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Bacterial Neuroactive Compounds Produced by Psychobiotics

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Microbial Endocrinology: The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Health and Disease

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((MICENDO,volume 817))

Abstract

We recently coined the phrase ‘psychobiotics’ to describe an emerging class of probiotics of relevance to psychiatry [Dinan et al., Biol Psychiatry 2013;74(10):720–726]. Such “mind-altering” probiotics may act via their ability to produce various biologically active compounds, such as peptides and mediators normally associated with mammalian neurotransmission. Several molecules with neuroactive functions such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), serotonin, catecholamines and acetylcholine have been reported to be microbially-derived, many of which have been isolated from bacteria within the human gut. Secreted neurotransmitters from bacteria in the intestinal lumen may induce epithelial cells to release molecules that in turn modulate neural signalling within the enteric nervous system and consequently signal brain function and behaviour of the host. Consequently, neurochemical containing/producing probiotic bacteria may be viewed as delivery vehicles for neuroactive compounds and as such, probiotic bacteria may possibly have the potential as a therapeutic strategy in the prevention and/or treatment of certain neurological and neurophysiological conditions.

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Abbreviations

5-HT:

5-Hydroxytryptamine

AA:

Arachidonic acid

ASD:

Autism spectrum disorders

CLA:

Conjugated linoleic acid

CNS:

Central nervous system

DHA:

Docosahexaenoic acid

GABA:

Gamma-aminobutyric acid

GAD:

Glutamate decarboxylase

GF:

Germ-free

GIT:

Gastrointestinal tract

IPA:

Indole-3-propionic acid

LAB:

Lactic acid bacteria

LC-PUFA:

Long-chain fatty acid

PPAR γ:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma

SCFA:

Short chain fatty acid

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Science Foundation of Ireland—funded Centre for Science, Engineering and Technology, the Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland

    Rebecca Wall, R. Paul Ross & Catherine Stanton

  2. Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

    John F. Cryan

  3. Microbiology and Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

    Gerald F. Fitzgerald

  4. University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

    Timothy G. Dinan

Authors
  1. Rebecca Wall
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  2. John F. Cryan
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  3. R. Paul Ross
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  4. Gerald F. Fitzgerald
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  5. Timothy G. Dinan
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  6. Catherine Stanton
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to John F. Cryan or Catherine Stanton .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, Texas, USA

    Mark Lyte

  2. Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College, Cork, Cork, Ireland

    John F. Cryan

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Wall, R., Cryan, J.F., Ross, R.P., Fitzgerald, G.F., Dinan, T.G., Stanton, C. (2014). Bacterial Neuroactive Compounds Produced by Psychobiotics. In: Lyte, M., Cryan, J. (eds) Microbial Endocrinology: The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Health and Disease. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 817. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0897-4_10

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