Skip to main content

Toward a General Theory of Plant Antiherbivore Chemistry

  • Chapter
Biochemical Interaction Between Plants and Insects

Part of the book series: Recent Advances in Phytochemistry ((RBIO,volume 10))

Abstract

Much research has been conducted in an attempt to fit the so-called plant secondary substances into the general framework of plant metabolism. Though some success has been achieved in this area, e.g., chlorogenic acid as a regulator of plant metabolic systems under stress21, most such studies have met with a conspicuous lack of success. Possible metabolic roles for the plant alkaloids as intermediate metabolites have probably received the greatest such attention and it was concluded at an early stage44 that, since a definitive metabolic role could not be assigned to alkaloids, they best be considered as plant waste products. More recent workers in the field of alkaloid biochemistry have concurred with this evaluation44,83 and the “waste product hypothesis” has been expanded, principally by Muller (1969, 1970), to include plant secondary substances in general.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Akahori, A., F. Yasuda, M. Togami, K. Kagawa and T. Okahishi. 1969. Variation in isodiotigenin and diosgenin content in aerial parts of Dioscorea tokoro. Phytochem. 8:2213–2217.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Anderson, A. B., R. Riffer and A. Wong. 1969. Mono-terpenes, fatty and resin acids of Pinus contorta and Pinus attenuata. Phytochem. 8:2401–2403.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Anderson, J. D., P. Andrews and L. Hough. 1957. Occurrence of 2-0-methyl-L-fucose as a constituent of plum leaf polysaccharides. Chem. and Ind. 1453.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Andrews, P. and L. Hough. 1956. The isolation of 2-0-methyl-d-xylose from plum leaf hemicellulose. Chem. and Ind. 1278.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Aspinall, G. O. and A. Canas-Rodriguez. 1958. Sisal pectic acid. J. Chem. Soc. (London) 810:4020–4027.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. — and R. S. Fanshaw. 1961. Pectic substances from Lucerne (Medicago sativa). Part I. Pectic Acid. J. Chem. Soc. (London) 822:4215–4225.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Bacon, J. S. D. and M. V. Cheshire. 1971. Apiose and mono-o-methyl sugars as minor constituents of the leaves of deciduous trees and various other species. Biochem J. 124:555–562.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Bate-Smith, E. C. and C. R. Metcalf. 1957. Leuco-anthocyanins 3. The nature and systematic distribution of tannins in dicotyledenous plants. J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 55:669–705.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Bate-Smith, E. C. and T. Swain. 1967. New leuco-anthocyanins in grasses. Nature 213:1033–1034.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Beck, S. D. 1965. Resistance of plants to insects. Ann. Rev. Ent. 10:201–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Bell, E. A. 1972. Toxic amino acids in the leguminosae. In Harborne, 1972:163–174.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Blohm, H. 1962. Poisonous plants of Venezuela. Harvard University Press. Cambridge, Mass. 136pp.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Brodie, B. 1961. Comparative biochemistry of drug metabolism. Proc. Int. Pharmacol. meeting. First Int. Cong. on Pharmacol. 6:299 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Bonner, J. and J. E. Varner. 1965. Plant biochemistry. Academic Press, New York. 1054 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Bull, L. B., C. C. J. Culvenor and A. T. Dick. 1968. The pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Elsevier, N. Y. 293 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Burnett, W. C., S. B. Jones, T. J. Mabry and W. G. Padolina. Sesquiterpene lactones — insect feeding deterrents in Vernonia, (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Cates, R. G. and D. F. Rhoades. Prosopis as a leaf resource. In A tree in perspective; mesquite (Prosopis spp.) in desert scrub ecosystems. B. Simpson (ed.) (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  18. Chestnut, V. K. and E. V. Wilcox. 1901. Stock poisoning plants of Montana. U.S.D.A. Div. of Bot. Bull. 26.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Clark, B. 1962. Balanced polymorphism and the diversity of sympatric species. System. Assoc. Publ. 4, Taxonomy and Geography: 47–70.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Clayton, R. B. 1970. The chemistry of nonhormonal interactions. Terpenoid compounds in ecology. p. 235–275 In Sondheimer and Simeone. 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  21. del Moral, R. 1972. On the variability of chlorogenic acid concentration. Oeoologia 9:289–300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Dement, W. A. and H. A. Mooney. 1974. Seasonal changes in the production of tannins and cyanogenic glycosides in the chaparral shrub, Heteromeles arbutifolia. Oecologia 13:62–76.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Difeo, D. R., M. Sakakibara and T. J. Mabry. 1975. Flavonoid aglycones of two disjunct species of Larrea. Proc. 15th Annual Meeting of the Phytochem. Soc. of N.A.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Duffy, S. S. and G. G. E. Scudder. 