The ongoing quest to minimize the invasiveness of surgery is exemplified by robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery, single-incision laparoscopic surgery, and even natural-orifice transluminal surgery. Surgeons and engineers are pushing the boundaries of technological advancement to allow the performance of complex procedures with minimal trauma to the patient. Miniaturization and robotic-assistance are key components of this progress, and in 2009, we are witnessing increasing enthusiasm for novel systems, which have moved out of the engineering laboratory and into the operating room. While the da Vinci® surgical system (Intuitive Surgical, Mountain View, CA, USA) heralded the first widely implemented generation of surgical “robotics,” it is clear that much greater technological advances are on the horizon, which will make systems like the da Vinci® look gargantuan by comparison.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Cavalcanti A. Assembly automation with evolutionary nanorobots and sensor-based control applied to nanomedicine. IEEE Trans Nanotechnol. 2003;2(2):82–87
Freitas RA, Jr. Nanomedicine - basic capabilities. www.nanomedicine.com. 1999. Ref Type: Internet Communication
Cavalcanti A, Freitas RA, Jr. Nanorobotics control design: a collective behavior approach for medicine. IEEE Trans Nanobiosci. June 2005;4(2):133–140
Murphy DG, Challacombe B, Khan MS, Dasgupta P. Robotic technology in urology. Postgrad Med J. November 1, 2006;82(973): 743–747
Yokobayashi Y, Weiss R, Arnold FH. Directed evolution of a genetic circuit. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. December 24, 2002;99(26): 16587–16591
Schifferli KH, Schwartz JJ, Santos AT, Zhang S, Jacobson JM. Remote electronic control of DNA hybridization through inductive coupling to an attached metal nanocrystal antenna. Nature. 2002; 415(6868):152–156
Sand SB, Wiest O. Theoretical studies of mixed-valence transition metal complexes for molecular computing. J of Physical Chem. 2003;107(2):285–291
Cavalcanti A, Shirinzadeh B, Freitas RA, Jr., Kretly LC. Medical nanorobot architecture based on nanobioelectronics. Recent Patents on Nanotechnology. 1 ed. Bentham Science; 2007
Kawasaki ES, Player A. Nanotechnology, nanomedicine, and the development of new, effective therapies for cancer. Nanomed: Nanotechnol Biol Med. 2005; 1(2):101–109
Mutoh K, Tsukahara S, Mitsuhashi J, Katayama K, Sugimoto Y. Estrogen-mediated post transcriptional down-regulation of P-glycoprotein in MDR1-transduced human breast cancer cells. Cancer Sci. November 2006;97(11):1198–1204
Janda E, Nevolo M, Lehmann K, Downward J, Beug H, Grieco M. Raf plus TGFbeta-dependent EMT is initiated by endocytosis and lysosomal degradation of E-cadherin. Oncogene. November 16, 2006;25(54):7117–7130
Sonnenberg E, Godecke A, Walter B, Bladt F, Birchmeier C. Transient and locally restricted expression of the ros1 protooncogene during mouse development. EMBO J. December 1991;10(12): 3693–3702
Trust Sanger Institute. Human chromosome 22 project overview. www.sanger.ac.uk/HGP/Chr22/. 2007. Ref Type: Internet Communication
Adams JM, Cory S. The Bcl-2 apoptotic switch in cancer development and therapy. Oncogene. February 26, 2007;26(9):1324–1337
Ray ME, Mehra R, Sandler HM, Daignault S, Shah RB. E-cadherin protein expression predicts prostate cancer salvage radiotherapy outcomes. J Urol. October 2006;176(4 Pt 1):1409–1414
Wu G, Datar RH, Hansen KM, Thundat T, Cote RJ, Majumdar A. Bioassay of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) using microcantilevers. Nat Biotechnol. September 2001;19(9):856–860
Shulga OV, Zhou D, Demchenko AV, Stine KJ. Detection of free prostate specific antigen (fPSA) on a nanoporous gold platform. Analyst. March 2008;133(3):319–322
Briman M, Artukovic E, Zhang L, Chia D, Goodglick L, Gruner G. Direct electronic detection of prostate-specific antigen in serum. Small. May 2007;3(5):758–762
Gommersall L, Shergill IS, Ahmed HU et al Nanotechnology and its relevance to the urologist. Eur Urol. August 2007;52(2):368–375
Johannsen M, Gneveckow U, Taymoorian K et al Morbidity and quality of life during thermotherapy using magnetic nanoparticles in locally recurrent prostate cancer: results of a prospective phase I trial. Int J Hyperthermia. May 2007;23(3):315–323
Santhakumaran LM, Thomas T, Thomas TJ. Enhanced cellular uptake of a triplex-forming oligonucleotide by nanoparticle formation in the presence of polypropylenimine dendrimers. Nucleic Acids Res. 2004;32(7):2102–2112
Thomas TP, Patri AK, Myc A et al In vitro targeting of synthesized antibody-conjugated dendrimer nanoparticles. Biomacromolecules. November 2004;5(6):2269–2274
Acknowledgments
Many thanks to Dr Adriano Cavalcanti of the CAN Centre for Automation in Nanobiotech, Melbourne, Australia, for his advice in the preparation of this chapter and for his permission to use images reproduced here.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer-Verlag London
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Murphy, D.G., Costello, A.J. (2010). Nanotechnology. In: Dasgupta, P., Fitzpatrick, J., Kirby, R., Gill, I.S. (eds) New Technologies in Urology. New Techniques in Surgery Series, vol 7. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-178-1_30
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-178-1_30
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-84882-177-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-84882-178-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)