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The Regenerative Potential of the Vertebrate Retina: Lessons from the Zebrafish

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Regenerative Biology of the Eye

Part of the book series: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine ((STEMCELL))

Abstract

The regenerative potential, forward/reverse genetic capabilities and technical advantages of the zebrafish make it an ideal model for studying signals and mechanisms that drive retinal regeneration. Here, we describe the different cellular sources of regeneration in zebrafish, with a particular emphasis on Müller glia cells, as well as the individual signalling pathways that specifically co-ordinate the different phases of regeneration. Because the same cells are also generated developmentally, a comparison between developmental and regenerative processes is of particular benefit to identify the extent to which we can drive developmental mechanisms to improve adult regenerative responses. Given the recent identification of many conserved signalling pathways using zebrafish developmental studies, we can now use this model system to assess their involvement during regeneration. Finally, identifying similarities and differences between zebrafish and amniotic vertebrates allows us to distinguish between the intrinsic capacity and extrinsic signals that can improve regeneration. Thus, we aim to highlight data obtained from the zebrafish vertebrate model and how this information can and has contributed to and directed mammalian research.

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Abbreviations

ADP:

Adenosine diphosphate

Ascl1a:

Achaete-scute complex like 1a

Atoh7:

Atonal homolog 7

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

bHLH:

Basic helix loop helix

Bmp:

Bone morphogenetic protein

Brn3b:

Brain-specific homeobox 3b

CGZ:

Circumferential germinal zone

Chx10:

Ceh-10 homeodomain containing homolog

CMZ:

Ciliary margin zone

CNTF:

Ciliary neurotrophic factor

Crx:

Cone rod homeobox

Dkk1b:

Dickkopf 1b

Dll1:

Delta-like 1

Dpi:

Days post-injury

Drgal1-L2:

β-Galactoside-binding protein galectin 1-like 2

ERG:

Electroretinogram

Fgf8:

Fibroblast growth factor 8

FoxN4:

Forkhead box N4

Fzd2:

Frizzled 2

Gap43:

Growth-associated protein 43

GCL:

Ganglion cell layer

GFAP:

Glial fibrillary acidic protein

GSK-3β:

Glycogen synthase kinase-3β

HB-EGF:

Heparin-binding epidermal like growth factor

Hes5:

Hairy and enhancer of split 5

Hpi:

Hours post-injury

Hspd1:

Heat shock 60-kDa protein 1

Id2a:

Inhibitory of differentiation 2

IgF:

Insulin growth factor

IKNM:

Interkinetic nuclear migration

INL:

Inner nuclear layer

Insm1a:

Insulinoma-associated 1a

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

Mcm:

Minichromosome maintenance protein

Mps1:

Monopolar spindle 1

Ngn1:

Neurogenin 1

NMDA:

N-methyl-d-aspartate

Oct4:

Octamer-binding transcription factor 4

Olig2:

Oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2

ONL:

Outer nuclear layer

Pax6:

Paired box 6

PCNA:

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen

PDGFA:

Platelet-derived growth factor A

Rac1:

Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1

Shh/Hh:

Sonic hedgehog/Hedgehog

Six3b:

Sine-oculis homeobox homolog 3b

Sox2:

Sex determining region Y-box 2

Stat3:

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3

TGFβ:

Transforming growth factor beta

Tgif1:

Transforming growth interacting factor

TNFα:

Tumour necrosis factor alpha

Trb:

Thyroid hormone receptor β

Tuba1a/α1T:

α1-Tubulin

UAS:

Upstream activating sequence

Vsx1/Vsx2:

Visual homeobox transcription factors 1 and 2

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Acknowledgments

We are extremely grateful to Alexandra D. Almeida, Ryan MacDonald, Florence D’Orazi and Ashley L. Siegel for comments on this chapter.

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  1. Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Building 75, Wellington Road, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia

    Jeremy Ng, Peter D. Currie & Patricia R. Jusuf

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Correspondence to Patricia R. Jusuf .

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  1. Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Alice Pébay

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Ng, J., Currie, P.D., Jusuf, P.R. (2014). The Regenerative Potential of the Vertebrate Retina: Lessons from the Zebrafish. In: Pébay, A. (eds) Regenerative Biology of the Eye. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0787-8_3

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