Skip to main content

Defective Interfering Animal Viruses

  • Chapter
Comprehensive Virology 10

Abstract

Defective interfering (DI) particles were discovered three decades ago by von Magnus (1947) using the influenza virus system. He called them “incomplete” or “immature” particles. Even though they could not be isolated or characterized biochemically, a great deal was learned about them from their physiological interactions with the host and from their interference with the multiplication of “infectious” standard virus (Gard and von Magnus, 1947; Bernkopf, 1950; von Magnus, 1951). Reviews by Henle (1950), by von Magnus (1954), and by Schlesinger (1959) on viral interference discuss the earlier work on this particular homologous interference caused by incomplete virus.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ada, G. L., and Perry, B. T., 1956, Influenza virus nucleic acid relationship between biological characteristics of the virus particle and properties of the nucleic acid, J. Gen. Microbiol. 14:623.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atanasiu, P., Lepine, P., Sisman, J., Dauguet, C., and Wetten, M., 1963, Etude morphologique du virus rabique des rues en culture de tissu, C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 256:3219.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baltimore, D., Huang, A. S., and Stampfer, M., 1970, Ribonucleic acid synthesis of vesicular stomatitis virus. II. An RNA polymerase in the virion, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 66:572.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baltimore, D., Cole, C. N., Villa-Komaroff, L., and Specter, D., 1974, Poliovirus defective interfering particles, in: Mechanisms of Virus Disease: ICN-UCLA Symposia on Molecular and Cellular Biology, Vol. 1 (W. S. Robinson and C. F. Fox, eds.), pp. 117–130, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barski, G., and Cornefert, F., 1962, Response of different mouse cell strains to polyoma infection in vitro: Latency and self-inhibition effect in infected cultures, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 28:823.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bellett, A. J. D., and Cooper, P. D., 1959, Some properties of the transmissible interfering component of VSV preparations, J. Gen. Microbiol. 21:498.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Porat, T., Demarchi, J. M., and Kaplan, A. S., 1974, Characterization of defective interfering viral particles present in a population of pseudorabies virions, Virology 60:29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Porat, T., Lonis, B., and Kaplan, A. S., 1975, Further characterization of a population of defective interfering pseudorabies virus, Virology 65:179.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernkopf, H., 1950, Study of infectivity and hemagglutination of influenza virus in deembryonated eggs, J. Immunol. 65:571.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bishop, D. H., Roy, P., Bean, W. J., and Simpson, R. W., 1972, Transcription of the influenza ribonucleic acid genome by a virion polymerase. III. Completeness of the transcription process, J. Virol. 10:689.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blackstein, M. E., Stanners, C. P., and Farmilio, A. J., 1969, Heterogeneity of polyoma virus DNA: Isolation and characterization of non-infectious small supercoiled molecules, J. Mol. Biol. 42:301.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blough, H. A., and Merlie, J. P., 1970, The lipids of incomplete influenza virus, Virology 40:685.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bondurant, M. C., Hackett, A. J., and Schaffer, F. L., 1973, Infectivity and RNA patterns as functions of high and low dilution passage of murine sarcoma-leukemia virus: Evidence for autointerference within an oncornavirus population, J. Virol. 11:642.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brockman, W. W., and Nathans, D., 1974, The isolation of simian virus 40 variants with specifically altered genomes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 71:942.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brockman, W. W., Lee, T. N. M., and Nathans, D., 1973, The evolution of new species of viral DNA during serial passage of simian virus 40 at high multiplicity, Virology 54:384.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brockman, W. W., Gutai, M. W., and Nathans, D., 1975, Evolutionary variants of simian virus 40: Characterization of cloned complementing variants, Virology 66:36.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bronson, D. L., Dreesman, G. R., Biswal, N., and Benyesh-Melnick, M., 1973, Defective virions of herpes simplex virus, Intervirology 1:141.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, F., Martin, S. J., Cartwright, B., and Crick, J., 1967, The ribonucleic acids of the infective and interfering components of vesicular stomatitis virus, J. Gen. Virol. 1:479.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bruton, C. J., and Kennedy, S. I. T., 1976, Defective interfering particles of Semliki Forest virus: Structural differences between standard virus and defective interfering particles, J. Gen. Virol. 31:383.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cancedda, R., and Schlesinger, M. J., 1974, Formation of Sindbis virus capsid protein in mammalian cell-free extracts programmed with viral messenger RNA, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 71:1843.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cantell, K., 1961, Mumps virus, Adv. Virus Res. 8:123.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choppin, P. W., 1969, Replication of influenza virus in a continuous cell line: High yield of infectious virus from cells inoculated at high multiplicity, Virology 39:130.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choppin, P. W., and Pons, M. W., 1970, The RNAs of infective and incomplete influenza virions grown in MDBK and HeLa cells, Virology 42:603.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chow, L. T., Davidson, N., and Berg, D., 1974, Electron microscopy study of the structures of Xdv DNA’s, J. Mol. Biol. 86:69.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cole, C. N., and Baltimore, D., 1973a, Defective interfering particles of poliovirus. II. Nature of the defect, J. Mol. Biol. 76:325.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cole, C. N., and Baltimore, D., 1973b, Defective interfering particles of poliovirus. III. Interference and enrichment, J. Mol. Biol. 76:345.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cole, C. N., and Baltimore, D., 1973c, Defective interfering particles of poliovirus. IV. Mechanisms of enrichment, J. Virol. 12:1414.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cole, C. N., Smoler, D., Wimmer, E., and Baltimore D., 1971, Defective interfering particles of poliovirus. I. Isolation and physical properties, J. Virol. 7:478.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Compans, R. W., Dimmock, N. J., and Meier-Ewert, H., 1970, The Biology of Large RNA Viruses (R. D. Barry and B. W. J. Mahy, eds.), pp. 87–108, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, P. D., and Bellett, A. J. D., 1959, A transmissible interfering component of vesicular stomatitis virus preparations, J. Gen. Microbiol. 21:485.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crick, J., and Brown, F., 1973, Interference as a measure of cross relationship in the vesicular stomatitis group of rhabdoviruses, J. Gen. Virol. 18:79.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crick, J., and Brown, F., 1974, An interfering component of rabies virus which contains RNA, J. Gen. Virol. 22:147.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crick, J., and Brown, F., 1975, Negative Strand Viruses (B. W. J. Mahy and R. D. Barry, eds.), pp. 698–705, Academic Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crick, J., Cartwright, B., and Brown, F., 1966, Interfering components of vesicular stomatitis virus, Nature (London) 211:1204.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Darnell, M. B., and Koprowski, H., 1974, Genetically determined resistance to infection with group B arboviruses. II. Increased production of interfering particles in cell cultures from resistant mice, J. Infect. Dis. 129:248.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Darnell, M. B., Koprowski, H., and Lagerspetz, K., 1974, Genetically determined resistance to infection with group B arboviruses. I. Distribution of the resistance gene among various mouse populations and characteristics of gene expression in vivo, J. Infect. Dis. 129:240.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davoli, D., and Fareed, G. C., 1975, Formation of reiterated simian virus 40 DNA, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 39:137.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doyle, M., and Holland, J. J., 1973, Prophylaxis and immunization of mice by use of virus-free defective T particles protect against intracerebral infection by vesicular stomatitis virus, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 70:2105.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duesberg, P. H., 1968, The RNA’s of influenza virus, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 59:930.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • East, J. L., and Kingsbury, D. W., 1971, Mumps virus replication in chick embryo lung cells: Properties of RNA species in virions and in infected cells, J. Virol. 8:161.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eaton, B. T., and Faulkner, P., 1973, Altered pattern of viral RNA synthesis in cells infected with standard and defective Sindbis virus, Virology 51:85.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Emerson, S. U., and Wagner, R. R., 1972, Dissociation and reconstitution of the transcriptase and template activities of vesicular stomatitis B and T virions, J. Virol, 10:297.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Enea, V., and Zinder, N. D., 1975, A deletion mutant of bacteriophage fl containing no intact cistrons, Virology 68:105.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fareed, G. C., Byrne, J. C., and Martin, M. A., 1974, Triplication of a unique genetic segment in a simian virus 40-like virus of human origin and evolution of new viral genomes, J. Mol. Biol. 87:275.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fields, B. N., 1972, Genetic manipulation of reovirus-A model for modification of disease, N. Engl. J. Med. 287:1026.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fleckenstein, B., Bornkamm, G. W., and Ludwig, H., 1975, Repetitive sequences in complete and defective genomes of Herpes virus saimiri, J. Virol. 15:398.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Folk, W. R., and Wang, H. C. E., 1974, Closed circular DNAs with tandem repeats of a sequence from polyoma virus, Virology 61:140.