Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Bacteriophages That Contain Lipid

  • Chapter
Newly Characterized Protist and Invertebrate Viruses

Part of the book series: Comprehensive Virology ((CV,volume 12))

Abstract

The several types of lipid-containing bacteriophages that have been described so far do not constitute a natural grouping. They differ from each other in many ways including host range, nucleic acid type, mode of attachment to host cells, and location of the lipid in the virion. It is, however, useful to discuss them together since they are likely to prove of immense value in the elucidation of lipid-protein interactions and the biogenesis of structures containing lipid. The anticipated advantages of these viruses for the study of “membrane biology” are to be found in their rather simple and probably stoichiometric composition with respect to proteins and nucleic acids, which is characteristic of almost all viruses, as well as the ease of preparing large amounts of virus material for structural work and the possibility of isolating conditional-lethal mutants that will facilitate the investigation of the morphogenetic pathways employed by these viruses.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Acs, G., Klett, H., Schonberg, M., Christman, J., Levin, D. H., and Silverstein, S. C., 1971, Mechanism of reovirus double-stranded ribonucleic acid synthesis in vivo and in vitro, J. Virol. 8:684–689.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ball, L. A., and Kaesberg, P., 1973, A polarity gradient in the expression of the repli-case gene of RNA bacteriophage Qβ, J. Mol. Biol. 74:547–562.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bamford, D. H., Palva, E. T., and Lounatmaa, K., 1976, Ultrastructure and life cycle of the lipid-containing bacteriophage ϕ6, J. Gen. Virol. 32:249–259.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bell, R. M., Mavis, R. D., Osborn, M. J., and Vagelos, P. R., 1971, Enzymes of phospholipid metabolism: Localization in the cytoplasmic and outer membrane of the cell envelope of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 249:628–635.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bowman, B. U., Jr., Newman, H. A. I., Moritz, J. M., and Koehler, R. M., 1973, Properties of mycobacteriophage DS6A. II. Lipid composition, Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 107:42–49.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bradley, D. E., 1976, Adsorption of the R-specific bacteriophage PR4 to pili determined by a drug resistance plasmid of the W compatibility group, J. Gen. Microbiol. 95:181–185.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bradley, D. E., and Rutherford, E. L., 1975, Basic characterization of lipid-containing bacteriophage specific for plasmids of the P, N, and W compatibility groups, Can. J. Microbiol. 21:152–163.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brady, G. W., Fein, D. B., and Brumberger, H., 1976, X-ray diffraction studies of circular superhelical DNA at 300-10,000 A resolution, Nature (London) 264:231–234.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braunstein, S., and Franklin, R. M., 1971, Structure and synthesis of a lipid-containing bacteriophage. V. Phospholipids of the host BAL-31 and of the bacteriophage PM2, Virology 43:685–695.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bretscher, M. S., 1973, Membrane structure: Some general principles, Science 181:622–629.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brewer, G. J., 1976, Control of membrane morphogenesis in bacteriophage PM2, J. Supramol. Struct. 5:73–79.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brewer, G. J., and Singer, S. J., 1974, On the disposition of the proteins of the membrane-containing bacteriophage PM2, Biochemistry 13:3580–3588.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cadden, S. P., and Sands, J. A., 1976, Proteins of a lipid containing bacteriophage which replicates in Escherichia coli: Phage PR4, Abst. Annu. Meet. Am. Soc. Microbiol., S20, p. 207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Camerini-Otero, R. D., and Franklin, R. M., 1972, Structure and synthesis of a lipid-containing bacteriophage. XII. The fatty acids and lipid content of bacteriophage PM2, Virology 49:385–393.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Camerini-Otero, R. D., and Franklin, R. M., 1975, Structure and synthesis of a lipid-containing bacteriophage. XVII. The molecular weight and other physical properties of bacteriophage PM2, Eur. J. Biochem. 53:343–348.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Camerini-Otero, R. D., Datta, A., and Franklin, R. M., 1972, Structure and synthesis of a lipid-containing bacteriophage. XI. Studies on the structural glycoprotein of the virus particle, Virology 49:522–536.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Capaldi, R. A., and Vanderkooi, G., 1972, The low polarity of many membrane proteins, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 69:930–932.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Casjens, S., and King, J., 1975, Virus assembly, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 44:555–611.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coplin, D. L., Van Etten, J. L., Koski, R. K., and Vidaver, A. K., 1975, Intermediates in the biosynthesis of double-stranded ribonucleic acids of bacteriophage ϕ6, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72:849–853.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coplin, D. L., Van Etten, J. L., and Vidaver, A. K., 1976, Synthesis of bacteriophage ϕ6 double-stranded ribonucleic acid, J. Gen. Virol. 33:509–512.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cota-Robles, E., Espejo, R. T., and Haywood, P. W., 1968, Ultrastructure of bacterial cells infected with bacteriophage PM2, a lipid-containing bacterial virus, J. Virol. 2:56–68.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dahlberg, J. E., and Franklin, R. M., 1970, Structure and synthesis of a lipid-containing bacteriophage. IV. Electron microscopic studies of PM2-infected Pseudomonas BAL-31, Virology 42:1073–1086.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dales, S., and Mosbach, E. H., 1968, Vaccinia as a model for membrane biogenesis, Virology 35:564–583.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Datta, A., Camerini-Otero, R. D., Braunstein, S. N., and Franklin, R. M., 1971, Structure and synthesis of a lipid-containing bacteriophage. VII. Structural proteins of bacteriophage PM2, Virology 45:232–239.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Diedrich, D. L., and Cota-Robles, E. H., 1974, Heterogeneity in lipid composition of the outer membrane and cytoplasmic membrane of Pseudomonas BAL-31, J. Bacte-riol. 119:1006–1018.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Diedrich, D. L., and Cota-Robles, E. H., 1976, Phospholipid metabolism in Pseudomonas BAL-31 infected with lipid-containing bacteriophage PM2, J. Virol. 19:446–456.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edgar, R. A., Denhardt, G. H., and Epstein, R. H., 1964, A comparative genetic study of conditional lethal mutations of bacteriophage T4D, Genetics 49:635–658.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, L. F., and Schlegel, R. A., 1974, Electron microscopy of Pseudomonas ϕ6 bacteriophage, J. Virol. 14:1547–1551.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Espejo, R. T., and Canelo, E. S., 1968a, Properties of bacteriophage PM2: A lipid-containing bacterial virus, Virology 34:738–747.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Espejo, R. T., and Canelo, E. S., 1968b, Origin of phospholipid in bacteriophage PM2, J. Virol. 2:1235–1240.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Espejo, R. T., and Canelo, E. S., 1968c, Properties and characterization of the host bacterium of bacteriophage PM2, J. Bacteriol. 95:1887–1891.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Espejo, R. T., and Canelo, E. S., 1969, The DNA of bacteriophage PM2: Ultra-centrifugal evidence for a circular structure, Virology 37:495–498.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Espejo, R. T., Canelo, E. S., and Sinsheimer, R. L., 1969, DNA of bacteriophage PM2: A closed circular double-stranded molecule, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 63:1164–1168.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Espejo, R. T., Canelo, E. S., and Sinsheimer, R. L., 1971a, Replication of bacteriophage PM2 deoxyribonucleic acid: A closed circular double-stranded molecule, J. Mol. Biol. 56:597–621.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Espejo, R. T., Espejo-Canelo, E., and Sinsheimer, R. L., 1971b, A difference between intracellular and viral supercoiled PM2 DNA, J. Mol. Biol. 56:623–626.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fields, B. N., and Joklik, W. K., 1969, Isolation and preliminary genetic and biochemical characterization of temperature-sensitive mutants of reovirus, Virology 37:335–342.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fiers, W., 1975, Chemical structure and biological activity of bacteriophage MS2 RNA, in: RNA Phages (N. D. Zinder, ed.), pp. 353–396, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor.

    Google Scholar 

  • Franklin, R. M., 1974, Structure and synthesis of bacteriophage PM2, with particular emphasis on the viral lipid bilayer, Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 68:108–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Franklin, R. M., 1976, PM2 bacteriophage as a model for the structure and synthesis of lipid membranes, Cell Surface Rev. (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Franklin, R. M., Salditt, M., and Silbert, J. A., 1969, Structure and synthesis of a lipid-containing bacteriophage. I. Growth of bacteriophage PM2 and alterations in nucleic acid metabolism in the infected cell, Virology 38:627–640.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Franklin, R. M., Hinnen, R., Schäfer, R., and Tsukagoshi, N., 1976, Structure and assembly of lipid-containing viruses, with special reference to bacteriophage PM2 as one type of model system, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London. Ser. B 276:63–80.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert, W., and Dressier, D., 1968, DNA replication: The rolling circle model, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 33:473–484.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez, C. F., Langenberg, W. G., Van Etten, J. L., and Vidaver, A. K., 1976, Ultrastructure of bacteriophage ϕ6: Arrangement of dsRNA and lipid envelope, Abstr. Annu. Proc. Am. Phytopathol. Soc. Abstr., No. 223.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grodzicker, T., and Zipser, D., 1968, A mutation which creates a new site for the reinitiation of Polypeptide synthesis in the z gene of lac Operon of Escherichia coli, J. Mol. Biol. 38:305–314.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Happe, M., and Jockusch, H., 1975, Phage Qβ replicase: Cell-free synthesis of the phage-specific subunit and its assembly with host subunits to form active enzyme, Eur. J. Biochem. 58:359–366.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, S. C., Caspar, D. L. D., Camerini-Otero, R. D., and Franklin, R. M., 1971, Lipid and protein arrangement in bacteriophage PM2, Nature (London) New Biol. 229:197–201.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hinnen, R., Schäfer, R., and Franklin, R. M., 1974, Structure and synthesis of a lipid-containing bacteriophage: Preparation of virus and localization of the structural proteins, Eur. J. Biochem. 50:1–14.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hinnen, R., Chassin, R., Schäfer, R., Franklin, R. M., Hitz, H., and Schäfer, D., 1976, Structure and synthesis of a lipid-containing bacteriophage: Purification, chemical composition, and partial sequences of the structural proteins, Eur. J. Biochem. 68:139–152.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Israelachvili, J. N., 1973, Theoretical considerations on the asymmetric distribution of charged phospholipid molecules on the inner and outer layers of curved bilayer membranes, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 323:659–663.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laval, F., 1974, Endonuclease activity associated with purified PM2 bacteriophages, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71:4965–4969.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Linney, E., and Hayashi, M., 1974, Intragenic regulation of the synthesis of 0X174 gene A proteins, Nature (London) 249:345–348.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marvin, D. H., and Hohn, B., 1969, Filamentous bacterial viruses, Bacteriol. Rev. 33:172–209.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McDowell, M. J., Jöklik, W. K., Villa-Komaroff, L., and Lodish, H. J., 1972, Translation of reovirus messenger RNAs synthesized in vitro into reovirus Polypeptides by several mammalian cell-free extracts, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 69:2649–2653.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Michaelson, D. M., Horwitz, A. F., and Klein, M. P., 1973, Transbilayer asymmetry and surface homogeneity of mixed phospholipids in cosonicated vesicles, Biochemistry 12:2637–2645.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mindich, L., Cohen, J., and Weisburd, M., 1976a, Isolation of nonsense suppressor mutants in Pseudomonas, J. Bacteriol. 126:177–182.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mindich, L., Sinclair, J. F., Levine, D., and Cohen, J., 1976b, Genetic studies of temperature-sensitive and nonsense mutants of bacteriophage 06, Virology 75:218–223.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mindich, L., Sinclair, J. F., and Cohen, J., 1976c, The morphogenesis of bacteriophage 06: Particles formed by nonsense mutants, Virology 75:224–231.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, E. M., and Zweerink, H. J., 1975, Characterization of transcriptase and replicase particles isolated from reovirus-infected cells, Virology 68:455–466.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagy, E., Prágai, B., and Ivanovics, G., 1976, Characteristics of phage AP50, an RNA phage containing phospholipids, J. Gen. Virol. 32:129–132.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Newton, A., 1969, Re-initiation of Polypeptide synthesis and polarity in the lac Operon of Escherichia coli, J. Mol. Biol. 41:329–339.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nuss, D. L., Oppermann, H., and Koch, G., 1975, Selective blockage of initiation of host protein synthesis in RNA-virus-infected cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72:1252–1262.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Olsen, R. H., Siak, J. S., and Gray, R. H., 1974, Characteristics of PRD1, a plasmid-dependent broad host range DNA bacteriophage, J. Virol. 14:689–699.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Osborne, M. J., Gander, J. E., Parisi, E., and Carson, J., 1972, Mechanism of assembly of the outer membrane of Salmonella typhimurium: Isolation and characterization of cytoplasmic and outer membrane, J. Biol. Chem. 247:3962–3972.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pons, M. W., 1976, A reexamination of influenza single-and double-stranded RNAs by gel electrophoresis, Virology 69:789–792.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sakaki, Y., and Oshima, T., 1976, A new lipid-containing phage infecting acidophilic thermophilic bacteria, Virology 75:256–259.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sands, J. A., 1973, The phospholipid composition of bacteriophage ϕ6, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 55:111–116.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sands, J. A., 1976, Studies on the origin of the phospholipids of a lipid-containing virus which replicates in Escherichia coli: Bacteriophage PR4, J. Virol. 19:296–301.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sands, J. A., and Cadden, S. P., 1975, Phospholipids in an Escherichia coli bacteriophage, FEBS Lett. 58:43–46.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sands, J. A., and Lowlicht, R. A., 1976, Temporal origin of viral phospholipids of the enveloped bacteriophage ϕ6, Can. J. Microbiol. 22:154–158.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sands, J. A., Cupp, J., Keith, A., and Snipes, W., 1974, Temperature sensitivity of the assembly process of the enveloped bacteriophage ϕ6, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 373:277–285.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scandella, C. J., Schindler, H., Franklin, R. M., and Seelig, J., 1974, Structure and synthesis of a lipid-containing bacteriophage. Acyl-chain motion in the PM2 virus membrane, Eur. J. Biochem. 50:29–32.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schäfer, R., and Franklin, R. M. 1975a, Structure and synthesis of a lipid-containing bacteriophage: A polynucleotide-dependent polynucleotide-pyrophosphorylase activity in bacteriophage PM2, Eur. J. Biochem. 58:81–85.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schäfer, R., and Franklin, R. M., 1975b, Structure and synthesis of a lipid-containing bacteriophage. XIX. Reconstitution of bacteriophage PM2 in vitro, J. Mol. Biol. 97:21–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schäfer, R., Hinnen, R., and Franklin, R. M., 1974a, Structure and synthesis of a lipid-containing bacteriophage: Properties of the structural proteins and distribution of the phospholipid, Eur. J. Biochem. 50:15–27.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schäfer, R., Hinnen, R., and Franklin, R. M., 1974b, Further observations on the structure of the lipid-containing bacteriophage PM2, Nature (London) 248:681–682.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schäfer, R., Huber, U., Franklin, R. M., and Seelig, J., 1975, Structure and synthesis of a lipid-containing bacteriophage. XXI. Chemical modifications of bacteriophage PM2 and the resulting alterations in acyl-chain motion in the PM2 membrane, Eur. J. Biochem. 58:291–296.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schonberg, M., Silverstein, S. C., Levin, D. H., and Acs, G., 1971, Asynchronous synthesis of the complementary strands of the reovirus genome, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 68:505–508.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Semancik, J. S., Vidaver, A. K., and Van Etten, J. L., 1973, Characterization of a segmented double-helical RNA from bacteriophage ϕ6, J. Mol. Biol. 78:617–625.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silbert, J. A., Salditt, M., and Franklin, R. M., 1969, Structure and synthesis of a lipid-containing bacteriophage. III. Purification of bacteriophage PM2 and some structural studies on the virion, Virology 39:666–681.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simpson, R. W., and Hirst, G. K., 1968, Temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza A-virus: Isolation of mutants and preliminary observations on genetic recombination and complementation, Virology 35:41–49.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sinclair, J. F., and Mindich, L., 1976, RNA synthesis during infection with bac-teriophage ϕ6, Virology 75:209–217.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sinclair, J. F., Tzagoloff, A., Levine, D., and Mindich, L., 1975, Proteins of bacteriophage ϕ6, J. Virol. 16:685–695.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sinclair, J. F., Cohen, J., and Mindich, L., 1976, The isolation of suppressible nonsense mutants of bacteriophage ϕ6, Virology 75:198–208.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snipes, W., Douthwright, J., Sands, J., and Keith, A., 1974, Control of phospholipid synthesis and viral assembly by bacteriophage PM2, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 363:340–350.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spear, P. G., and Roizman, B., 1972, Proteins specified by herpes simplex virus. V. Purification and structural proteins of the herpes virion, J. Virol. 9:143–159.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spencer, R., 1963, Bacterial viruses in the sea, Symposium on Marine Microbiology (C. H. Oppenheimer, ed.), pp. 350–365, Thomas, Springfield, 111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stanisich, V., 1974, The properties and host range of male-specific bacteriophages of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, J. Gen. Microbiol. 84:332–342.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stern, W., and Dales, S., 1974, Biogenesis of vaccinia: Concerning the origin of the envelope phospholipids, Virology 62:293–306.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, J. H., Jr., Burge, B. W., Pfefferkorn, E. R., and Darnell, J. E., Jr., 1968, Identification of the membrane protein and “core” protein of Sindbis virus, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 59:533–537.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Studier, F. W., 1973a, Genetic analysis of non-essential bacteriophage T7 genes, J. Mol. Biol. 79:227–236.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Studier, F. W., 1973b, Analysis of bacteriophage T7 early RNA’s and proteins on slab gels, J. Mol. Biol. 79:237–248.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsukagoshi, N., and Franklin, R. M., 1974, Structure and synthesis of a lipid-containing bacteriophage. XIII. Studies on the origin of the viral phospholipids, Virology 59:408–417.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsukagoshi, N., Petersen, M. H., and Franklin, R. M., 1975, Effect of unsaturated fatty acids on the lipid composition of bacteriophage PM2, Nature (London) 253:125–126.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsukagoshi, N., Kania, M. N., and Franklin, R. M., 1976a, Identification of acyl phosphatidylglycerol as a minor phospholipid of Pseudomonas BAL-31, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 450:131–136.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsukagoshi, N., Petersen, M. H., Huber, U., Franklin, R. M., and Seelig, J., 1976b, Phase transitions in the membrane of a marine bacterium, Pseudomonas BAL-31, Eur. J. Biochem. 62:257–262.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van der Schans, G. P., Weyermans, J. P., and Bleichrodt, J. F., 1971, Infection of spheroplasts of Pseudomonas with DNA of bacteriophage PM2, Mol. Gen. Genet. 110:263–271.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Dieijen, G., Van Knippenberg, P. H., and Van Duin, J., 1976, The specific role of ribosomal protein S1 in the recognition of native phage RNA, Eur. J. Biochem. 64:511–518.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Etten, J. L., Vidaver, A. K., Koski, R. K., and Semancik, J. S., 1973, RNA Polymerase activity associated with bacteriophage ϕ6, J. Virol. 12:464–471.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Etten, J. L., Vidaver, A. K., Koski, R. K., and Burnett, J. P., 1974, Base composition and hybridization studies of the three double-stranded RNA segments of bacteriophage ϕ6, J. Virol. 13:1254–1262.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Etten, J., Lane, L., Gonzalez, C., Partridge, J., and Vidaver, A., 1976, Comparative properties of bacteriophage ϕ6 and ϕ6 nucleocapsid, J. Virol. 18:652–658.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vidaver, A. K., Koski, R. K., and Van Etten, J. L., 1973, Bacteriophage ϕ6: A lipid-containing virus of Pseudomonas phaseolicola, J. Virol. 11:799–805.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wehrli, W., and Staehelin, M., 1971, Actions of the rifamycins, Bacteriol. Rev. 35:290–309.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weiner, A. M., and Weber, K., 1971, Natural read-through at the UGA termination signal of Qβ coat protein cistron, Nature (London) New Biol. 234:206–209.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wirtz, K. W. A., 1974, Transfer of phospholipids between membranes, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 344:95–117.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto, K. R., and Alberts, B. M., 1970, Rapid bacteriophage sedimentation in the presence of polyethylene glycol and its application to large-scale virus purification, Virology 40:734–744.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yanofsky, C., and Ito, J., 1966, Nonsense codons and polarity in the tryptophan operon, J. Mol. Biol 21:313–334.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yanofsky, C., Horn, V., Bonner, M., and Stasioski, S., 1971, Polarity and enzyme functions in mutants of the first three genes of the tryptophan operon of Escherichia coli, Genetics 69:409–433.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zipser, D., Zabell, S., Rothman, J., Grodzicker, T., and Wenk, H., 1970, Fine structure of the gradient of polarity in the z gene of the lac operon of Escherichia coli, J. Mol. Biol. 49:251–254.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, The Public Health Research Institute of the City of New York, Inc., New York, New York, 10016, USA

    Leonard Mindich

Authors
  1. Leonard Mindich
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1978 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Mindich, L. (1978). Bacteriophages That Contain Lipid. In: Newly Characterized Protist and Invertebrate Viruses. Comprehensive Virology, vol 12. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2724-0_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2724-0_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-2726-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-2724-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation