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Copper Coordination by β-Amyloid and the Neuropathology of Alzheimer’s Disease

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Book cover Abeta Peptide and Alzheimer’s Disease

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Abstract

It is nearly two decades since high concentrations of the redox active transition metal ions Cu2+ and Fe3+ found in β-amyloid plaques were first proposed to play an important role in the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (see review by Bush [1]). Over this time, a new field of metallo-neurobiology relating to AD and other neurodegenerative diseases has arisen with approximately 250 original papers and more than 1000 references in secondary publications to date. At first, many neuroscientists failed to recognize the importance of this growing literature. However, a recent pilot Phase II clinical trial of a blood-brain barrier permeable metal protein attenuating compound (MPAC), clioquinol, in patients with moderately severe AD has shown promising results [2]. In a randomized sample of 36 subjects, the effect of treatment was significant in the more severely affected group, where those treated with clioquinol showed minimal deterioration in their cognitive scores (Alzheimer’s disease Assessment Scale =25) compared with substantial worsening of the scores for the placebo group. Although subjected to the usual cautions applied to small-scale trials, this is an encouraging result that renders even more urgent the full elucidation of the possible role of transition metals, particularly Cu and Zn, in AD. It must be stressed that, although there is much experimental evidence on various aspects of the interaction between Cu, Zn, and the constituent of the amyloid plaques, the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), the structural biology and elucidation of the neuropathological significance of metal binding are very much works in progress.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Physics Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia

    Cyril C. Curtain PhD, DSc

  2. Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia

    Cyril C. Curtain PhD, DSc & Kevin J. Barnham PhD

  3. The Mental Health Research Institute of Victoria, Parkville, VIC, Australia

    Kevin J. Barnham PhD

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  1. Research and Development, Ocean Nutrition Canada, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada

    Colin J. Barrow BSc (Hons),PhD, MBA (Vice President) (Vice President)

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia

    David H. Small BSc, PhD (Associate Professorial Fellow) (Associate Professorial Fellow)

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Curtain, C.C., Barnham, K.J. (2007). Copper Coordination by β-Amyloid and the Neuropathology of Alzheimer’s Disease. In: Barrow, C.J., Small, D.H. (eds) Abeta Peptide and Alzheimer’s Disease. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-440-3_8

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