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Franklin, N. C., 1971, Illegitimate recombination, in: The Bacteriophage Lambda (A. Hershey, ed.), pp. 175–194, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frenkel, N., Lavi, S., and Winocour, E., 1974, The host DNA sequences in different populations of serially passaged SV40, Virology 60:9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frenkel, N., Jacob, R. J., Honess, R. W., Hayward, G. S., Locker, H., and Roizman, B., 1975a, Anatomy of herpes simplex virus DNA. III. Characterization of defective DNA molecules and biological properties of virus populations containing them, J. Virol. 16:153.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frenkel, N., Rozenblatt, S., and Winocour, E., 1975b, The repeated sequences in serially-passaged SV40 DNA, in: Tumor Virus-Host Cell Interaction (A. Kolber, ed.), pp. 39–58, Plenum Publishing Co., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fried, M., 1974, Isolation and partial characterization of different defective DNA molecules derived from polyoma virus, J. Virol. 13:939.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gamboa, E. T., Harter, D. H., Duffy, P. E., and Hsu, K. C., 1975, Murine influenza virus encephalomyelitis. III. Effect of defective interfering particles, Acta Neuropathol. 34:157.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gard, S., and von Magnus, P., 1947, Studies on interference in experimental influenza. II. Purification and centrifugation experiments, Arch. Kem. Mineral. Geol. 24(8):1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gard, S., von Magnus, P., Svedmyr, A., and Birch Andersson, A., 1952, Studies on the sedimentation of influenza virus, Arch. Ges. Virusforsch. 4:591.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Griffin, B. E., and Fried, M., 1975, Amplification of a specific region of the polyoma virus genome, Nature (London) 256:175.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guild, G. M., and Stollar, V. S., 1975, Defective interfering particles of Sindbis virus. III. Intracellular viral RNA species in chick embryo cell cultures, Virology 67:24.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hackett, A. J., 1964, A possible morphologic basis for the autointerference phenomenon in vesicular stomatitis virus, Virology 24:51.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hackett, A. J., Schaffer, F. L., and Madin, S. H., 1967, The separation of infectious and autointerfering particles in vesicular stomatitis virus preparations, Virology 31:114.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henle, W., 1950, Interference phenomena between animal viruses: A review, J. Immunol. 64:203.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henle, W., and Henle, G., 1949, Interference between inactive and active viruses of influenza. II. Factors influencing the phenomenon, Am. J. Med. Sci. 207:717.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holland, J. J., and Doyle, M., 1973, Attempts to detect homologous autointerference in vivo with influenza virus and vesicular stomatitis virus, Infect. Immun. 7:526.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holland, J. J., and Villareal, L. P., 1974, Persistent non-cytocidal vesicular stomatitis virus infections mediated by defective T particles that suppress virion transcriptase, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 71:2956.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holland, J. J., and Villareal, L. P., 1975, Purification of defective interfering T particles of vesicular stomatitis and rabies viruses generated in vivo in brains of newborn mice, Virology 67:438.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hotchin, J., 1962, The biology of lymphocytic choriomeningitis infection: Virusinduced immune disease, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 27:479.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hotchin, J., 1971, Persistent and slow virus infections, in: Monographs in Virology (J. L. Melnick, ed.), pp. 1–211, Karger, Basel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang, A. S., 1973, Defective interfering viruses, Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 27:101.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, A. S., and Baltimore, D., 1970, Defective viral particles and viral disease processes, Nature (London) 226:325.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, A. S., and Manders, E. K., 1972, Ribonucleic acid synthesis of vesicular stomatitis virus. IV. Transcription by standard virus in the presence of defective interfering particles, J. Virol. 9:909.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, A. S., and Palma, E. L., 1975, Defective interfering particles as antiviral agents, Perspect. Virol. 9:77–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang, A. S., and Wagner, R. R., 1966a, Defective T particles of vesicular stomatitis virus. II. Biologic role in homologous interference, Virology 30:173.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, A. S., and Wagner, R. R., 1966b, Comparative sedimentation coefficients of RNA extracted from plaque-forming and defective particles of vesicular stomatitis virus, J. Mol. Biol. 22:381.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, A. S., Greenawalt, J. W., and Wagner, R. R., 1966, Defective T particles of vesicular stomatitis virus. I. Preparation, morphology, and some biologic properties, Virology 30:161.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Inglot, A. D., and Chudzio, T., 1972, Incomplete Sindbis virus, in: Proceedings of the Second International Congress for Virology (J. L. Melnick, ed.), p. 158, Karger, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inglot, A. D., Albin, M., and Chudzio, T., 1973, Persistent infection of mouse cells with Sindbis virus: Role of virulence of strains, auto-interfering particles and interferon, J. Gen. Virol. 20:105.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Janda, Z., Zorrby, E., and Marvsyk, H., 1971, Neurotropism of measles virus variants in hamsters, J. Infect. Dis. 124:553.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, R. T., McFarland, H. F., and Levy, S. E., 1972, Age-dependent resistance to viral encephalitis: Studies of infections due to Sindbis virus in mice, J. Infect. Dis. 125:257.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, R. E., Jovell, D. R., Brown, D. T., and Faulkner, P., 1975, Interfering passages of Sindbis virus: Concomitant appearance of interference, morphological variants and truncated viral RNA, J. Virol. 16:951.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kang, C. Y., and Prevec, L., 1969, Proteins of vesicular stomatitis virus. I. Polyacrylamide gel analysis of viral antigens, J. Virol. 3:404.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, A. S., Ben-Porat, T., and Rubenstein, A. S., 1976, On the mechanism of herpesvirus DNA replication and the genesis of defective particles, in: Herpes Viruses (C. Borek and D. W. King, eds.), Traton Intercontinental Book Corp., in press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kawai, A., Matsumoto, S., and Tanabe, K., 1975, Characterization of rabies virus recovered from persistently infected BHK cells, Virology 67:520.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khoury, G., Fareed, G. C., Berry, K., Martin, M. A., Lee, T. N. H., and Nathans, D., 1974, Characterization of a rearrangement in viral DNA: Mapping of the circular SV40-like DNA containing a triplication of a specific one-third of the viral genome, J. Mol. Biol. 87:289.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kiley, M. P., Gray, R. H., and Payne, F. E., 1974, Replication of measles virus: Distinct species of short nucleocapsids in cytoplasmic extracts of infected cells, J. Virol. 13:721.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kingsbury, D. W., 1972, Paramyxovirus replication, Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 59:1.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kingsbury, D. W., and Portner, A., 1970, On the genesis of incomplete Sendai virions, Virology 42:872.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kingsbury, D. W., Portner, A., and Darlington, R. W., 1970, Properties of incomplete sendai virions and subgenomic viral RNA’s, Virology 42:857.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lavi, S., and Winocour, E., 1972, Acquisition of sequences homologous to host deoxyribonucleic acid by closed circular simian virus 40 deoxyribonucleic acid, J. Virol. 9:309.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lavi, S., Rozenblatt, S., Singer, M. F., and Winocour, E., 1973, Acquisition of sequences homologous to host DNA by closed circular simian virus 40 DNA. II. Further studies on the serial passage of virus clones, J. Virol. 12:492.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lazzarini, R. A., Weber, G. H., Johnson, L. D., and Stamminger, G. M., 1975, Covalently linked message and anti-message (genomic) RNA from a defective vesicular stomatitis virus particle, J. Mol. Biol. 97:289.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leamnson, R. N., and Reichmann, M. E., 1974, The RNA of defective vesicular stomatitis virus particles in relation to viral cistons, J. Mol. Biol. 85:551.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, T. N. M., Brockman, W. W., and Nathans, D., 1975, Evolutionary variants of simian virus 40: Cloned substituted variants containing multiple initiation sites for DNA replication, Virology 66:53.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lehmann-Grube, F., Plenczka, W., and Tees, R., 1969, A persistent and inapparent infection of L cells with the virus of lymphocytic choriomeningitis, J. Gen. Virol. 5:63.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lenard, J., and Compans, R. W., 1975, Polypeptide composition of incomplete influenza virus grown in MDBK cells, Virology 65:418.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lerner, R. A., and Hodge, L. D., 1969, Non-permissive infection of mammalian cells: Synthesis of influenza virus genome in HeLa cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 64:544.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levin, J. G., Ramseur, J. M., and Grimley, P. M., 1973, Host effect on arbovirus replication: Appearance of defective interfering particles in murine cells, J. Virol. 12:1401.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lief, F. S., and Henle, W., 1956, Studies on the soluble antigen of influenza virus. III. The decreased incorporation of S antigen into elementary bodies of increasing incompleteness, Virology 2:782.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mak, S., 1971, Defective virions in human adenovirus type 12, J. Virol. 7:426.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, M. A., Khoury, G., and Fareed, G. C., 1974, Specific reiteration of viral DNA sequences in mammalian cells, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 39:129.

    Google Scholar 

  • McAllister, P. E., and Pilcher, K. S., 1974, Autointerference in infectious hemato-poietic necrosis virus of salmonid fish, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 145:840.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McLaren, L. C., and Holland, J. J., 1974, Defective interfering particles from poliovirus vaccine and vaccine reference strains, Virology 60:579.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meier-Ewert, H., and Dimmock, N. J., 1970, The role of the neuraminidase of the infecting virus in the production of non-infectious (von Magnus) influenza virus, Virology 42:794.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mertz, J. E., and Berg, P., 1974, Defective simian virus 40 genomes: Isolation and growth of individual clones, Virology 62:112.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mertz, J. E., Carbon, J., Herzberg, M., Davis, R. W., and Berg, P., 1975, Isolation and characterization of individual clones of simian virus 40 mutants containing deletions, duplications and insertions in their DNA, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 39:69.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mims, C. A., 1956, Rift Valley fever virus in mice. IV. Incomplete virus; its production and properties. Br. J. Exp. Pathol. 37:129.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mims, C. A., 1966, Immunofluorescent study of the carrier state and mechanism of vertical transmission in lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection in mice, J. Pathol. Bacteriol. 91:395.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mims, C. A., and Subrahmanyan, T. P., 1966, Immunofluorescence study of the mechanism of resistance to superinfection in mice carrying the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, J. Pathol. Bacteriol. 91:403.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, F. A., Taylor, W. P., Mims, C. A., and Whitefield, S. G., 1972, Bovine ephemeral fever virus in cell culture and mice, Arch. Ges. Virusforsch. 38:234.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murray, B. K., Biswal, N., Bookout, J. B., Lanford, R. E., Courtney, R. J., and Melnick, J. L., 1975, Cyclic appearance of defective interfering particles of herpes simplex virus and the concomitant accumulation of early polypeptide VP175, Intervirology 5:173.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nayak, D. P., 1972, Defective virus RNA synthesis and production of incomplete influenza virus in chick embryo cells, J. Gen. Virol. 14:63.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nicholson, B. L., and Dunn, J., 1972, Autointerference in the replication of the infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) virus of trout, Bacteriol. Proc. 72:196.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nonoyama, M., and Graham, A. F., 1970, Appearance of defective virions in clones of reovirus, J. Virol. 6:693.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nonoyama, M., Watanabe, Y., and Graham, A. F., 1970, Defective virions of reovirus, J. Virol. 6:226.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oddo, F. G., Chiarini, A., and Sinatra, A., 1967, On the hemagglutinating and hemolytic activity of measles virus variants, Arch. Ges. Virusforsch. 22:35.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oldstone, M. M. A., Welsh, R. M., and Joseph, B. S., 1975, Pathogenic mechanisms of tissue injury in persistent viral infections, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 256:65.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palese, P., and Schulman, J. L., 1976, Differences in RNA patterns of influenza A viruses, J. Virol. 17:876.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palma, E. L., and Huang, A. S., 1974, Cyclic production of vesicular stomatitis virus caused by defective interfering particles, J. Infect. Dis. 129:402.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palma, E. L., Perlman, S. M., and Huang, A. S., 1974, Ribonucleic acid synthesis of vesicular stomatitis virus. VI. Correlation of defective particle RNA synthesis with standard RNA replication, J. Mol. Biol. 85:127.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parfanovich, M., Hammarskjöld, B., and Norrby, E., 1971, Synthesis of virus-specific RNA in cells infected with two different variants of measles virus, Arch. Ges. Virusforsch. 35:38.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perlman, S. M., and Huang, A. S., 1973, Ribonucleic acid synthesis of vesicular stomatitis virus. V. Interactions between transcription and replication, J. Virol. 12:1395.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perrault, J., 1976, Cross-linked double stranded RNA from a defective vesicular stomatitis virus particle. Virology 70:360.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perrault, J., and Holland, J. J., 1972a, Variability of vesicular stomatitis virus autoin-terference with different host cells and virus serotypes, Virology 50:148.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perrault, J., and Holland, J. J., 1972b, Absence of transcriptase activity and transcription-inhibiting ability in defective interfering particles of vesicular stomatitis virus, Virology 50:159.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petric, M., and Prevec, L., 1970, Vesicular stomatitis virus-A new interfering particle, intracellular structures, and virus-specific RNA, Virology 41:615.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pons, M. W., 1975, Influenza virus RNA(s), in: The Influenza Viruses and Influenza (E. D. Kilbourne, pp. 145–170, ed.), Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pons, M., and Hirst, G. K., 1969, The single-and double-stranded RNA’s and the proteins of incomplete influenza virus, Virology 38:68.