1972. Cardiac glycosides in North American asclepiadaceae. A basis for unpalatability in brightly colored Hemiptera and Coleoptera. J. Insect Physiol. 18:63–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Ehrlich, P. R. and P. H. Raven. 1965. Butterflies and Plants. A study in coevolution. Evolution 18: 586–608.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Eidt, D. C. and C. H. A. Little. 1970. Insect control through induced host-insect asynchrony. A progress report. J. Econ. Entomol. 63:1966–1968.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Eloff, J. N. and R. N. Grobbelaa. 1969. Isolation and characterization of N-methyl-L-serine from Dichapetalum cymosum. Phytochem. 8:2201–2204.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Erdtman, H. and T. Norin. 1966. The chemistry of the order Cupressales, In Progress in the chemistry of organic natural products. L. Zechmeister (ed.). Springer-Verlag, N.Y. 475 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Erickson, J. M. and P. P. Feeny. 1974. Sinigrin: A chemical barrier to larvae of the black swallowtail butterfly, Papilio polyxenes. Ecol. 55:103–111.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Esau, K. 1953. Plant anatomy. John Wiley and Sons. N.Y. 735 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Ettlinger, M. G., and A. Kjaer. 1968. Sulphur compounds in plants. In Recent Advances in Phytochemistry, 1:59–144.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Feeny, P. P. 1968. Seasonal changes in the tannin content of oak leaves. Phytochem. 7:871–880.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Feeny, P. P. 1970. Seasonal changes in oakleaf tannins and nutrients as a cause of spring feeding by winter-moth caterpillars. Ecol. 51:656–681.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Feeny, P. P. 1975. Biochemical coevolution between plants and their insect herbivores. In Coevolution of Animals and Plants. L. E. Gilbert and P. H. Ravens (eds.). Univ. of Texas Press. Austin (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  35. Fraenkel, G. 1953. The nutritional value of green plants for insects. Symp. of the 9th Int. Congr. Ent. 90–100.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Hanover, J. W. 1975. Physiology of tree resistance to insects. Ann. Rev. Ent. 20:75–95.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Harborne, J. B. (ed.). 1972. Phytochemical Ecology. Academic Press, N.Y. 272 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Henderson, R. 1971. Catalytic Activity of α-chymotrypsin in which histidine-57 has been methylated. Biochem. J. 124:13–18.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Hill, R. and R. van Heyninger. 1951. Ranunculin: The precursor of the vesicant substance of the buttercup. Biochem. J. 49:332–335.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Hoch, J. H. 1961. A survey of cardiac glycosides and genins. Univ. of South Carolina Press, Charleston. 93 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Horber, E. 1972. Alfalfa saponins significant in resistance to insects. In Rodriguez. 1972:611–627.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Ishaaya, I. and Y. Birk. 1965. Soybean saponins IV. The effect of proteins on the inhibitory activity of soybean saponins on certain enzymes. J. Food Sci. 30:118–120.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Jacobson, J. and D. G. Crosby. 1971. (eds.). Naturally Occurring Insecticides. Dekker, N.Y. 585 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  44. James, W. D. 1950. In The alkaloids VI. R.H.F. Manske and H. L. Holms (eds.). Academic Press, N.Y. 525 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Jones, D. A. 1962. Selective eating of the acyanogenic form of the plant Lotus corniculatus L. by various animals. Nature 193:1109–1110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Jones, D. A. 1972. Cyanogenic glycosides and their function. In Harborne, 1972. p. 103–122.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Joseffson, E. 1967. Distribution of thioglucosides in different parts of Brassica plants. Phytochem. 6: 1617–1627.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. Prentice-Hall, N.Y. 626 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Kircher, H. W., W. B. Heed, J. S. Russell and J. Grove. 1967. Senita cactus alkaloids and sonoran desert Drosophila. J. Insect Physiol. 13:1869–1871.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Krieger, R., P. P. Feeny, and C. Wilkinson. 1971. Detoxification enzymes in the guts of caterpillars: an evolutionary answer to plant defenses? Science 172:579–580.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. La Du, B. N., H. G. Mandel, and E. L. Way. 1971. Fundamentals of drug metabolism and drug disposition. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore. 615 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Langenheim, J. H. 1973. Leguminous resin-producing trees in Africa and South America. In Tropical forest ecosystems in Africa and South America. A comparative review: 89–104. Smithsonian, N.Y.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Laskowski, M. 1970. In Structure — Function relationships of proteolytic enzymes. P. Desnuelle, H. Neurath and M. Ottesen (eds.). Academic Press, N.Y. 309 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Lawton, J. H. The structure of the arthropod community on bracken (Pteridium aquilinium) (L.) (Kuhn). (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  55. Loomis, W. D. and J. Battaile. 