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A Summary of the Biological Processes, Disease-Associated Changes, and Clinical Applications of DNA Methylation

  • Protocol
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Book cover DNA Methylation Protocols

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1708))

Abstract

DNA methylation at cytosines followed by guanines, CpGs, forms one of the multiple layers of epigenetic mechanisms controlling and modulating gene expression through chromatin structure. It closely interacts with histone modifications and chromatin remodeling complexes to form the local genomic and higher-order chromatin landscape. DNA methylation is essential for proper mammalian development, crucial for imprinting and plays a role in maintaining genomic stability. DNA methylation patterns are susceptible to change in response to environmental stimuli such as diet or toxins, whereby the epigenome seems to be most vulnerable during early life. Changes of DNA methylation levels and patterns have been widely studied in several diseases, especially cancer, where interest has focused on biomarkers for early detection of cancer development, accurate diagnosis, and response to treatment, but have also been shown to occur in many other complex diseases. Recent advances in epigenome engineering technologies allow now for the large-scale assessment of the functional relevance of DNA methylation. As a stable nucleic acid-based modification that is technically easy to handle and which can be analyzed with great reproducibility and accuracy by different laboratories, DNA methylation is a promising biomarker for many applications.

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  1. Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

    Gitte Brinch Andersen

  2. Laboratory for Epigenetics & Environment, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, CEA—Institut de Biologie Francois Jacob, Bâtiment G2, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91000, Evry, France

    Gitte Brinch Andersen & Jörg Tost

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    Jörg Tost

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Andersen, G.B., Tost, J. (2018). A Summary of the Biological Processes, Disease-Associated Changes, and Clinical Applications of DNA Methylation. In: Tost, J. (eds) DNA Methylation Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1708. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7481-8_1

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