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Portner, A., and Kingsbury, D. W., 1970, Complementary RNA’s in paramyxovirions and paramyxovirus-infected cells, Nature (London) 228:1196.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Portner, A., and Kingsbury, D. W., 1971, Homologous interference by incomplete Sendai virus particles: Changes in virus-specific ribonucleic acid synthesis, J. Virol. 8:388.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Portner, A., and Kingsbury, D. W., 1972, Identification of transcriptive and replicative intermediates in Sendai virus-infected cells, Virology 47:711.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Preble, O. T., and Youngner, J. S., 1972, Temperature-sensitive mutants isolated from L cells persistently infected with Newcastle disease, J. Virol. 9:200.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Preble, O. T., and Youngner, J. S., 1975, Temperature-sensitive viruses and the etiology of chronic and inapparent infections, J. Infect. Dis. 131:467.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prevec, L., 1974, Physiological properties of vesicular stomatitis virus and some related rhabdoviruses, in: Viruses Evolution and Cancer (E. Kurstak and K. Mamamorosch, eds.), pp. 677–697, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prevec, L., and Kang, C. Y., 1970, Homotypic and heterotypic interference by defective particles of vesicular stomatitis virus, Nature (London) 228:25.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prevec, L., and Whitmore, G. F., 1963, Purification of vesicular stomatitis virus and the analysis of P$2-labeled viral components, Virology 20:464.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Printz-Ané, C., Combard, A., and Martinet, C., 1972, Study of the transcription and the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus by using temperature-sensitive mutants, J. Virol. 10:889.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raine, C. S., Feldman, L. A., Sheppard, R. D., and Bornstein, M. B., 1972, Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus in cultures of organized central nervous tissue, Lab. Invest. 28:627.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reczko, E., 1960, Electronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen am Virus der Stomatitis vesicularis, Arch. Ges. Virusforsch. 10:588.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reichmann, M. E., Pringle, C. R., and Follett, E. A. C., 1971, Defective particles in BHK cells infected with temperature-sensitive mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus, J. Virol. 8:154.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reichmann, M. E., Villareal, L. P., Kohne, D., Lesnaw, J. A., and Holland, J. J., 1974, RNA polymerase activity and poly(A) synthesizing activity in defective T particles of vesicular stomatitis virus, Virology 58:240.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Risser, R., and Mulder, C., 1974, Relative locations of rearrangements in the DNA of defective simian virus 40 (SV40), Virology 58:424.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robberson, D. L., and Fried, M., 1974, Sequence arrangements in clonal isolates of polyoma defective DNA, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 71:3497.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, W. S., 1970, Self-annealing of subgroup 2 myxovirus RNAs, Nature (London) 225:944.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rott, R., and Scholtissek, C., 1963, Investigations about the formation of incomplete forms of fowl plague virus, J. Gen. Microbiol. 33:303.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roy, P., Repik, P., Hefti, E., and Bishop, D. H. L., 1973, Complementary RNA species isolated from vesicular stomatitis (HR strain) defective virions, J. Virol. 11:915.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rozenblatt, S., Slavi, M., Singer, F., and Winocour, E., 1973, Acquisition of sequences homologous to host DNA by closed circular simian virus 40 DNA. III. Host sequences, J. Virol. 12:501.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rubenstein, A. S., and Kaplan, A. S., 1975, Electron microscopic studies of the DNA of defective and standard pseudorabies virions, Virology 66:385.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rustigian, R., 1962, A carrier state in HeLa cells with measles virus (Edmonston strain) apparently associated with noninfectious virus, Virology 66:101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanders, F. K., 1957, Recent advances in the use of tissue culture methods in virus research, Proc. R. Soc. Med. 50:911.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schlesinger, R. W., 1950, Incomplete growth cycle of influenza virus in mouse brain, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 74:541.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schlesinger, R. W., 1959, Interference between animal viruses, in: The Viruses, Vol. 3 (F. M. Burnet and W. M. Stanley, eds.), pp. 157–194, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlesinger, S., Schlesinger, M., and Burge, B. W., 1972, Defective virus particles from Sindbis virus, Virology 48:615.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schluederberg, A., 1971, Measles virus RNA, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 42:1012.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schnitzlein, W. M., and Reichmann, M. E., 1976, The size and the cistronic origin of defective vesicular stomatitis virus particle RNAs in relation to homotypic and heterotypic interference, J. Mol. Biol. 101:307.