Abstract
Topical application of some chemical carcinogens will induce skin tumors on mice. In general, most chemical carcinogens have to be given repeatedly to induce a large number of tumors (complete carcinogenesis). Skin tumors also can be induced by the sequential application of a single subthreshold dose of a carcinogen (initiation phase) followed by repeated treatment with a noncarcinogenic promoter (promotion phase). This second procedure employing initiation and promotion is referred to as two-stage carcinogenesis.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Berenblum, I. 1941. The cocarcinogenic action of croton resin. Cancer Res. 1: 44–48.
Mottram, J.C. 1944. A developing factor in experimental blastogenesis. J. Pathol. Bacteriol. 56: 181–187.
VanDuuren, B.L., and B.M. Goldschmidt. 1978. Structure-activity relationships of tumor promoters and cocarcinogens and interaction of phorbol myristate acetate and related esters with plasma membranes. In: Carcinogenesis: A comprehensive survey, Volume 2. Mechanisms of Tumor Promotion and Cocarcinogenesis. T.J. Slaga, A. Sivak, and R.K. Boutwell, eds. Raven Press: New York. pp. 491–508.
Gwynn, R.H., and N.H. Salamon. 1953. Studies on cocarcinogenesis. SH-reactons and other substances tested for cocarcinogenic action in mouse skin. Brit. J. Cancer 7: 482–489.
Roe, F.J.C., and W.E.H. Pierce. 1960. Tumor promotion by citrus oils: Tumors of the skin and urethral orifice in mice. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 24: 1389–1403.
Boutwell, R.K., and D.K. Bosch. 1957. Studies on the role of surface active agents in the formation of skin tumors in mice. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 2: 190–191.
Bock, F.G., G.E. Moors, and S.K. Crouch. 1964. Tumor-promoting activity of extracts of unburned tobacco. Science 145: 831–833.
VanDuuren, B.L., A. Sivak, L. Langseth, B.M. Goldschmidt, and A. Segal. 1964. Initiators and promoters in tobacco carcinogenesis. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr. 28: 173–204.
Slaga, T.J., A.J.P. Klein-Szanto, L.L. Triplett, L.P. Yotti, and J.E. Trosko. 1981. Skin tumor promoting activity of benzoyl peroxide, a widely used free radical-generating compound. Science 213: 1023–1025.
Boutwell, R.K., and D.K. Bosch. 1959. Tumor promoting action of phenol and related compounds for mouse skin. Cancer Res. 19: 413–424.
VanDuuren, B.L. 1969. Tumor promoting agents in two-stage carcinogenesis. Progr. Exptl. Tumor Res. 11: 31–68.
Hecker, E. 1978. Structure-activity relationships in diterpene esters irritant and cocarcinogenic to mouse skin. In: Carcinogenesis: A Comprehensive Survey, Volume 2. Mechanisms of Tumor Promotion and Carcinogenesis. T.J. Slaga, A. Sivak, and R.K. Boutwell, eds. Raven Press: New York. pp. 11–48.
Slaga, T.J., J.D. Scribner, S. Thompson, and A. Viaje. 1974. Epidermal cell proliferation and promoting ability of phorbol esters. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 57: 1145–1149.
Slaga, T.J., S.M. Fischer, K. Nelson, and G.L. Gleason. 1980. Studies on the mechanism of skin tumor promotion: Evidence for several stages of promotion. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77: 3659–3663.
Mechanisms of Tumor Promotion and Carcinogenesis. T.J. Slaga, A. Sivak, and R.K. Boutwell, eds. 1978. Raven Press: New York. pp. 1–588.
Slaga, T.J., S.M. Fischer, C.E. Weeks, and A.J.P. Klein-Szanto. 1981. Cellular and biochemical mechanisms of mouse skin tumor promoters. In: Reviews in Biochemical Toxicology, Vol. 3. E. Hodgson, J. Bend, and R.M. Philpot, eds. Elsevier North-Holland, Inc.: New York. pp. 231–281.
Raick A.N. 1973. Ultrastructural, histological, and biochemical alterations induced by 12–0-tetradecanoylphorbol-l3-acetate on mouse epidermis and their relevance to skin tumor promotion. Cancer Res. 33: 269–286.
Raick, A.N. 1974. Cell differentiation and tumor-promoting action in skin carcinogenesis. Cancer Res. 34: 2915–2925.
Slaga, T.J., J.P. Klein-Szanto, S.M. Fischer, C.E. Weeks, K. Nelson, and S. Major. 1980. Studies on mechanism of action of anti-tumor-promoting agents: Their specificity in two-stage promotion. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77: 2251–2254.
DiGiovanni, J., T.J. Slaga, and R.K. Boutwell. 1980. Comparison of the tumor-initiating activity of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene in female SENCAR and CD-1 mice. Carcinogenesis 1: 381–389.
Boutwell, R.K. 1964. Some biological aspects of skin carcinogenesis. Progr. Exptl. Tumor Res. 4: 207–250.
Slaga, T.J., S.M. Fischer, C.E. Weeks, and A.J.P. Klein-Szanto. 1980. Multistage chemical carcinogenesis in mouse skin. In: Biochemistry of Normal and Abnormal Epidermal Differentiation. I.A. Bernstein and M. Seiji, eds. University of Tokyo Press: Tokyo. pp. 193–218.
Phillips, D.H., P.L. Grover, and P. Sims. 1979. A quantitative determination of the covalent binding of a series of polycyclic hydrocarbons to DNA in mouse skin. Int. J. Cancer 23: 201–208.
Phillips, D.H., P.L. Grover, and P. Sims. 1978. The covalent binding of polycyclic hydrocarbons to DNA in the skin of mice of different strains. Int. J. Cancer 22: 487–494.
Legraverend, C., B. Mansour, D.W. Nebert, and J.M. Holland. 1980. Genetic differences in benzo[a]pyrene initiated tumorigenesis in mouse skin. Pharmacology 20: 242–255.
Levin, W., A.W. Wood, P.G. Wislocki, J. Kapitulnik, H. Yagi, D.M. Jerina, and A.H. Conney. 1977. Carcinogenicity of benzo-ring derivatives of benzo[a]pyrene on mouse skin. Cancer Res. 37: 3356–3361.
Kinoshita, N., and H.V. Gelboin. 1972. The role of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene skin tumorigenesis: On the mechanism of 7,8-benzoflavone inhibition of tumorigenesis. Cancer Res. 32: 1329–1339.
Stenback, F. 1980. Skin carcinogenesis as a model system; observations on species, strain, and tissue sensitivity to 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene with and without promotion from croton oil. Acta Pharmacol. et Toxicol. 46:89–97.
Delclos, K.B., D.S. Nagle, and P.M. Blumberg. 1980. Specific binding of phorbol ester tumor promoters to mouse skin. Cell 19: 1025–1032.
Trainin, N. 1963. Adrenal imbalance in mouse skin carcinogenesis. Cancer Res. 23: 415–419.
Sisskin, E.E., and J.C. Barrett. 1981. Hyperplasia of Syrian hamster epidermis induced by single but not multiple treatments with 12–0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Cancer Res. 41: 346–350.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1983 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Reiners, J., Davidson, K., Nelson, K., Mamrack, M., Slaga, T. (1983). Skin Tumor Promotion: A Comparative Study of Several Stocks and Strains of Mice. In: Langenbach, R., Nesnow, S., Rice, J.M. (eds) Organ and Species Specificity in Chemical Carcinogenesis. Basic Life Sciences. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4400-1_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4400-1_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-4402-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-4400-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive