, C., and Spray, G. H., 1971, Megaloblastic anaemia among Indians in Britain, Q. J. Med. 40:499.
Brody, E. A., Estren, S., and Herbert V., 1966, Coexistent pernicious anemia and malabsorption in four patients: Including one whose malabsorption disappeared with vitamin B12 therapy, Ann. Intern. Med. 64:1246.
Burland, W. L., Simpson, K., and Lord, J., 1971, Response of low birthweight infants to treatment with folic acid, Arch. Dis. Child. 46:189.
Burman, D., 1974, Iron metabolism in infancy and childhood, in: Iron in Biochemistry and Medicine (A. Jacobs and M. Woorwood, eds.), pp. 543–562, Academic Press, New York.
Burman, J. F., Mollin, D. L., Sladden, R. A., Sourial, N., and Greany, M., 1977, Inherited deficiency of Transcobalamin II causing megaloblastic anemia, Br. J. Haematol. 35:676.
Butterfield, S., and Calloway, D. H., 1972, Folacin in wheat and selected foods, J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 60:310.
Butterworth, C. E., Jr., Santini, R., Jr., and Frommeyer, W. B., Jr., 1963, The pteroylglutamate components of American diets as determined by chromatographic fractionation, J. Clin. Invest. 42:1929.
Butterworth, C. E., Jr., Baugh, C. M., and Krumdieck, C., 1969, A study of folate absorption and metabolism in man utilizing carbon-14-labelled polyglutamates synthesised by the solid phase method, J. Clin. Invest. 48:1131.
Caen, J. P., and Legrand, Y., 1972, Abnormalities in the platelet-collagen reaction, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 201:194.
Callender, S. T., 1975, Iron deficiency due to malabsorption of food iron, in: Iron Metabolism and Its Disorders (H. Kief, ed.), pp. 168–177, American Elsevier, New York.
Callender, S. T., and Warner, CT., 1968, Iron absorption from bread, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 21:1170.
Capriles, L. F., 1963, Intracranial hypertension and iron-deficiency anemia, Arch. Neurol. 9:147.
Carey, M. C., Fennelly, J. J., and Fitzgerald, O., 1968, Homocystinuria II: Subnormal serum folate levels, increased folate clearance, and effects of folic acid therapy, Am. J. Med. 45:26.
Carmel, R., 1978, Nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency. Possible contributory role of subtle vitamin-B12 malabsorption, Ann. Intern. Med. 88:647.
Carmel, R., and Herbert, V., 1969, Deficiency of vitamin B12-binding alpha globulin in two brothers, Blood 33:1.
Cartwright, G. E., and Deiss, A., 1975, Sideroblasts, siderocytes, and sideroblastic anemia, New Engl. J. Med. 292:185.
Cartwright, G. E., and Lee, G. R., 1971, The anaemia of chronic disorders, Br. J. Haematol. 21:147.
Cartwright, G. E., and Wintrobe, M. M., 1964, Copper metabolism in normal subjects, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 14:224.
Castle, W. B., 1961, A century of curiosity about pernicious anemia, Trans. Am. Clin. Climatol. Assoc. 73:54.
Castle, W. B., 1970, Current concepts of pernicious anemia, Am. J. Med. 48:541.
Cavdar, A. O., and Arcasoy, A., 1972, Hematologic and biochemical studies of Turkish children with pica, Clin. Pediatr. 11:215.
Cavill, I., Ricketts, C., Napier, J. A. F., and Jacobs, A., 1977, Ferrokinetics and erythropoiesis in man; red-cell production and destruction in normal and anaemic subjects, Br. J. Haematol. 35:33.
Chanarin, I., 1969, The Megaloblastic Anaemias, L. J. Davis, Philadelphia.
Chanarin, I., and Rothman, D., 1971, Further observations on the relation between iron and folate status in pregnancy, Br. Med. J. 2:81.
Chanarin, I., Anderson, B. B., and Mollin, D. L., 1958, The absorption of folic acid, Br. J. Haematol. 4:156.
Chanarin, I., Hutchinson, M., McLean, A., and Moule, M., 1966, Hepatic folate in man, Br. Med. J. 1:396.
Chanarin, I., Rothman, D., Perry, J., and Stratfull, D., 1968a, Normal dietary folate, iron and protein intake, with particular reference to pregnancy, Br. Med. J. 2:394.
Chanarin, I., Rothman, D., Ward, A., and Perry, J., 1968b, Folate status and requirement in pregnancy, Br. Med. J. 2:390.
Chazan, J. A., and Mistilis, S. P., 1963, The pathophysiology of scurvy, Am. J. Med. 34:350.
Choudhury, M. R., and Williams, J., 1959, Iron absorption and gastric operations, Clin. Sci. 18:527.
Chung, A. S. M., Pearson, W. N., Darby, W. J., Miller, O. N., and Goldsmith, G. A., 1961, Folic acid, vitamin B6, pantothenic acid, and vitamin B12 in human dietaries, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 9:573.
Colman, N., and Herbert, V., 1976, Total folate binding capacity of normal human plasma, and variations in uremia, cirrhosis, and pregnancy, Blood 48:911.
Colman, N., Barker, M., Green, R., and Metz, J., 1974, Prevention of folate deficiency in pregnancy by food fortification, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 27:339.
Conrad, M. E., 1969, Factors affecting iron absorption, in Iron Deficiency, Clinical Symposium on Iron Deficiency, Arosa, Switzerland (L. Hallberg, H. G. Harwerth, and A. Vannotti, eds.), pp. 87–120, Academic Press, Inc., New York.
Conrad, M. E., and Crosby, W. H., 1962, The natural history of iron deficiency induced by phlebotomy, Blood 20:173.
Conrad, M. E., and Schade, S. G., 1968, Ascorbic acid chelates in iron absorption: A role for hydrochloric acid and bile, Gastroenterology 55:35.
Conrad, M. E., Cortell, S., Williams, H. L., and Foy, A. L., 1966, Polymerisation and intraluminal factors in the absorption of hemoglobin iron, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 68:659.
Cook, J. E., Brown, G. M., and Valberg, L. S. 1964, The effect of achylia gastrica on iron absorption, J. Clin. Invest. 43:1185.
Cook, J. D., Marsaglia, G., Eschbach, J. W., Funk, D. D., and Finch, C. A., 1970, Ferrokinetics: A biologic model for plasma iron exchange in man, J. Clin. Invest. 49:197.
Cook, J. D., Lipschitz, D. A., Miles, L. E. M., and Finch, C. A., 1974, Serum ferritin as a measure of iron stores in normal subjects, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 27:681.
Cook, J. D., Finch, C. A., and Smith, N. J., 1976, Evaluation of the iron status of a population, Blood 48:449.
Cooper, B. A., and Lowenstein, L., 1964, Relative folate deficiency of erythrocytes in pernicious anemia and its correction with cyanocobalamin, Blood 24:502.
Corcino, J. J., Waxman, S., and Herbert, V., 1971, Uptake of tritiated folates by human bone marrow cells in vitro, Br. J. Haematol. 20:503.
Cordano, A., and Graham, G. G., 1966, Copper deficiency complicating severe chronic intestinal malabsorption, Pediatrics 38:596.
Cordano, A., Baertl, J. M., and Graham, G. G., 1964, Copper deficiency in infancy, Pediatrics 34:324.
Cordano, A., Placko, R. P., and Graham, G. G., 1966, Hypocupremia and neutropenia in cooper deficiency, Blood 28:280.
Corrocher, R., De Sandre, G., Pacor, M. L., and Hoffbrand, A. V., 1974, Hepatic protein binding of folate, Clin. Sci. Mol. Med. 46:551.
Cowen, A. E., and Campbell, C. B., 1973, Giardiasis-A cause of vitamin B12 malabsorption, Am. J. Dig. Dis. 18:384.