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schuerch, A. R., Matsuhisa, T., and Joklik, W. K., 1974, Temperature-sensitive mutants of reovirus. VI. Mutant ts447 and ts556 particles that lack either one or two genome segments, Intervirology 3:36.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shenk, T. E., and Stollar, V., 1972, Viral RNA species in BHK-21 cells infected with Sindbis virus serially passaged at high multiplicity of infection, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 49:60.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shenk, T. E., and Stollar, V., 1973a, Defective interfering particles of Sindbis virus. I. Isolation and some chemical and biological properties, Virology 53:162.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shenk, T. E., and Stollar, V., 1973b, Defective interfering particles of Sindbis virus. II. Homologous interference, Virology 55:530.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simmons, D. T., and Strauss, J. M., 1972a, Replication of Sindbis virus. I. Relative size and genetic content of 26 S and 49 S RNA, J. Mol. Biol. 71:599.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simmons, D. T., and Strauss, J. M., 1972b, Replication of Sindbis virus. II. Multiple forms of double-stranded RNA isolated from infected cells, J. Mol. Biol. 71:615.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simmons, D. T., and Strauss, J. M., 1974, Translation of Sindbis virus 26 S RNA and 49 S RNA in lysates of rabbit reticulocytes, J. Mol. Biol. 86:397.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simpson, R. W., and Inuma, M., 1975, Recovery of infectious proviral DNA from mammalian cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72:3230.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sokol, F., Neurath, A. R., and Vilcek, J., 1964, Formation of incomplete Sendai virus in embryonated eggs, Acta Virol. 8:59.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sokol, R., Kuwert, E., Wiktor, J. J., Hummeler, K., and Koprowski, H., 1968, Purification of rabies virus grown in tissue culture, J. Virol. 2:836.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soria, M., Little, S. P., and Huang, A. S., 1974, Characterization of vesicular stomatitis virus nucleocapsids. I. Complementary 40 S RNA molecules in nucleocapsids, Virology 61:270.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spandidos, D. A., and Graham, A. F., 1975a, Complementation of defective reovirus by is mutants, J. Virol. 15:954.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spandidos, D. A., and Graham, A. F., 1975b, Complementation between temperature-sensitive and deletion mutants of reovirus, J. Virol 61:270.

    Google Scholar 

  • Specter, D. H., 1975, Polyadenylic acid on poliovirus RNA, thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stampfer, M., Baltimore, D., and Huang, A. S., 1971, Absence of interference during high multiplicity infection by clonally purified vesicular stomatitis virus, J. Virol. 7:409.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Staneck, L. D., and Pfau, C. J., 1974, Interfering particles from a culture of persistently infected Parana virus, J. Gen. Virol. 22:437.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Staneck, L. D., Trowbridge, R. S., Welsh, R. M., Wright, E. A., and Pfau, C. J., 1972, Arenaviruses: Cellular response to long-term in vitro infection with Parana and lymphocytic choriomeningitis viruses, Infect. Immun. 6:444.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sugiura, A., 1972, Influenza viral RNA and ribonucleoprotein synthesized in abortive infection, Virology 47:517.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Summers, D., and Maizel, J. V., Jr., 1971, Determination of the gene sequence of poliovirus with pactamycin, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 68:2852.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taber, R., Rekosh, D. M., and Baltimore, D., 1971, Effect of pactamycin on synthesis of poliovirus proteins: A method for genetic mapping, J. Virol. 8:395.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tadokoro, J., 1958, Modified virus particles in undiluted passages of HVJ. I. The production of modified particles, Biken’s J. 1:111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tai, M. T., Smith, C. A., Sharp, P. A., and Vinogoad, J., 1972, Sequence heterogeneity in closed simian virus 40 deoxyribonucleic acid, J. Virol. 9:317.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thorne, H. V., 1968, Detection of size heterogeneity in the supercoiled fraction of polyoma virus DNA, J. Mol. Biol. 35:215.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thorne, H. V., Evans, J., and Warden, D., 1968, Detection of biologically defecting molecules in component of polyoma virus DNA, Nature (London) 219:728.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Traub, E., 1938, Factors influencing the persistence of choriomeningitis virus in the blood of mice after clinical recovery, J. Exp. Med. 68:229.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uchida, S., Watanabe, S., and Kato, M., 1966, Incomplete growth of simian virus 40 in African green monkey kidney culture induced by serial undiluted passages, Virology 28:135.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Villa-Komaroff, L., Guttman, N., Baltimore, D., and Lodish, H. F., 1975, Complete translation of poliovirus RNA in a eukaryotic cell-free system, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72:4157.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • von Magnus, P., 1947, Studies on interference in experimental influenza. I. Biological observations, Mineral. Geol. 24(7):1.

    Google Scholar 

  • von Magnus, P., 1951, Propagation of the RP-8 strain of influenza A virus in chick embryos. III. Properties of the incomplete virus produced in serial passages of undiluted virus, Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. 29:157.

    Google Scholar 

  • von Magnus, P., 1954, Incomplete forms of influenza virus, Adv. Virus Res. 2:59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, M., Skare, J., and Summers, W. C., 1975, Analysis of DNA of defective herpes simplex virus type 1 by restriction endonuclease cleavage and nucleic acid hybridization, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 39:683.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, R. R., and Snyder, R. M., 1962, Viral interference induced in mice by acute or persistent infection with virus of lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM), Nature (London) 196:393.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, R. R., Levy, A. H., Snyder, R. M., Ratcliff, G. A., and Hyatt, D. F., 1963, Biologic properties of two plaque variants of vesicular stomatitis virus, J. lmmunol. 91:112.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, R. R., Schnaitman, T. A., and Snyder, R. M., 1969, Structural proteins of vesicular stomatitis viruses, J. Virol. 3:395.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, D. L., 1964, The viral carrier state in animal cell cultures, Prog. Med. Virol. 6:111.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, D. L., 1968, Persistent viral infection in cell cultures, in: Medical and Applied Virology (Proceedings of the Second International Symposium) (M. Sanders and E. H. Lennett, eds.), pp. 99–110, Warren H. Green, Inc., St. Louis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, B., and Schlesinger, S., 1973, Defective interfering passages of Sindbis virus: Chemical composition, biological activity and mode of interference, J. Virol. 12:862.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, B., Goran, D., Cancedda, R., and Schlesinger, S., 1974, Defective interfering passages of Sindbis virus: Nature of the intracellular defective viral RNA, J. Virol. 14:1189.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Welsh, R. M., and Pfau, C. J., 1972, Determinants of lymphocytic choriomeningitis interference, J. Gen. Virol. 14:177.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Welsh, R. M., O’Connell, C. M., and Pfau, C. J., 1972, Properties of defective lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, J. Gen. Virol. 17:355.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Welsh, R. M., Burner, P. A., Holland, J. J., Oldstone, M. B. A., Thompson, H. A., and Villareal, L. P., 1975, A comparison of biochemical and biological properties of standard and defective lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, Bull. WHO 52:403.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wertz, G. W., and Levine, M., 1973, RNA synthesis by vesicular stomatitis virus and a small plaque mutant: Effects of cycloheximide, J. Virol. 12:253.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wild, T. F., 1972, Replication of VSV: The effect of purified interfering component, J. Gen. Virol. 17:295.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woodward, C. G., and Smith, H., 1975, Production of defective interfering virus in the brains of mice by an avirulent, in contrast with a virulent, strain of Semliki Forest virus, Br. J. Exp. Pathol. 56:363.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshiike, K., 1968a, Studies on DNA from low-density particles of SV40. 1. Heterogeneous defective virions produced by successive undiluted passages, Virology 34:391.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshiike, K., 1968b, Studies on DNA from low-density particles of SV40. II. Nonin-fectious virions associated with a large plaque variant, Virology 34:402.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshiike, K., and Furuno, A., 1969, Heterogeneous DNA of simian virus 40, Fed. Proc. 28:1899.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshino, K., Taniguchi, S., and Arai, K., 1966, Autointerference of rabies virus in chick embryo fibroblasts, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 123:387.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshishita, T., Kawai, K., Fukai, K., and Ito, R., 1959, Analysis of infective particles in incomplete virus preparations of the von Magnus type, Biken’s J. 2:25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhdanov, V. M., Bogomolova, N. N., Gavrilov, V. I., Andzhaparidze, O. G., Deryabin, P. G., and Astakhova, A. N., 1974, Infectious DNA of tick-bone encephalitis virus, Arch. Ges. Virusforsch. 45:215.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1977 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Huang, A.S., Baltimore, D. (1977). Defective Interfering Animal Viruses. In: Fraenkel-Conrat, H., Wagner, R.R. (eds) Comprehensive Virology 10. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0832-4_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0832-4_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-0834-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-0832-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics