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Neurocognitive Disorders in Old Age: Alzheimer’s Disease, Frontotemporal Dementia, Dementia with Lewy Bodies, and Prion and Infectious Diseases

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Primary Care Mental Health in Older People

Abstract

Dementia is a clinical syndrome of cognitive decline resulting in impaired activities of daily living. It affects a person in their personhood, which, together with behavioural and psychological features, causes enormous suffering for both patient and caregiver.

Many diseases cause dementia, but neurodegenerative, vascular, and mixed disorders are most often involved. The type of dementia may influence the clinical presentation, its course, and the available therapeutic options. Thus, an aetiopathogenic assessment is crucial and includes somatic, cognitive, psychopathological, functional, and paraclinical investigations.

Most dementias have no cure although depression and substance-induced cognitive impairment are central differential diagnoses as they are potentially reversible when treated. Antidementia drugs have a limited indication. Psychosocial treatments, in particular of behavioural and psychological features, are paramount and often efficient. Medication, if required, complements psychosocial treatment. Treatment options must be evaluated dynamically as the patient and caregiver needs change over time.

Primary care is an essential component of the care provided to people with dementia, from early detection to treatment across all stages of the illness, to help alleviate patient and caregiver suffering.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Service de Psychiatrie de l’Age Avancé, Department of Psychiatry, University of Lausanne Medical Center (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland

    Armin von Gunten

  2. Instituto de Gerontologia et Geriatria, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul—PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil

    Eduardo Nogueira & Irênio Gomes

  3. Woodstreet Medical Center, London, UK

    Henk Parmentier

  4. Medical Faculty, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

    Henk Parmentier

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  1. Armin von Gunten
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  2. Eduardo Nogueira
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  4. Irênio Gomes
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Correspondence to Armin von Gunten .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Unité de Psychiatrie et de Psychothérapie, Centre Les Toises, Lausanne, Switzerland

    Carlos Augusto de Mendonça Lima

  2. Mental Health and Population Health, NOVA University Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal

    Gabriel Ivbijaro

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von Gunten, A., Nogueira, E., Parmentier, H., Gomes, I. (2019). Neurocognitive Disorders in Old Age: Alzheimer’s Disease, Frontotemporal Dementia, Dementia with Lewy Bodies, and Prion and Infectious Diseases. In: de Mendonça Lima, C., Ivbijaro, G. (eds) Primary Care Mental Health in Older People. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10814-4_21

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