1966. Plant phenolics and the isolation of plant enzymes. Phytochem. 5: 423–438.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Levin, D. A. 1971. Plant phenolics: an ecological perspective. Am. Nat. 105:157–181.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. —. 1973. The role of plant trichomes in plant defense. Quart. Rev. Biol. 48:3–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. —. 1975. Alkaloid-bearing plants: an ecographic perspective. Am. Nat. (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  59. McKey, D. 1974. Adaptive patterns in alkaloid physiology. Am. Nat. 108:305–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Merck Index of Chemicals and Drugs VIIth Ed. 1960. Merck, Rathway, N.J. 1642 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Metcalf, R. H. 1967. Mode of action of insecticide synergists. Ann. Rev. Entom. 12:229–256.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Milner, M. 1975. (ed.) Nutritional improvement of food legumes by breeding. Proceedings of a Symposium, Rome, July 1972. Wiley Interscience, N.Y. 400 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Muller, C. H. 1969. The “co” in coevolution. Science, 164:197–198.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. —. 1970. Phytotoxins as plant habitat variables. Rec. Adv. Phytochem. 3:106–121.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Munakata, K. 1970. Insect antifeedants in plants. In Wood. 1970:179–181.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Nash, J. Undated. Poisonous Plants. Etchells and Macdonald, London. 85 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Nowacki, E. 1963. Inheritance and biosynthesis of alkaloids of Lupin. Genetica Polonica 4:161–202.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Oliver, B. F., F. G. Maxwell and J. N. Jenkins. 1971. Growth of the bollworm on glanded and glandless cotton. J. Econ. Entomol. 64:396–398.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Pammell, L. H. 1911. A manual of poisonous plants. The Torch Press, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. 977 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Paulson, D. R. 1973. Predator polymorphism and apostatic selection. Evolution 27:269–277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Pridham, J. B. 1963. Enzyme Chemistry of Phenolic Compounds. Macmillan and Co., N.Y. 142 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Rees, C. J. C. 1969. Chemoreceptor specificity associated with choice of feeding site by the beetle Chrysolina brunsvicensis on its food-plant Hypericum hirsutum. Ent. Exp. Appl. 12:565–583.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Rehr, S. S., D. H. Janzen and P. P. Feeny. 1973(a). L-Dopa in legume seeds. A chemical barrier to insect attack. Science 181:81–82.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Rehr, S. S., P. P. Feeny, and D. H. Janzen. 1973(b). Chemical defense in Central American non-ant-acacias. J. Anim. Ecol. 42:405–416.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Rhoades, D. F. The anti-herbivore defenses of Larrea. In The biology and chemistry of the creosotebush (Larrea) in the new world deserts. T. J. Mabry, J. Hunziker and D. R. DiFeo, Jr. (eds.). (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  76. Rice, E. L. 1974. Allelopathy. Academic Press, N.Y. 354 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Ribereau-Gayon, P. 1972. Plant phenolics. University Reviews in Botany, 3. V. H. Heywood (ed.). Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 234 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Rockwood, L. L. 1974. Seasonal changes in the susceptibility of Crescentia alata leaves to the flea beetle Oedionychus sp. Ecology 55:142–148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Rodriguez, J. G. 1972. Insect and mite nutrition. North-Holland, Amsterdam, 702 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Rothschild, M. 1973. Secondary plant substances and warning coloration in insects. In H. F. van Emden (ed.). 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Sakai, W. S., M. Hanson and R. C. Jones. 1972. Raphides with barbs and qrooves in Xanthasoma ragittifolium. Science 178:314–315.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Sakakibara, M., D. DiFeo, Jr., N. Nakatani, B. Timmermann, and T. J. Mabry. Flavonoid methyl ethers on the external leaf surfaces of Larrea tridentata and L. divaricata (Zygophyllaceae). Phytochem., (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  83. Schmeltz, I. 1971. Nicotine and other tobacco alkaloids. In Jacobson and Crosby. 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Schoonhoven, L. M. 1972. Secondary plant substances and insects. In Recent Advances in Phytochemistry, V. C. Runeckles and T. C. Tso (eds.). pp. 197–224. Vol. 5. Academic Press, N.Y. 350 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  85. Schultz, J. C., D. Otte and F. Enders. Larrea as a habitat component for desert arthropods. In The biology and chemistry of the creosotebush (Larrea) in the new world deserts. T. J. Mabry, J. Hunsiker and D. R. DiFeo (eds.). (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  86. Schwerdtfeger, F. 1956. Is the density of animal populations governed by chance? Tenth Int. Congr. Ent. 4:115–122. E. C. Becker, (ed.).

