Abstract
Traditional prototype development and optimization is a long and costly process. Customization of those products is either very difficult or unfeasible. Healthcare implants are often chosen by the surgeon, much like shoes, for the ‘best fit’. In addition to synthetic implant issues, there is a considerable lack of tissue and organs for transplant. When we consider the development and testing of new drugs, many in vitro models are poor predictors for drug efficacy. Cell and tissue growth on commonly used plastics, in 2 dimensions, may be part of this issue. Looking at drug delivery, the release and stability are often poorly optimized, with controlled drug delivery and release kinetics often unaddressed. In addition to these healthcare related issues, the world is facing increased pressure for resources due to both population growth and standard of living increases.
3D printing and 3D bioprinting offer potential solutions to these problems. There is no doubt that a new era of manufacturing is upon us; 3D printing has revolutionized the way products are made, developed and customized. Chitosan has captured a small area of these fields at 1.1% of total 3D printing and ~4% of bioprinting publications. The open source movement has made the instrumentation, modeling and hardware control software more accessible, further improving the customizability of products. This will also likely increase the number of studies using chitosan. Within the biomedical arena where chitosan and its derivatives have been used, chitosan has found utility across many cell types, including mesenchymal stromal cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, and in modeling tissues such as bone, cartilage and liver. A 3D printed chitosan-based structure was able to record breathing rate, pulse rate, and finger and bicep flexion due to changes in conductivity when compressed. As a biodegradable polymer, chitosan can be added to the list of low resource and low environmental impact 3D printing materials. This chapter focuses on the use of chitosan in 3D printing and bioprinting, highlighting its application in drug delivery and tissue engineering.
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- DIY:
-
do-it-yourself
- DLP:
-
digital light processing
- DMLS:
-
direct metal laser sintering
- EBM:
-
electron beam manufacturing
- EDC:
-
1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride
- FDM:
-
fused deposition modeling
- IL:
-
interleukin
- iPSCs:
-
induced pluripotent stem cells
- LAP:
-
phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate
- MSC:
-
mesenchymal stromal cell
- PCL:
-
polycaprolactone
- PEG:
-
polyethylene glycol
- PLA:
-
polylactic acid
- PLGA:
-
poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
- PLL:
-
poly-L-lysine
- SLA:
-
stereolithography
- SLS:
-
selective laser sintering
- SPIONS:
-
superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles
- TCP:
-
tricalcium phosphate
- TED:
-
technology, entertainment and design
- TNFα:
-
tumor necrosis factor alpha
- VEGF:
-
vascular endothelial growth factor
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Kean, T.J., Thanou, M. (2019). Utility of Chitosan for 3D Printing and Bioprinting. In: Crini, G., Lichtfouse, E. (eds) Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 35. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, vol 35. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16538-3_6
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