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Insecticide residues in California citrus fruits and products

  • Conference paper
Residue Reviews / Rückstands-Berichte

Part of the book series: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology ((RECT,volume 28))

Abstract

Prior to about 1945 it was not realized that spray and dust deposits of most organic insecticidal1 chemicals penetrated, in the field, into subsurface regions of sprayed citrus fruits, even though they were generally nonsystemic in action, as with some of the DN compounds and rotenone. Also, emphasis on “residues” (deposits) prior to this same time was on correlations with pest-control efficacy rather than on safe consumption of the treated commodity, so that initial deposits and aged deposits were most often obtained as weight of insecticide per unit areas of leaf (foliage) tissue2 rather than on and in mature fruits, as with sulfur, lime-sulfur, and lead arsenate, because insect populations were usually evaluated on leaves or twigs rather than on fruits. In connection with the field performance of DDT and other new insecticides against insects and mites in citriculture, however, it was realized shortly after 1940 that the slow disappearance or attenuation from leaves of these (DDT) surface deposits and effective residues from organic pesticides signified at least partial penetration into subsurface tissues (Gunther 1946 and Gunther et al. 1946).

Presented in partial and summary form at the International Citrus Symposium, 19 March 1968, Riverside, California: see Gunther and Westlake (1968) in “References” section.

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  1. Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, USA

    Francis A. Gunther

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    Francis A. Gunther

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Gunther, F.A. (1969). Insecticide residues in California citrus fruits and products. In: Gunther, F.A. (eds) Residue Reviews / Rückstands-Berichte. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol 28. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8452-0_1

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