    Google Scholar 

  87. Self, L., F. Guthrie, and E. Hodgson. 1964. Adaptations of tobacco hornworms to the ingestion of nicotine. J. Insect Physiol. 10:907–909.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Smith, B. D. 1966. Effect of the plant alkaloid sparteine on the distribution of the aphid Acrythosiphon spartii. Nature 212:213–214.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Smith, J. N. 1962. Detoxification mechanisms. Ann. Rev. Ent. 7:465–480.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Smith, R. H. 1961. The fumigant toxicity of three pine resins to Dendroctonus brevicomis and D. jeffreyi. J. Econ. Entomol. 54(2):359–365.

    Google Scholar 

  91. — and L. E. Green. 1972. Xylem resin in the resistance of the Pinaceae to bark beetles. U.S.D.A. For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-1, 7 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Sondheimer, E. J. and J. B. Simeone (eds.). 1970. Chemical Ecology. Academic Press, N.Y. 336 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Stein, W. D. 1967. The Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes. Academic Press, N.Y. 369 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Treub, M. 1896. Nouvelles Researches sur le role de l’acide cyanhyrique dans les plants vertes. Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitzenbor, Ser. II, 6:79–106.

    Google Scholar 

  95. van Emden, H. F. 1972. Aphids as phytochemists. In Harborne. 1972:25–43.

    Google Scholar 

  96. —. 1973. Insect/Plant Relationships. (ed.) John Wiley and Sons, N.Y. 215 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  97. — and M. A. Bashford. 1969. A comparison of the reproduction of Brevicoryne brassicae and Myzus persicae in relation to soluble nitrogen concentration and leaf age (leaf position) in the brussels sprout plant. Ent. Exp. Appl. 12:351–364.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. Vogel, R., I. Trautschold, and E. Werle. 1968. Natural Proteinase Inhibitors. Academic Press, N.Y. 159 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Williams, C. M. 1970. Hormonal interactions between plants and insects. In Sondheimer and Simeone. 1970: 103–132.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Williams, R. J. and E. M. Lansford. 1967. The Encyclopedia of Biochemistry. Reinhold, N.Y. 876 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  101. Wood, D. L. 1973. Selection and colonization of Ponderosa Pine by Bark Beetles. In van Emden, 1973: 101–117.

    Google Scholar 

  102. —, R. M. Silverstein and M. Nakajima. 1970. Control of insect behavior by natural products. Academic Press, N. Y. 345 pp.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1976 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Rhoades, D.F., Cates, R.G. (1976). Toward a General Theory of Plant Antiherbivore Chemistry. In: Wallace, J.W., Mansell, R.L. (eds) Biochemical Interaction Between Plants and Insects. Recent Advances in Phytochemistry, vol 10. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2646-5_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2646-5_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-2648-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-2646-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics