Abstract
As the scope of quantum chemistry broadened from the consideration of stable molecules near equilibrium to encompass potential curves and surfaces, transition states, radicals, ions, and excited states, the shortcomings of the Hartree— Fock (HF) approximation for the description of the electronic structure of molecular systems became increasingly evident. The energy error of the restricted HF wave function, i.e., the difference between the HF limit energy (which is the limit approached by restricted self-consistent field calculations as the basis set approaches completeness) and the exact solution of the nonrelativistic Schrodinger equation, has been termed the correlation energy.(1) It reflects the fact that the HF Hamiltonian contains the average, rather than instantaneous, interelectron potential, and thus neglects the correlation between the motions of the electrons.
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Shavitt, I. (1977). The Method of Configuration Interaction. In: Schaefer, H.F. (eds) Methods of Electronic Structure Theory. Modern Theoretical Chemistry, vol 3. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0887-5_6
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