Cox, E. V., 1968, The anemia of scurvy, Vitam. Horm. 26:635.
Craddock, P. R., Yawata, Y., Van Senten, L., Gilberstadt, S., Silvis, S., and Jacob, H. S., 1974, Acquired phagocyte dysfunction: A complication of the hypophosphatemia of parenteral hyperalimentation, New Engl. J. Med. 290:1403.
Croft, D. N., 1970, Body iron loss and cell loss from epithelia, Proc. R. Soc, Med. 63:1221.
Crosby, W. H., 1970, Iron enrichment: One’s food, another’s poison, Arch. Intern. Med. 126:911.
Crosby, W. H., 1976, Pica: A compulsion caused by iron deficiency, (correspondence), Br. J. Haematol. 34:341.
Dagg, J. H., Smith, J. A., and Goldberg, A., 1966, Urinary excretion of iron, Clin. Sci. 30:495.
Dagg, J. H., Cumming, R. L. C., and Goldberg, A., 1971, Disorders of iron metabolism, in: Recent Advances in Haematology (A. Goldberg and M. C. Brain, eds.), pp. 71–145, Churchill, Livingstone, London.
Dallman, P. R., 1974, Tissue effects of iron deficiency, in: Iron in Biochemistry and Medicine (A. Jacobs and M. Worwood, eds.), pp. 437–475, Academic Press, New York.
Daniel, W. A., Gaines, E. G., and Bennett, D. L., 1975, Iron intake and transferrin saturation in adolescents, J. Pediatr. 86:288.
Danks, D. M., 1975, Steely hair, mottled mice, and copper metabolism, New Engl. J. Med. 293:1147.
Darby, W. J., Jones, E., Clark, S. L., Jr., McGanity, W. J., Oliveira, J. D., Perez, C., Kevany, J., and Le Brocquy, J., 1958, The development of vitamin B12 deficiency by untreated patients with pernicious anemia, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 6:513.
Das, K. C., and Herbert, V., 1976, Vitamin B12-folate interrelations, Clin. Haematol. 5:697.
Das, K.., and Hoffbrand, A. V., 1970, Studies of folate uptake by phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes, Br. J. Haematol. 19:203.
De Leeuw, N. K. M., Lowenstein, L., and Hsieh, Y. S., 1966, Iron deficiency and hydremia in normal pregnancy, Medicine 45:291.
Délier, D. J., and Witts, L. J., 1962, Changes in the blood after partial gastrectomy with special reference to vitamin B12, Q. J. Med. 31:71.
Dillon, M. J., England, J. M., Gompertz, D., Goodey, P. A., Grant, D. B., Hussen, H. A.-A., Linnell, J. C., Matthews, D. M., Mudd, S. H., Newns, G. H., Seakins, J. W. T., Uhlendorf, B. W., and Wise, I., 1974, Mental retardation, megaloblastic anaemia, methylmalonic aciduria, and abnormal homocysteine metabolism due to an error in vitamin B12 metabolism, Clin. Sci. Mol. Med. 47:43.
Disler, P. B., Lynch, S. R., Charlton, R. W., Torrance, J. D., Bothwell, T. H., Walker, R. B., and Mayet, F., 1975, The effect of tea on iron absorption, Gut 16:193.
Donaldson, R. M., Jr., 1967, Role of enteric microorganisms in malabsorption, Fed. Proc. 26:1426.
Donaldson, R. M., Jr., 1975, Mechanisms of malabsorption of cobalamin, in: Cobalamin (B. M. Babior, ed.), pp. 335–368, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Doscherholmen, A., and Swaim, W. R., 1973, Impaired assimilation of egg Co57 vitamin B12 in patients with hypochlorhydria and achlorhydria and after gastric resection, Gastroenterology 64:913.
Doscherholmen, A., McMahon, J., and Ripley, D., 1976, Inhibitory effect of eggs on vitamin B12 absorption: Description of a simple ovalbumin 57Co-vitamin B12 absorption test, Br. J. Haematol. 33:261.
Doscherholmen, A., McMahon, J., and Ripley, D., 1978, Vitamin B12 assimilation from chicken meat, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 31:825.
Dunlap, W. M., James, G. W., and Hume, D. M., 1974, Anemia and neutropenia caused by copper deficiency, Ann. Intern. Med. 80:470.
Edozien, J. C., and Rahim-Kahn, M. A., 1968, Anaemia in protein malnutrition, Clin. Sci. 34:315.
Edwards, M. S., Pegrum, G. D., and Curtis, J. R., 1970, Iron therapy in patients on maintenance haemodialysis, Lancet 2:491.
Eichner, E. R., and Hillman, R. S., 1971, The evolution of anemia in alcoholic patients, Am. J. Med. 50:218.
Eichner, E. R., and Hillman, R. S., 1973, Effect of alcohol on serum folate level, J. Clin. Invest. 52:584.
Eichner, E. R., Pierce, I., and Hillman, R. S., 1971, Folate balance in dietary-induced megaloblastic anemia, New Engl. J. Med. 284:933.
Elwood, P. C., 1970, Some epidemiological aspects of iron deficiency relevant to its evaluation, Proc. R. Soc. Med. 63:20.
Elwood, P. C., and Hughes, D., 1970, Clinical trial of iron therapy on psychomotor function in anaemic women, Br. Med. J. 3:254.
Elwood, P. C., Newton, D., Eakins, J. D., and Brown, D. A., 1968, Absorption of iron from bread, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 21:1162.
Elwood, P. C., Benjamin, I. T., Fry, F. A., Eakins, J. D., Brown, D. A., De Kock, P. C., and Shah, J. U., 1970, Absorption of iron from chapatti made from wheat flour, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 23:1267.
Elwood, P. C., Waters, W. E., and Sweetnam, P., 1971, The haematinic effect of iron in flour, Clin. Sci. 40:31.
Elwood, P. C., Waters, W. E., Benjamin, I. T., and Sweetnam, P. M., 1974, Mortality and anaemia in women, Lancet 1:891.
England, J. M., Ward, S. M., and Down, M. C., 1976, Microcytosis, anisocytosis, and the red cell indices in iron deficiency, Br. J. Haematol. 34:589.
Erbe, R. W., 1975, Inborn errors of folate metabolism, New Engl. J. Med. 293:753.
Ericson, L. E., and Banhidi, Z. G., 1953, Bacterial growth factors related to vitamin B12 and folinic acid in some brown and red seaweeds, Acta Chem. Scand. 7:167.
Fairbanks, V. F., 1971, Is the peripheral blood film reliable for the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia? Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 55:447.
Fairbanks, V. F., Fahey, J. L., and Beutler, E., 1971, Clinical Disorders of Iron Metabolism, 2nd ed. Grune & Stratton, New York.
Farquharson, J., and Adams, J. F., 1976, The forms of vitamin B12 in foods, Br. J. Nutr. 36:127.
Finch, C. A., 1969, Iron-deficiency anemia, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 22:512.
Finch, C. A., 1975, Erythropoiesis in protein-calorie malnutrition, in: Protein-CalorieMalnutrition (R. E. Olson, ed.), pp. 247–256, Academic Press, New York.
Finch, C.A., and Monsen, E. R., 1972, Iron nutrition and the fortification of food with iron, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 219:1462.
Finch, C. A., Deubelbeiss, K., Cook, J. D., Eschbach, J. W., Harker, L. A., Funk, D. D., Marsaglia, G., Hillman, R. S., Slichter, S., Adamson, J. W., Ganzoni, A., and Giblett, E. R., 1970, Ferrokinetics in man, Medicine 49:17.
Fleming, A. F., 1972, Urinary excretion of folate in pregnancy, J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Br. Commonw. 79:916.
Fleming, A. F., Hendrickse, J. P. De V., and Allan, N. C., 1968, The prevention of megaloblastic anaemia in pregnancy in Nigeria, J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Br. Common. 75:425.
Fletcher, J., Gurr, A., Fellingham, F. R., Prankerd, T. A. J., Brant, H. A., and Menzies, D. N., 1971, The value of folic acid supplements in pregnancy, J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Br. Commw. 78:781.
Foroozan, R., and Trier, J. S., 1967, Mucosa of the small intestine in pernicious anemia, New Engl. J. Med. 277:553.
Forshaw, J., Moorhouse, E. H., Harwood, L., 1964, Megaloblastic anaemia due to dietary deficiency, Lancet 1:1004.
Foy, H., and Kondi, A., 1968, Comparison between erythroid aplasia in maramus and washiorkor and the experimentally induced erythroid aplasia in baboons by riboflavin deficiency, Vitam. Horm. 26:653.
Franklin, J. L., and Rosenberg, I. H., 1973, Impaired folic acid absorption in inflammatory bowel disease: Effects of salicylazosulfapyridine (Azulfidine), Gastroenterology 64:517.
Freedman, M. L., and Rosman, J., 1976, A rabbit reticulocyte model for the role of hemin-controlled repressor in hypochromic anemias, J. Clin. Invest. 57:594.
Frenkel, E., and Kitchens, R. L., 1977, Applicability of an enzymatic quantitation of methylmalonic, propionic, and acetic acids in normal and megaloblastic states, Blood 49:125.
Gailani, S. D., Carey, R. W., Holland, J.F., and O’Malley, J. A., 1970, Studies of folate deficiency in patients with neoplastic diseases, Cancer Res. 30:327.
Geokas, M. C., and McKenna, R. D., 1967, Iron-deficiency anemia after partial gastrectomy, Can. Med. Assoc. J. 96:411.
Gerson, C. D., Cohen, N., Hepner, G. W., Brown, N., Herbert, V., and Janowitz, H. D., 1971, Folic acid absorption in man: Enhancing effect of glucose, Gastroenterology 61:224.
Gerson, C. D., Hepner, G. W., Borwn, N., Cohen, N., Herbert, V., and Janowitz, H. D., 1972, Inhibition by diphenylhydantoin of folic acid absorption in man, Gastroenterology 63:246.
Ghitis, J., 1967, The folate binding in milk, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 20:1.
Ghitis, J., Piazuelo, E., and Vitale, J. J., 1963a, Cali-Harvard Nutrition Project III: The erythroid atrophy of severe protein deficiency in monkeys, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 12:452.
Ghitis, J., Velez, H., Linares, F., Sinisterra, L., and Vitale, J., 1963b, Cali-Harvard Nutrition Project, II: The erythroid atrophy of kwashiorkor and marasmus, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 12:445.
Gianella, R. A., Broitman, S. A., and Zamcheck, N., 1971, Vitamin B12 uptake by intestinal microorganisms: Mechanism and relevance to syndromes of intestinal bacterial growth, J. Clin. Invest. 50:1100.
Gilles, H. M., Williams, E. J. W., and Ball, P. A. J., 1964, Hookworm infection and anaemia. An epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory study, Q. J. Med. 33:1.
Gleeson, M. H., and Graves, P. S., 1974, Complications of dietary deficiency of vitamin B12 in young Caucasians, Postgrad. Med. J. 50:462.
Glover, J., and Jacobs, A., 1971, Observations on iron in the jejunal lumen after a standard meal, Gut 12:369.
Goldberg, A., 1963, The anaemia of scurvy, Q. J. Med. 32:51.
Goldberg, A., Lochhead, A. C., and Dagg, J. H., 1963, Histamine-fast achlorhydria and iron absorption, Lancet 1:848.
Goltner, E., 1975, Iron requirement and deficiency in menstruating and pregnant women, in: Iron Metabolism and Its Disorders (H. Kief, ed.), pp. 159–167, American Elsevier, New York.
Gough, K. R., Read, A. E., McCarthy, CF., and Waters, A. H., 1963, Megaloblastic anaemia due to nutritional deficiency of folic acid, Q. J. Med. 32:243.
Gough, K. R., McCarthy, C., Read, A. E., Mollin, D. L., and Waters, A. H., 1964, Folic-acid deficiency in rheumatoid arthritis, Br. Med. J. 1:212.
Graham, G. C., and Cordano, A., 1969, Copper depletion and deficiency in the malnourished infant, Johns Hopkins Med. J. 124:139.
Gräsbeck, R., 1972, Familial selective vitamin B12 malabsorption, (Correspondence), New Engl. J. Med. 287:358.
Green, R., Charlton, R., Seftel, H., Bothwell, T., Mayet, F., Adams, B., Finch, C., and Layrisse, M., 1968, Body iron excretion in man: A collaborative study, Am. J. Med. 45:336.
Gross, S., Keffer, V., and Newman, A. J., 1964, The platelets in iron deficiency anemia, I: The response to oral and parenteral iron, Pediatrics 34:315.
Haden, H. T., 1967, Pyridoxine-responsive sideroblastic anemia due to antituberculosis drugs, Arch. Intern. Med. 120:602.
Haghshenass, M., Mahloudji, M., Reinhold, J. G., and Mohammadi, N., 1972, Iron-deficiency anemia in an Iranian population associated with high intakes of iron, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 25:1143.
Hakami, N., Neiman, P. E., Canellos, G. P., and Lazerson, J., 1971, Neonatal megaloblastic anemia due to inherited transcobalamin II deficiency in two siblings, New Engl. J. Med. 285:1163.
Hall, C. A., 1964, Long-term excretion of Co57-vitamin B12 and turnover within the plasma, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 14:156.
Hallberg, L., Högdahl, A. M., Nilsson, L., and Rybo, G., 1966a, Menstrual blood loss and iron deficiency, Acta Med. Scand. 180:639.
Hallberg, L., Hogdahl, A. M., Nilsson, L., and Rybo, G., 1966b, Menstrual blood loss—A population study, Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. 45:320.
Hallberg, L., Garby, L., Suwanik, R., and Bjorn-Rasmussen, E., 1974, Iron absorption from Southeast Asian diets, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 27:826.
Halsted, C. H., Sourial, N., Guindi, S., Mourad, K. A. H., Kattab, A. K., Carter, J. P., and Patwardhan, V. N., 1969, Anemia of kwashiorkor in Cairo: Deficiencies of protein, iron, and folic acid, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 22:1371.
Halsted, C. H., Robles, E. A., and Mezey, E., 1971, Decreased jejunal uptake of labeled folic acid (3H-PGA) in alcoholic patients: Roles of alcohol and nutrition, New Engl. J. Med. 285:701.
Halsted, C. H., Robles, E. A., and Mezey, E., 1973, Intestinal malabsorption in folate-deficient alcoholics, Gastroenterology 64:526.
Halsted, C. H., Baugh, C.M., and Butterworth, C. E., Jr., 1975, Jejunal perfusion of simple and conjugated folates in man, Gastroenterology 68:261.
Hansen, H., and Rybo, G., 1967, Folic acid dosage in prophylactic treatment during pregnancy, Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. Suppl. 7:107.
Harker, L. A., Finch, C. A., 1969, Thrombokinetics in man, J. Clin. Invest. 48:963.
Harris, J. W., and Horrigan, D. L., 1964, Pyridoxine-responsive anemia: The prototype and variation on the theme. Analysis of 72 patients. Vitam. Horm. 22:721.
Haurani, F. I., Hall, C. A., and Rubin, R. N., 1976, Megaloblastic anemia due to an abnormal transcobalamin II, Blood 48:964.
Hausmann, K., Kuse, R., Meinecke, K. H., Bartels, H., and Heinrich, H. C., 1971, Diagnostische Kriterien des pralatenten, latenten, and manifesten eisenmangels, Klin. Wochenschr. 49:1164.
Heath, C. W., Jr., 1966, Cytogenetic observations in vitamin B12 and folate deficiency, Blood 27:800.
Heilmeyer, L., 1964, Human hyposideraemia, in: Iron Metabolism (F. Gross, ed.), pp. 201–205, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Heinrich, H. C., 1975a, Clinical aspects of iron absorption and turnover, in: Iron Metabolism and Its Disorders (H. Kief, ed.), pp. 34–61, American Elsevier, New York.
Heinrich, H. C., 1975b, Definition and pathogenesis of iron deficiency, in: Iron Metabolism and Its Disorders (H. Kief, ed.), pp. 113–122, American Elsevier, New York.
Heinrich, H. C., Gabbe, E. E., and Whang, D. H., 1971, Physikalische und biologische Halbwertzeit von radiochemisch reinem 59Fe,Z. Naturforsch. 26b: 13.
Henderson, J. T., Simpson, J. D., Warwick, R. R. G., and Shearman, J. C., 1972, Does malabsorption of vitamin B12 occur in chronic pancreatitis? Lancet 2:241.
Hepner, G. W., Booth, C. C., Cowan, J., Hoffbrand, A. V., and Mouin, D. L., 1968, Absorption of crystalline folic acid in man, Lancet 2:302.
Herbert, V., 1962a, Minimal daily adult folate requirement, Arch. Intern. Med. 110:649.
Herbert, V., 1962b, Experimental nutritional folate deficiency in man, Trans. Assoc. Am. Physicians 75:307.
Herbert, V., 1963, A palatable diet for producing experimental folate deficiency in man, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 12:17.
Herbert, V., and Tisman, G., 1973, Effects of deficiencies of folic acid and vitamin B12 on central nervous system function and development, in: Biology of Brain Dysfunction (G. E. Gaull, ed.), pp. 373–392, Plenum Press, New York.
Herbert, V., and Zalusky, R., 1961, Megaloblastic anaemia in scurvy with response to 50 micrograms of folic acid daily, New Engl. J. Med. 265:1033.
Herbert, V., and Zalusky, R., 1962, Interrelationships of vitamin B12 and folic acid metabolism: Folic acid clearance studies, J. Clin. Invest. 41:1263.
Herbert, V., Larrabee, A. R., and Buchanan, J. M., 1962, Studies on the identification of a folate compound of human serum, J. Clin. Invest. 41:1134.
Herbert, V., Zalusky, R., and Davidson, C. S., 1963, Correlation of folate deficiency with alcoholism and associated macrocytosis, anemia, and liver disease, Ann. Intern. Med. 58:977.
Herbert, V., Tisman, G., Go, L. T., and Brenner, L., 1973, The dU suppression test using 1251-UdR to define biochemical megaloblastosis, Br. J. Haematol. 24:713.
Hermos, J. A., Adams, W. H., Liu, Y. K., Sullivan, L. W., and Trier, J. S., 1972, Mucosa of the small intestine in folate-deficient alcoholics, Ann.Intern. Med. 76:957.
Heyssel, R. M., Bozian, R. C., Darby, W. J., and Bell, M. C., 1966, Vitamin B12 turnover in man, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 18:176.
Hild, D. H., 1969, Folate losses from the skin in exfoliative dermatitis, Arch. Intern. Med. 123:51.
Hillman, R. S., and Henderson, P. A., 1969, Control of marrow production by the level of iron supply, J. Clin. Invest. 48:454.
Hillman, R. S., McGuffin, R., and Campbell, C., 1977, Alcohol interference with the folate enterohepatic cycle, Trans. Assoc. Am. Phys. 90:145.
Hines, J. D., 1966, Megaloblastic anemia in an adult vegan, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 19:260.
Hines, J. D., 1969, Reversible megaloblastic and sideroblastic abnormalities in alcoholic patients, Br. J. Haematol. 16:87.
Hines, J. D., and Cowan, D. H., 1970, Studies on the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced sideroblastic bone-marrow abnormalities, N. Engl. J. Med. 283:441.
Hines, J. D., and Cowan, D. H., 1974, Anemia in alcoholism, in: Drugs and Hematologic Reactions (N. V. Dimitrov and J. H. Nodine, eds.), p. 141, Grune & Stratton, New York.
Hines, J. D., and Grasso, J. A., 1970, The sideroblastic anemias, Semin. Hematol. 7:86.
Hines, J. D., Hoffbrand, A. V., and Mollin, D. L., 1967, The hematologic complications following partial gastrectomy: A study of 292 patients, Am. J. Med. 43:555.
Hitzig, W. H., Dohmann, U., Pluss, H. J., and Vischer, D., 1974, Hereditary transcobalamin II deficiency: Clinical findings in a new family, J. Pediatr. 85:622.
Hobbs, J. R., 1961, Iron deficiency after partial gastrectomy, Gut 2:141.
Hodges, R. E., Hood, J., Canham, J. E., Säuberlich, H. E., and Baker, E. M., 1971, Clinical manifestations of ascorbic acid deficiency in man, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 24:432.
Hoffbrand, A. V., 1970, Folate deficiency in premature infants, Arch. Dis. Child. 45:441.
Hoffbrand, A. V., 1971, The megaloblastic anemias, in: Recent Advances in Haematology (A. Goldberg and M. C. Brain, eds.), pp. 1–76, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh.
Hoffbrand, A. V., 1974, Vitamin B12 and folate metabolism: The megaloblastic anemias and related disorders, in: Blood and Its Disorders (R. M. Hardisty and D. T. Weatherall, eds.), pp. 392–472, Blackwell, Oxford.
Hoffbrand, A. V., 1975, Synthesis and breakdown of natural folates (folate polyglutamates), Prog. Hematol. 9:85.
Hoffbrand, A. V., and Peters, T. J., 1969, The subcellular localization of pteroyl polyglutamate hydrolase and folate in guinea pig intestinal mucosa, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 192:479.
Hoffbrand, A. V., and Tripp, E., 1972, Unbalanced deoxyribonucleotide synthesis caused by methotrexate, Br. Med. J. 2:140.
Hoffbrand, A. V., Chanarin, L, Kremenchuzky, S., Szur, L., Waters, A. H., and Mollin, D. L., 1968, Megaloblastic anaemia in myelosclerosis, Q. J. Med. 37:493.
Hoffbrand, A. V., Ganeshaguru, K., Hooton, J. W. L., and Tattersall, M. H. N., 1976, Effect of iron deficiency and desferrioxamine on DNA synthesis in human cells, Br. J. Haematol. 33:517.
Holt, J. M., Gear, M. W. L., and Warner, G. T., 1970, The role of chronic blood loss in the pathogenesis of postgastrectomy iron-deficiency anaemia, Gut 11:847.
Hoppner, K., Lampi, B., and Perrin, D. E., 1973, Folacin activity of frozen convenience foods, J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 63:536.
Hoppner, K., Lampi, B., and Smith, D. C., 1977, Data on folacin activity in foods: Availability, applications, and limitations, in: Folic Acid, Workshop on Human Folate Requirements, pp. 69–81, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C.
Horwitt, M. K., Century, B., and Zemen, A. A., 1963, Erythrocyte survival time and reticulocyte levels after tocopherol depletion in man, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 12:99.
Hryniuk, W. M., 1972, Purineless death as a link between growth rate and cytotoxicity by methotrexate, Cancer Res. 32:1506.
Huff, R. L., Hennessy, T. G., Austin, R. E., Garcia, J. F., Roberts, B. M., and Lawrence, J. H., 1950, Plasma and red cell iron turnover in normal subjects and in patients having various hematopoietic disorders, J. Clin. Invest. 29:1041.
Hurdle, A. D. F., Barton, D., and Searles, I. H., 1968, A method for measuring folate in food and its application to hospital diet, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 21:1202.
Inamdar-Deshmukh, A. B., Jathar, V. S., Joseph, D. A., and Satoskar, R. S., 1976, Erythrocyte vitamin B12 activity in healthy Indian lactovegetarians, Br. J. Haematol. 32:395.
