Abstract
A consultant psychiatrist working in The Mental Health services in the UK may expect to see perhaps eight to twelve new cases of schizophrenia in a year: however the known individuals suffering from schizophrenia may number 100 to 120 for a catchment area of 45 000. In some settings, characteristically that of a deprived inner city area, this number may be greatly exceeded. The service provision for this group may have to be flexible to accommodate a broad range of age, disability, and social settings. Although there is a marked tendency for the deficits associated with schizophrenia to increase with duration of illness (Owens and Johnstone, 1980) there will be individuals for whom youth is no protection from severe disability, and some aging individuals whose disabilities may be less than expected.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Birchwood, M., Smith, J., Macmillan, F. et al. (1989) Predicting relapse in schizophrenia: the development and implementation of an early signs monitoring system using patients and families as observers. Psychol. Med., 19, 649–56.
Bower, M.B. Jr. (1968) Pathogenesis of acute schizophrenic psychosis — an experimental approach. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 19, 348–55.
Brier, A. and Strauss, J.S. (1983) Self-control in Psychiatric Disorders. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 40, 1141–5.
Cameron, D.E. (1938) Early schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry, 95, 567–8.
Chapman, J. (1966) The early symptoms of schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry, 112, 225–51.
Creer, C. and Wing, J. (1974) Schizophrenics at home. National Schizophrenia Fellowship, Surbiton, Surrey.
Davis, J.M. (1975) Overview: Maintenance therapy in psychiatry: I. Schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry, 132, 1237–45.
Derogatis, L., Lipman, R. and Covi, L. (1973) SCL — 90: An outpatient psychiatric rating scale — preliminary report. Psychopharm. Bull. 9, 13–17.
Docherty, J.P., Van Kämmen, D.P., Siris, S.G., and Marder, S.R. (1978) Stages of onset of schizophrenic psychosis. Am. J. Psychiatry, 135, 420–6.
Donlon, P.T. and Blacker, K.H. (1975) Clinical Recognition of Early schizophrenic decompensation. Disord. Nerv. Sys., 36, 323–30.
Foulds, G.W. (1976) The Hierarchical Nature of Personal Illness. Academic Press, London.
Freedman, B. and Chapman, L.J. (1973) Early subjective experience in schizophrenic episodes. J. Abnorm. Psychol., 82, 45–54.
Heinrichs, D., Cohen, B.P. and Carpenter, W.T. (1985), Early insight and the management of schizophrenic decompensation J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 173, 133.
Heinrichs, D.W. and Carpenter, W.T. (1985) Prospective study of prodromal symptoms in schizophrenic relapse. Am. J. Psychiatry, 143, 371–3.
Herz, M. and Melville, C. (1980) Relapse in schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry, 137, 801–12.
Herz, M.I. Syzmonski, H.V. and Simon, J. (1982) Intermittent medication for stable schizophrenic outpatients. Am. J. Psychiatry, 139, 918–22.
Hirsch, S.R. and Jolley, A.G. (1989) The Dysphoric Syndrome in schizophrenia and its implications for relapse Br. J. Psychiatry, 155, 46–50.
Hogarty, G.E., Anderson, CM., Reiss, D.J. et al. (1986) Family psychoeducation, social skills training and maintenance chemotherapy in the after care treatment of schizophrenia: I. One year effects of a controlled study on relapse and expressed emotion. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 43, 633–42.
Johnson, D.A.W., Pasteski, G., Ludlow, J.H. et al. (1983) The discontinuance of maintenance neuroleptic therapy in chronic schizophrenic patients. Acta Psychiatr. Scand., 67, 339–52.
Johnstone, E.C., Owens, D.G.C., Gold, A., et al. (1984) Schizophrenic patients discharged from hospital: A follow-up study. Br. J. Psychiatry, 145, 586–90.
Kane, J.M., Woerner, M. and Sarantakos, S. (1986) Depot neuroleptics: A comparative review of standard intermediate and low dose regimes J. Clin. Psychiatry, 47, May Supplement, 30-3.
Marder, S., Van Putten, T., Muntz, J. et al. (1984) Maintenance therapy in schizophrenia: new findings. In J. Kane (ed), Drug Maintenance Strategies in Schizophrenia. American Psychiatric Press, Washington D.C. pp. 31–49.
McCandless-Glincher, L., McKnight, S., Hamera, E. et al. (1986) Use of symptoms by schizophrenics to monitor and regulate their illness. Hosp. Community Psychiatry, 37, 929–33.
McGhie, A. and Chapman, J. (1961) Disorders of attention and perception in early schizophrenia. Br. J. Med. Psychol., 34, 103–16.
Offenkrantz, W.C. (1962) Multiple somatic complaints as a precursor of schizophrenia Am. J. Psychiatry, 119, 258–9.
Overall, J.E. and Gorham, D.R. (1962) The brief psychiatric rating scale. Psychol. Rep., 10, 799–812.
Owens, D.G.C. and Johnstone, E.C. (1980) The disabilities of chronic schizophrenia. Their nature and factors contributing to their development. Br. J. Psychiatry, 136, 384–95.
Pyke, J. and Seeman, M.D. (1981) ‘Neuroleptic free’ intervals in the treatment of schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry, 138, 1620–1.
Schooler, N.R. (1986) The efficacy of antipsychotic drugs, and family therapies and the maintenance treatment of schizophrenia J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 6, 115–95.
Stein, W., (1967) The sense of becoming psychotic. Br. J. Psychiatry, 30, 262–75.
Subotnik, K.L. and Nuechterlein, K.H. (1988) Prodromal signs and symptoms of schizophrenic relapse. J. Abnorm. Psychol., 97, 405–12.
Tamer, N., Barrowclough, C., Vaughn, C. et al. (1988) The community management of schizophrenia: a controlled trial of behavioural intervention with families to reduce relapse. Br. J. Psychiatry, 153, 532–42.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1992 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Macmillan, F., Birchwood, M., Smith, J. (1992). Predicting and controlling relapse in schizophrenia: early signs monitoring. In: Kavanagh, D.J. (eds) Schizophrenia. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-4457-3_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-4457-3_19
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-412-38900-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-4457-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive