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Paradigms and Challenges

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Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis

Part of the book series: International Series in Operations Research & Management Science ((ISOR,volume 233))

Abstract

The purpose of this introductory part is to present an overall view of what MCDA is today. In Sect. 2.1, I will attempt to bring answers to questions such as: what is it reasonable to expect from MCDA? Why decision aiding is more often multicriteria than monocriterion? What are the main limitations to objectivity? Sect. 2.2 will be devoted to a presentation of the conceptual architecture that constitutes the main keys for analyzing and structuring problem situations. Decision aiding cannot and must not be envisaged jointly with a hypothesis of perfect knowledge. Different ways for apprehending the various sources of imperfect knowledge will be introduced in Sect. 2.3. A robustness analysis is necessary in most cases. The crucial question of how can we take into account all criteria comprehensively in order to compare potential actions between them will be tackled in Sect. 2.4. In this introductory part, I will only present a general framework for positioning the main operational approaches that exist today. In Sect. 2.5, I will discuss some more philosophical aspects of MCDA. For providing some aid in a decision context, we have to choose among different paths which one seems to be the most appropriate, or how to combine some of them: the path of realism which leads to the quest for a discussion for discovering, the axiomatic path which is often associated with the quest of norms for prescribing, or the path of constructivism which goes hand in hand with the quest of working hypothesis for recommending.

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Acknowledgements

I would like to express my most heartfelt thanks to Evelyn Perry and Dominique François for their invaluable help in putting together the final version of this chapter. Blurred nuances, obscure passages, possible misinterpretations—these are the risks we take when presenting a synthesis of rich and complex concepts, results and points of view in a language that is not our own. Such risks have been greatly reduced through a number of informative discussions with Evelyn Perry, discussions including a sentence-by-sentence examination of my first draft, typed from dictation by Dominique François, who with all her customary care and intelligence has followed the process resulting in the present version from beginning to end. The questions asked and suggestions given by Dominique François and Evelyn Perry have also proved extremely useful. Once again, I would like to thank them both for the quality of their collaboration.

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  1. LAMSADE, Université Paris-Dauphine, Place du Maréchal De Lattre de Tassigny, 75775, Paris Cedex 16, France

    Bernard Roy

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  1. Department of Economics and Business; Portsmouth Business School, Operations & Systems Management, University of Catania; University of Portsmouth, Catania; Portsmouth, Italy

    Salvatore Greco

  2. Department of Management Science, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom

    Matthias Ehrgott

  3. Universidade de Lisboa, CEG-IST, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa, Portugal

    José Rui Figueira

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Roy, B. (2016). Paradigms and Challenges. In: Greco, S., Ehrgott, M., Figueira, J. (eds) Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis. International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, vol 233. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3094-4_2

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