Iyengar, L., and Rajalakshmi, K., 1975, Effect of folic acid supplement on birth weights of infants, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 122:332.
Izak, G., Rachmilewitz, M., Zan, S., and Grossowicz, N., 1963, The effect of small doses of folic acid in nutritional megaloblastic anemia, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 13:369.
Jacob, H. S., and Amsden, T., 1971, Acute hemolytic anemia with rigid red cells in hypophosphatemia, New Engl. J. Med. 285:1446.
Jacobs, A., 1971, Iron absorption, J. Clin. Pathol. 24, Suppl. 5:55.
Jacobs, A., and Greenman, D. A., 1969, Availability of food iron, Br. Med. J. 1:673.
Jacobs, A., and Miles, P. M., 1969, Intraluminal transport of iron from stomach to small-intestinal mucosa, Br. Med. J. 4:778.
Jacobs, A., and Worwood, M., 1974, Iron metabolism, iron deficiency and overload, in: Blood and Its Disorders (R. M. Hardisty and D. J. Weatherall, eds.), pp. 332–391, Blackwell, Oxford.
Jacobs, A., Rhodes, J., and Eakins, J. D., 1967, Gastric factors influencing iron absorption in anaemic patients, Scand. J. Haematol. 4:105.
Jacobs, P., Bothwell, T. H., and Charlton, R. W., 1964, Role of hydrochloric acid in iron absorption, J. Appl. Physiol. 19:187.
Jacobson, E. D., Chodos, R. B., and Faloon, W. W., 1960, An experimental melabsorption syndrome induced by neomycin, Am. J. Med. 28:524.
Jadhav, M., Webbe, J. K. G., Vaishnava, S., and Baker, S. J., 1962, Vitamin-B12 deficiency in Indian infants, Lancet 2:903.
Jameson, D., Killander, A., and Wadman, B., 1971, Iron deficiency anaemia and “normal” bone marrow haemosiderin, Blut 23:61.
Jeffries, G. H., and Sleisenger, M. H., 1965, The pharmacology of intrinsic factor secretion in man, Gastroenterology 48:444.
Johns, D. G., Sperti, S., and Burgen, A. S. V., 1961, The metabolism of tritiated folic acid in man, 7. Clin. Invest. 40:1684.
Joynson, D. H. M., Jacobs, A., Walker, D. M., and Dolby, A. E., 1972, Defect of cell-mediated immunity in patients with iron-deficiency anaemia, Lancet 2:1058.
Kapadia, C. R., Bhat, P., Jacob, E., and Baker, S. J., 1975, Vitamin B12 absorption—a study of intraluminal events in control subjects and patients with tropical sprue, Gut 16:988.
Karpatkin, S., Garg, S. K., and Freedman, M. L., 1974, Role of iron as a regulator of thrombopoiesis, Am. J. Med. 57:521.
Karpel, J. T., and Peden, V. H., 1972, Copper deficiency in long term parenteral nutrition, J. Pediatr. 80:32.
Kass, L., 1976, Historical aspects of pernicious anemia, in: Pernicious Anemia, pp. 1–63, W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia.
Katz, M., Lee, S. K., and Cooper, B. A., 1972, Vitamin B12 malabsorption due to a biologically inert intrinsic factor, New Engl. J. Med. 287:425.
Katz, M., Mehlman, C. S., and Allen, R. H., 1974, Isolation and characterization of an abnormal human intrinsic factor, J. Clin. Invest. 53:1274.
Kaunitz, J., and Lindenbaum, J., 1977, Bioavailability of folic acid added to wine, Ann.Intern. Med. 87:542.
Kendall, A. C., Jones, E. E., Wilson, C. I. D., Shinton, N. K., and Elwood, P. C., 1974, Folic acid in low birthweight infants, Arch. Dis. Child. 49:736.
Kikuchi, G., Kumar, A., Talmage, P., and Shemin, D., 1958, The enzymatic synthesis of δ-aminolevulinic acid, J. Biol. Chem. 233:1214.
Kimber, C., Patterson, J. F., and Weintraub, L. R., 1967, The pathogenesis of iron deficiency anemia following partial gastrectomy: A study of iron balance, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 202:935.
Klipstein, F. A., 1964, Subnormal serum folate and macrocytosis associated with anticonvulsant drug therapy, Blood 23:68.
Klipstein, F. A., 1966, Folate deficiency secondary to disease of the intestinal tract, Bull. N.Y. Acad. Med. 42:638.
Klipstein, F. A., and Lindenbaum, J., 1965, Folate deficiency in chronic liver disease, Blood 25:443.
Klock, J. C., Williams, H. E., and Mentzer, W. C., 1974, Hemolytic anemia and somatic cell dysfunction in severe hypophosphatemia, Arch. Intern. Med. 134:360.
Kremenchuzky, S., and Hoffbrand, A. V., 1965, Folate deficiency in polycythaemia rubra vera, Br. J. Haematol. 11:600.
Kulapongs, P., 1975, The effect of vitamin E on the anemia of protein-calorie malnutrition in northern Thai children, in: Protein-Calorie Malnutrition (R. E. Olson, ed.), pp. 263–268, Academic Press, New York.
Kulapongs, P., Vithayasai, V., Suskind, R., and Olson, R. E., 1974, Cell-mediated immunity aand phagocytosis and killing function in children with severe iron-deficiency anaemia, Lancet 2:689.
Kushner, J. P., Lee, G. R., Wintrobe, M. M., and Cartwright, G. E., 1971, Ldopathic refractory sideroblastic anemia: Clinical and laboratory investigation of 17 patients and review of the literature, Medicine 50:139.
Lane, M., and Alfrey, C. P., Jr., 1965, The anemia of human riboflavin deficiency, Blood 24:442.
Lane, M., Smith, F.E., and Alfrey, C. P., 1975, Experimental dietary and antagonist-induced human riboflavin deficiency, in: Riboflavin (R. S. Rivlin, ed.), pp. 245–277, Plenum Press, New York.
Lanzkowsky, P., 1970, Congenital malabsorption of folate, Am. J. Med. 48:580.
Lanzkowsky, P., McKenzie, D., Katz, S., Hoffenberg, R., Friedman, R., and Black, E., 1967, Erythrocyte abnormality induced by protein malnutrition, Br. J. Haematol. 13:639.
Lavoie, A., Tripp, E., and Hoffbrand, A. V., 1974, The effect of vitamin B12 deficiency on methylfolate metabolism and pteroylpolyglutamate synthesis in human cells, Clin. Sci. Mol. Med. 47:617.
Lavoie, A., Tripp, E., Parsa, K., and Hoffbrand, A. V., 1975, Polyglutamate forms of folate in resting and proliferating mammalian tissues, Clin. Sci. Mol. Med. 48:67.
Layrisse, M., 1975, Dietary iron absorption, in: Iron Metabolism and Its Disorders (H. Kief, ed.), pp. 25–33, American Elsevier, New York.
Layrisse, M., Linares, J., and Roche, M., 1965, Excess hemolysis in subjects with severe iron deficiency anemia associated and nonassociated with hookworm infection, Blood 25:73.
Layrisse, M., Martinez-Torres, C., and Roche, M., 1968, Effect of interaction of various foods on iron absorption, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 21:1175.
Lee, G. R., Williams, D. M., and Cartwright, G. E., 1976, Role of copper in iron metabolism and heme biosynthesis, in: Trace Elements in Human Health and Disease (A. S. Prasad, ed.), pp. 373–390, Academic Press, New York.
Leonard, P. J., and Losowsky, M. S., 1971, Effect of alpha-tocopherol administration on red cell survival in vitamin E-deficient human subjects, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 24:388.
Lichtman, M. A., Miller, D. R., and Freeman, R. B., 1969, Erythrocyte adenosine triphosphate depletion during hypophosphatemia in a uremic subject, New Engl. J. Med. 280:240.
Lindenbaum, J., 1973, Tropical enteropathy, Gastroenterology, 64:637.
Lindenbaum, J., 1977a, Folic acid requirement in situations of increased need, in: Folic Acid, Workshop on Human Folate pp. 256–276, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C.
Lindenbaum, J., 1977b, Metabolic effects of alcohol on the blood and bone marrow, in: Metabolic Aspects of Alcoholism (C. S. Lieber, ed.), pp. 215–247, MTP Press, Lancaster, England.
Lindenbaum, J., 1977c, Macrocytic (megaloblastic) anemia (other than pernicious anemia), in: Current Therapy 1977, (H. F. Conn, ed.), pp. 262–265, W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia.
Lindenbaum, J., and Klipstein, F. A., 1963, Folic acid deficiency in sickle-cell anemia, New Engl. J. Med. 269:875.
Lindenbaum, J., and Lieber, C. S., 1969a, Alcohol-induced malabsorption of vitamin B12 in man, Nature (Lond.) 224:806.
Lindenbaum, J., and Lieber, C. S., 1969b, Hematologic effects of alcohol in man in the absence of nutritional deficiency, New Engl. J. Med. 281:333.
Lindenbaum, J., Pezzimenti, J. F., and Shea, N., 1974, Small-intestinal function in vitamin B12 deficiency, Ann. Intern. Med. 80:326.
Lindenbaum, J., Whitehead, N., and Reyner, F., 1975, Oral contraceptive hormones, folate metabolism, and the cervical epithelium, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 28:346.
Linder, M. C., and Munro, H. N., 1977, The mechanism of iron absorption and its regulation, Fed. Proc. 36:2017.
Lipschitz, D. A., Bothwell, T. H., Seftel, H. C., Wapnick, A. A., and Charlton, R. W., 1971, The role of ascorbic acid in the metabolism of storage iron, Br. J. Haematol. 20:155.
Lipschitz, D. A., Cook, J. D., and Finch, C. A., 1974, A clinical evaluation of serum ferritin as an index of iron stores, New Engl. J. Med. 290:1213.
Losowsky, M. S., and Hall, R., 1965, Hereditary sideroblastic anaemia, Br. J. Haematol. 11:70.
Lowenstein, L., Brunton, L., and Hsieh, Y.-S., 1966, Nutritional anemia and megaloblastosis in pregnancy, Can. Med. Assoc. J. 94:636.
Luhby, A. L., 1959, Megaloblastic anaemia in infancy, III: Clinical considerations and analysis, J. Pediatr. 54:617.
Lumeng, L., and Li, T., 1974, Vitamin B6 metabolism in chronic alcohol abuse, J. Clin. Invest. 53:693.
MacDougall, L. G., Judisch, J. M., and Mistry, S. B., 1970, Red cell metabolism in iron efficiency anemia, II: The relationship between red cell survival and alterations in red cell metabolism, J. Pediatr. 76:660.
MacGibbon, B. H., and Mollin, D. L., 1965, Sideroblastic anaemia in man: Observations on seventy cases, Br. J. Haematol. 11:59.
McGuigan, J. E., and Volwiler, W., 1964, Celiac sprue: Malabsorption of iron in the absence of steatorrhea, Gastroenterology 47:636.
Mclntyre, O. R., Sullivan, L. W., Jeffries, G. H., and Silver, R. H., 1965, Pernicious anemia in childhood, New Engl. J. Med. 272:981.
Mackenzie, I. L., Donaldson, R. M., Trier, J. S., and Mathan, V. I., 1972, Ileal mucosa in familial selective vitamin B12 malabsorption, New Engl. J. Med. 286:1021.
MacLean, L. D., and Sundberg, R. D., 1956, Incidence of megaloblastic anemia after total gastrectomy in man, New Engl. J. Med. 254:885.
Mahoney, M. J., and Rosenberg, L. E., 1975, Inborn errors of cobalamin metabolism, in: Cobalamin (B. M. Babior, ed.), pp. 369–402, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Mahmud, K., Ripley D., and Doscherholmen, A., 1971, Vitamin B12 absorption tests: Their unreliability in postgastrectomy states, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 216:1167.
Majaj, A. S., Dinning, J. S., Azzam, S. A., and Darby, W. J., 1963, Vitamin E responsive megaloblastic anemia in infants with protein-calorie malnutrition, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 12:374.
Margo, G., Barker, M., Fernandes-Costa, F., Colman, N., Green, R., and Metz, J., 1975, Prevention of folate deficiency by food fortification, VII: The use of bread as a vehicle for folate supplementation, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 28:761.
Mason, D. Y., and Emerson, P. M., 1973, Primary acquired sideroblastic anaemia: Response to treatment with pridoxal-5-phosphate, Br. Med. J. 1:389.
Mehta, B. M., Rege, D. V., and Satoskar, R. S., 1964, Serum vitamin B12 and folic acid activity in lactovegetarian and non-vegetarian healthy adult Indians, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 15:77.
Melhorn, D. K., and Gross, S., 1971a, Vitamin E-dependent anemia in the premature infant, I: Effects of large doses of medicinal iron, J. Pediatr. 79:569.
Melhorn, D. K., and Gross, S., 1971b, Vitamin E-dependent anemia in the premature infant, II: Relationships between gestational age and absorption of vitamin E, J. Pediatr. 79:581.
Metz, J., Kelly, A., Swett, V. C., Waxman, S., and Herbert, V., 1968, Deranged DNA synthesis by bone marrow from vitamin B12-deficient humans, Br. J. Haematol. 14:575.
Minnich, V., Okcuoglu, A., Tarcon, Y., Arcasoy, A., Cin, S., Yorukoglu, O., Renda, F., and Demirag, B., 1968, Pica in Turkey, II: Effect of clay upon iron absorption, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 21:78.
Mollin, D. L., Anderson, B. B., and Burman, J. F., 1976, The serum vitamin B12 level: Its assay and significance, Clin. Haematol. 5:521.
Monsen, E. R., Kuhn, I. N., and Finch, C. A., 1967, Iron status of menstruating women, Aw. J. Clin. Nutr. 20:842.
Monto, R. W., Kavanaugh, D., and Rebuck, J. W., 1958, Severe nutritional macrocytic anemia in emotionally disturbed patients, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 6:105.
Multani, J. S., Cepurneek, C. P., Davis, P. S., and Saltman, P., 1970, Biochemical haracterization of gastroferrin, Biochemistry 9:3970.
Natvig, H., and Vellar, O. D., 1967, Studies on hemoglobin values in Norway, VII: Hemoglobin, hematocrit, and MCHC values in adult men and women, Acta Med. Scand. 182:193.
Natvig, H., and Vellar, O. D., 1973, Iron-fortified bread, Acta Med. Scand. 194:463.
Neale, G., Natcliffe, A. C., Welbourn, R. B., Mollin, D. L., and Booth, C. C., 1967, Protein malnutrition after partial gastrectomy, Q. J. Med. 36:469.
Nixon, P. F., and Bertino, J. R., 1972, Impaired utilization of serum folate in pernicious anemia: A study with radiolabeled 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, J. Clin. Invest. 51:1431.
Nixon, R. K., and Olson, J. P., 1968, Diagnosis and treatment: Diagnostic value of marrow hemosiderin patterns, A «ai. Intern. Med. 69:1249.
Noronha, J. M., and Silverman, M., 1962, On folic acid, vitamin B12, methionine, and formiminoglutamic acid metabolism, in: Vitamin B 12 and Intrinsic Factor, (H. C. Henrich, ed.), Second European Symposium, Hamburg, 1961 Enke Verlag, Stuttgart.
Norris, J. W., and Pratt, R. F., 1974, Folic acid deficiency and epilepsy, Drugs, 8:366.
Noyes, W. E., and Jordan, P. H., 1964, Small bowel iron absorption in an unusual patient, Gastroenterology 46:421.
Nyberg, W., 1960, The influence of diphyllobothrium latum on the vitamin B12 intrinsic factor complex, I: In vivo studies with Schilling test technique, Acta Med. Scand. 167:185.
Olsson, K. S., 1972, Iron stores in normal men and male blood donors, Acta Med. Scand. 92:401.
Oski, F. A., and Barness, L. A., 1967, Vitamin E deficiency: A previously unrecognized cause of hemolytic anemia in premature infants, J. Pediatr. 70:211.
Panos, T. C., Stinnett, B., Zapat, G., Eminians, J., Marasigman, B., and Beard, A. G., 1968, Vitamin E and linoleic acid in the feeding of premature infants, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 21:15.
Pereira, S. M., and Baker, S. J., 1966, Hematologic studies in kwashiorkor, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 18:413.
Peters, T. J., and Hoffbrand, A. V., 1970, Absorption of vitamin B12 by the guinea-pig, I: Subcellular localization of vitamin B12 in the ileal enterocyte during absorption, Br. J. Haematol. 19:369.
Pezzimenti, J. F., and Lindenbaum, J., 1972, Megaloblastic anemia associated with erythroid hypoplasia, Am. J. Med. 53:748.
Pollycove, M., 1966, Iron metabolism and kinetics, Semin. Hematol. 3:235.
Prasad, A. S., Halsted, J. A., and Nadimi, M., 1961, Syndrome of iron deficiency anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, hypogonadism, dwarfism, and geophagia, Am. J. Med. 31:532.
Prasad, A. S., Tranchida, L., Konno, E. T., Berman, L., Albert, S., Sing, C. F., and Brewer, G. J., 1968, Hereditary sideroblastic anemia and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in a Negro family, J. Clin. Invest. 47:1415.
Pratt, R. F., and Cooper, B. A., 1971, Folates in plasma and bile of man after feeding folic acid-3H and 5-formyltetrahydrofolate (folinic acid), J. Clin. Invest. 50:455.
Prieto, J., Barry, M., and Sherlock, S., 1975, Serum ferritin in patients with iron overload and with acute and chronic liver diseases, Gastroenterology 68:525.
Pritchard, J. A., and Mason, R. A., 1964, Iron stores of normal adults and replenishment with oral iron therapy, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 190:897.
Pritchard, J. A., and Scott, D. E., 1970, Iron demands during pregnancy, in: Iron Deficiency (L. Hallberg, H. G. Harwerth, and A. Vannotti, eds.), pp. 173–182, Academic Press, New York.
Pritchard, J. A., Scott, D. E., and Whalley, P. J., 1969, Folic acid requirements in pregnancy-induced megaloblastic anemia, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 208:1163.
Race, T. F., Paes, I. C., and Faloon, W. W., 1970, Intestinal malabsorption induced by oral colchicine: Comparison with neomycin and cathartic agents, Am. J. Med. Sci. 259:32.
Rath, CE., and Finch, C A., 1948, Sternal marrow hemosiderin: Method for determination of available iron stores in man, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 33:81.
Reinhold, J. G., 1971, High phytate content of rural Iranian bread: A possible cause of human zinc deficiency, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 24:204.
Reisenauer, A. M., Krumdieck, C L., and Halsted, C. H., 1977, Folate conjugase: Two separate activities in human jejunum, Science 198:196.
Retief, F. P., and Huskisson, Y. J., 1969, Serum and urinary folate in liver disease, Br. Med. J. 2:150.
Reynolds, R. D., Binder, H. J., Miller, M. B., Chang, W. W. U., and Horan, S., 1968, Pagophagia and iron deficiency anemia, Ann. Intern. Med. 69:435.
Ritchie, J. H., Fish, M. B., McMasters, V., and Grossman, M., 1968, Edema and hemolytic anemia in premature infants: A vitamin E deficiency syndrome, New Engl. J. Med. 279:1185.
Roberts, P. D., Hoffbrand, A. V., and Mollin, D. L., 1966, Iron and folate metabolism in tuberculosis, Br. Med. J. 2:198.
Roberts, P. D., St. John, D. J. B., Sinha, R., Stewart, J. S., Baird, I. M., Coghill, N. F., and Morgan, J. O., 1971, Apparent folate deficiency in iron-deficiency anaemia, Br. J. Haematol. 20:165.
Roche, M., and Layrisse, M., 1966, The nature and causes of “hookworm anemia,” Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 15:1031
Ronaghy, H. A., Moe, P. G., and Halsted, J. A., 1968, A six-year follow-up of Iranian patients with dwarfism, hypogonadism, and iron-deficiency anemia, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 21:700.
Rose, M. S., and Chanarin, I., 1971, Intrinsic-factor antibody and absorption of vitamin B12 in pernicious anaemia, Br. Med. J. 1:25.
Roselle, H. A., 1970, Association of laundry starch and clay ingestion with anemia in New York City, Arch. Intern. Med. 125:57.
Rosenberg, I. H., 1976, Absorption and malabsorption of folates, Clin. Haematol. 5:589.
Rothenberg, S. P., and Da Costa, M., 1976, Folate binding proteins and radioassay for folate, Clin. Haematol. 5:569.
Sakamoto, S., Niina, M., and Takaku, F., 1975, Thymidylate synthetase activity in bone marrow cells in pernicious anemia, Blood 46:699.
Salokannel, J., 1971, Intrinsic factor in tapeworm anemia, Acta Med. Scand. 189, Suppl. 517:1
Santiago-Borrero, P. J., Santini, R., Jr., Perez-Santiago, E., and Maldonado, N., 1973, Congenital isolated defect of folic acid absorption, J. Pediatr. 82:450.
Santini, R., Brewster, C., and Butterworth, C. E., 1964, The distribution of folic acid active compounds in individual foods, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 14:205.
Schade, S. G., Feick, P., Muckerheide, M., and Schilling, R. F., 1966, Occurrence in gastric juice of antibody to a complex of intrinsic factor and vitamin Bi2, New Engl. J. Med. 275:528.
Schade, S. G., Cohen, R. J., and Conrad, M. E., 1968, Effect of hydrochloric acid on iron absorption, New Engl. J. Med. 279:672.
Scher, H., and Silber, R., 1976, Iron responsive thrombocytopenia, Ann.Intern. Med. 84:571.
Schilling, R. F., 1953, Intrinisic factor studies, II: The effect of gastric juice on the urinary excretion of radioactivity after the oral administration of radioactive vitamin B12, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 42:860.
Scott, D. E., and Pritchard, J. A., 1967, Iron deficiency in healthy young college women, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 199:897.
Scott, J. M., and Weir, D. G., 1976, Folate composition, synthesis, and function in natural materials, Clin. Haematol. 5:547.
Sears, D. A., Anderson, P. R., Foy, A. L., Williams, H. L., and Crosby, W. H., 1966, Urine iron excretion and renal metabolism of hemoglobin in hemolytic diseases, Blood 28:708.
Seely, J. R., Humphrey, G. B., and Matter, B. J., 1972, Copper deficiency in a premature infant fed an iron-fortified formula, (Letter to the Editor), New Engl. J. Med. 286:109.
Sevitt, L. H., and Hoffbrand, A. V., 1969, Serum folate and vitamin B12 levels in acute and chronic renal disease: Effect of peritoneal dialysis, Br. Med. J. 2:18.
Shahidi, N. T., Nathan, D. G., and Diamond, L. K., 1964, Iron deficiency anemia associated with an error of iron metabolism in two siblings, J. Clin. Invest. 43:510.
Shapiro, J., Alberts, H. W., Welch, P., and Metz, J., 1965, Folate and vitamin B12 deficiency associated with lactation, Br. J. Haematol. 11:498.
Shimoda, S., Saunders, D. R., and Rubin, C. E., 1968, The Zollinger-Ellison syndrome with steatorrhea, II: The mechanism of fat and vitamin B12 malabsorption, Gastroenterology 55:705.
