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Stem Cells for the Replacement of Auditory Neurons

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The Primary Auditory Neurons of the Mammalian Cochlea

Part of the book series: Springer Handbook of Auditory Research ((SHAR,volume 52))

Abstract

For inner ear neural replacement, stem cell therapy ultimately requires the meaningful reconnection of stem cell-derived auditory neurons to their peripheral and central targets, in order to faithfully reproduce a functional, tonotopic circuit. Learning how a stem cell is programmed for neural differentiation, how a neuron sends out a process to find a target, how it comes to recognize the appropriate site for synaptogenesis on a target cell, and how to express the molecular machinery needed for conducting an action potential and integrating with the functional circuit are all needed for rebuilding a damaged circuit. In instances where the peripheral targets (the sensory hair cells) have undergone severe degeneration these new neurons could be encouraged to grow processes toward a cochlear implant. This neural prosthesis could then directly stimulate stem cell-derived auditory neurons in the absence of the hair cells, to provide sound information to the brain. The need for accurate reproduction of a tonotopic neural circuit makes inner ear stem cell therapy particularly challenging. Despite these challenges, progress is being made toward the use of stem cells for auditory neural replacement, and progress to date is summarised in this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia

    Bryony A. Nayagam

  2. Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA

    Albert S. B. Edge

Authors
  1. Bryony A. Nayagam
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  2. Albert S. B. Edge
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Correspondence to Albert S. B. Edge .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Alain Dabdoub

  2. Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA

    Bernd Fritzsch

  3. Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA

    Arthur N. Popper

  4. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA

    Richard R. Fay

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Nayagam, B.A., Edge, A.S.B. (2016). Stem Cells for the Replacement of Auditory Neurons. In: Dabdoub, A., Fritzsch, B., Popper, A., Fay, R. (eds) The Primary Auditory Neurons of the Mammalian Cochlea. Springer Handbook of Auditory Research, vol 52. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3031-9_9

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