Siang, S. C., England, N. W. J., and O’Brien, W., 1966, Megaloblastic anaemia in Asians in Singapore, Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 60:668.
Solvell, L., 1970, Oral iron therapy-side effects, in: Iron Deficiency (L. Hallberg, H. G. Harwerth, and A. Vonnotti, eds.), pp. 573–583, Academic Press, New York.
Sood, S. K., Deo, M. G., and Ramalingaswami, V., 1965, Anemia in experimental protein deficiency in the Rhesus monkey with special reference to iron metabolism, Blood 26:421.
Stebbins, R., Scott, J., and Herbert, V., 1973, Drug-induced megaloblastic anemias, Semin. Hematol. 10:235.
Stevens, A. R., Jr., Pirzio-Biroli, G., Harkins, H. N., Nyhus, L. M., and Finch, C. A., 1959, Iron metabolism in patients after partial gastrectomy, Ann. Surg. 149:534.
Stewart, J. S., Roberts, P. D., and Hoffbrand, A. V., 1970, Response of dietary vitamin-B12n deficiency to physiological oral doses of cyanocobalamin, Lancet 2:542.
Stokes, P. L., Melikian, V., Leemung, R. L., Portman-Graham, H., Blair, J. A., and Cooke, W. T., 1975, Folate metabolism in scurvy, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 28:126.
Strickland, R. G., and Mackay, I. R., 1973, A reappraisal of the nature and significance of chronic atrophic gastritis, Am. J. Dig. Dis. 18:426.
Strickland, R. G., Baur, S., Ashworth, L. A. E., and Taylor, K. B., 1971. A correlative study of immunological phenomena in pernicious anaemia, Clin. Exp. Immunol. 8:25.
Sullivan, L. W., and Herbert, V., 1964, Suppression of hematopoiesis by ethanol, J. Clin. Invest. 43:2048.
Takkunen, H., and Seppanen, R., 1975, Iron deficiency and dietary factors in Finland, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 28:1141.
Tamura, T., and Stokstad, E. L. R., 1973, The availability of food folate in man, Br. J. Haematol. 25:513.
Tamura, T., Shin, Y. S., Buehring, K. U., and Stokstad, E. L. R., 1976, The availability of folates in man: Effect of orange juice supplement on intestinal conjugase, Br. J. Haematol. 32:123.
Tauro, G. P., Danks, D. M., Rowe, P. B., Van der Weyden, M. B., Schwarz, M. A., Dollins, V. L., and Neal, B. W., 1976, Dihydrofolate reductase deficiency causing megaloblastic anemia in two families, New Engl. J. Med. 294:466.
Taylor, R. T., Hanna, M. L., 1974, 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate homocysteine cobalamin methyl-transferase in human bone marrow and its relationship to pernicious anemia, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 165:787.
Territo, M. C., and Tanaka, K. R., 1974, Hypophosphatemia in chronic alcoholism, Arch.Intern. Med. 134:445.
Thomas, F. B., Falko, J. M., and Zuckerman, K., 1976, Inhibition of intestinal iron absorption by laundry starch, Gastroenterology 71:1028.
Tisman, G., and Herbert, V., 1973, B12 dependence of cell uptake of serum folate: An explanation for high serum folate and cell folate depletion in B12 deficiency, Blood 41:465.
Tomkin, G. H., 1973, Malabsorption of vitamin B12 in diabetic patients treated with phenformin: A comparison with metformin, Br. Med. J. 3:673.
Torrance, J. D., Charlton, R. W., Schmaman, A., Lynch, S. R., and Bothwell, T. H., 1968, Storage iron in muscle, J. Clin. Pathol. 21:495.
Toskes, P. P., and Deren, J. J., 1973, Vitamin B12 absorption and malabsorption, Gastroenterology 65:662.
Touraine, R., Revus, J., Zittoun, J., Jarret, J., and Tulliez, M., 1973, Study of folate in psoriasis: Blood levels, intestinal absorption and cutaneous loss, Br. J. Dermatol. 89:335.
Tso, S. C., 1976, Significance of subnormal red-cell folate in thalassaemia, J. Clin. Pathol. 29:140.
Turnbull, A. L., 1965, The absorption of radioiron given with a standard meal after Polya partial gastrectomy, Clin. Sci. 28:499.
Tumbull, A., 1974, Iron Abosrption, in: Iron in Biochemistry and Medicine (A. Jacobs and M. Worwood, eds.), pp. 369–403, Academic Press, New York.
Twomey, J. J., Jordan, P. H., Jarrold, T., Trubowitz, S., Ritz, N. D., and Conn, H. O., 1969, The syndrome of immunoglobulin deficiency and pernicious anemia, Am. J. Med. 47:340.
van der Weyden, M., Rother, M., and Firkin, B., 1972, Megaloblastic maturation masked by iron deficiency: A biochemical basis, Br. J. Haematol. 22:299.
Vanier, T. M., and Tyas, J. F., 1967, Folic acid status in premature infants, Arch. Dis. Child. 42:57.
Venkatachalam, P. S., 1968, Iron metabolism and iron deficiency in India, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 21:1156.
Wallensten, S., 1954, Results of the surgical treatment of peptic ulcer by partial gastrectomy according to Billroth I and II methods, Acta Chir. Scand. Suppl. 191:1.
Waslien, C. I., 1977, Folacin requirement of infants, in: Folic Acid, pp. 232–246, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C.
Waters, A. H., and Mollin, D. L., 1963, Observations on the metabolism of folic acid in pernicious anaemia, Br. J. Haematol. 9:319.
Webb, T. E., and Oski, F. A., 1973, Iron deficiency anemia and scholastic achievement in young adolescents, J. Pediatr. 82:827.
Weisbart, R. H., Bluestone, R., and Goldberg, L. S., 1975, Cellular immunity to intrinsic factor in pernicious anaemia, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 85:87.
Wheby, M. S., 1970, Site of iron absorption in man, Scand. J. Haematol. 7:56.
Wheby, M. S., and Bayless, T. M., 1968, Intrinsic factor in tropical sprue, Blood 31:817.
Whitaker, J. A., Fort, E. G., Vimokesant, S., and Dinning, J. S., 1967, Hematologic response to vitamin E in the anemia associated with protein-calorie malnutrition, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 20:783.
Whitehead, R., Carter, R. L., and Sharp, A. A., 1965, Anaemia in occult intestinal malabsorption, J. Clin. Pathol. 18:110.
Whitehead, V. M., Comty, C. H., Posen, G. A., and Kaye, M., 1968, Homeostasis of folic acid in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis, New Engl. J. Med. 279:970.
Wickramasinghe, S. N., Chalmers, D. G., and Cooper, E. H., 1968, Disturbed proliferation of erythropoietic cells in pernicious anaemia, Nature 215:189.
Williams, J., 1959, The effect of ascorbic acid on iron absorption in postgastrectomy anaemia and achlorhydria, Clin. Sci. 18:521.
Williams, M. L., Shott, R. J., O’Neal, P. L., and Oski, F. A., 1975, Role of dietary iron and fat on vitamin E deficiency anemia of infancy, New Engl. J. Med. 292:887.
Willoughby, M. L. N., and Jewell, F. J., 1966, Investigation of folic acid requirments in pregnancy, Br. Med. J. 2:1568.
Wilson, P. A., McNicol, C. P., and Douglas, A. S., 1967, Platelet abnormality in human scurvy, Lancet 1:975.
Zalusky, R., Herbert, V., and Castle, W. B., 1962, Cyanocobalamin therapy effect in folic acid and deficiency, Arch. Intern. Med. 109:545.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1979 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lindenbaum, J. (1979). The Hematopoietic System. In: Hodges, R.E. (eds) Nutrition. Human Nutrition, vol 4. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7213-8_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7213-8_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-7215-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-7213-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive