Skip to main content

Rethinking Weidman’s Models of Socialization for Latinxs Along the Postsecondary Educational Pipeline

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Socialization in Higher Education and the Early Career

Part of the book series: Knowledge Studies in Higher Education ((KSHE,volume 7))

Abstract

This chapter explores the usefulness of Weidman’s socialization models for understanding the socialization of Latinx undergraduate and graduate students. Through a review of existing literature on Latinx undergraduate and graduate students’ integration, adjustment, and socialization, and through the lens of Latino Critical Theory (LatCrit), we highlight the ways in which Latinxs experience racist socializing contexts along the postsecondary educational pipeline and how this negatively affects their socialization process. Then, through the lens of Community Cultural Wealth (CCW), we highlight how Latinxs’ background and dispositions serve as assets as they navigate the white normative contexts of higher education. Based on this review, we challenge and rethink the Weidman models, offering theoretical suggestions for making them more applicable to the experiences of Latinxs along the postsecondary pipeline. We also offer a revised model that considers white supremacy as an underlying driving force in the socialization of Latinxs. We also add various forms of community cultural wealth to the model, and propose alternative, empowering socialization outcomes for Latinxs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    We intentionally capitalize “Students of Color,” “People of Color,” and all forms as a way to acknowledge and center racially minoritized people within our research and writing.

  2. 2.

    We use the term “Latinx” as a gender inclusive term for people who self-identify as having racial and ethnic roots in Latin America, South America, Mexico, and parts of the Caribbean. Latinxs are connected by colonization, geography, and culture, yet they are a heterogeneous and complex group of people.

  3. 3.

    We intentionally use lower case “w” to refer to the white racial group as a way to decenter whiteness in our research.

References

  • Aguirre-Covarrubias, S., Arellano, E., & Espinoza, P. (2015). “A pesar de todo” (despite everything): The persistence of Latina graduate engineering students at a Hispanic-serving institution: “A pesar de todo” (despite everything). New Directions for Higher Education, 2015(172), 49–57. https://doi.org/10.1002/he.20152

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cabrera, N. L., Franklin, J. D., & Watson, J. S. (2017). Whiteness in higher education: The invisible missing link in diversity and racial analyses. ASHE Higher Education Report, 42(6), 7–125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carnevale, A. P., & Strohl, J. (2013). Separate and unequal: How higher education reinforces the intergenerational reproduction of white racial privilege. Retrieved from Georgetown University: Center on Education and the Workforce: cew.georgetown.edu/separateandunequal

  • Ceballo, R. (2004). From barrios to Yale: The role of parenting strategies in Latino families. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 26(2), 171–186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cuellar, M. (2014). The impact of Hispanic-Serving Institutions (HSIs), emerging HSIs, and non-HSIs on Latina/o academic self-concept. The Review of Higher Education, 37, 499–530. https://doi.org/10.1353/rhe.2014.0032

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daniel, C. (2007). Outsiders-within: Critical race theory, graduate education and barriers to professionalization. Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, 34(1), 25–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dayton, B., González-Vasquez, N., Martinez, C. R., & Plum, C. (2004). Hispanic-serving institutions through the eyes of students and administrators. New Directions for Student Services, 105, 29–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Easley Jr., N., Bianco, M., & Leech, N. (2012). Ganas: A qualitative study examining Mexican heritage students’ motivation to succeed in higher education. Journal of Hispanic Higher Education, 11(2), 164–178.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia, G. A. (2016). Complicating a Latina/−o serving identity at a Hispanic Serving Institution. The Review of Higher Education, 40(1), 117–143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia, G. A. (2017). Defined by outcomes or culture? Constructing an organizational identity for Hispanic-Serving Institutions. American Education Research Journal, 54(1S), 111S–134S. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831216669779

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia, G. A., & Cuellar, M. (2018). Exploring curricular and cocurricular effects on civic engagement at emerging Hispanic-Serving Institutions. Teachers College Record, 120(4), 4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia, G. A., & Johnston-Guerrero, M. P. (2015). Challenging the utility of a racial microaggressions framework through a systematic review of racially biased incidents on campus. Journal of Critical Scholarship on Higher Education and Student Affairs, 2(1), 26–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garcia, G. A., & Ramirez, J. J. (2018). Institutional agents at a Hispanic Serving Institution (HSI): Using social capital to empower students. Urban Education, 53(3), 355–381. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085915623341

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • González, J. C. (2006). Academic socialization experiences of Latina doctoral students: A qualitative understanding of support systems that aid and challenges that hinder the process. Journal of Hispanic Higher Education, 5(4), 347–365. https://doi.org/10.1177/1538192706291141

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • González, J. C. (2007). Surviving the doctorate and thriving as faculty: Latina junior faculty reflecting on their doctoral studies experiences. Equity & Excellence in Education, 40(4), 291–300. https://doi.org/10.1080/10665680701578613

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guardia, J. R., & Evans, N. J. (2008). Factors influencing the ethnic identity development of Latino fraternity members at a Hispanic Serving Institution. Journal of College Student Development, 49, 163–181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hernandez-Truyol, B. (1997). Borders (en)gendered: Normativities, Latinas and a LatCrit paradigm. New York University Law Review, 72, 882–927.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hurtado, S., Alvarez, C. L., Guillermo-Wann, C., Cuellar, M., & Arellano, L. (2012). A model for diverse learning environments: The scholarship on creating and assessing conditions for student success. In J. C. Smart & M. B. Paulsen (Eds.), Higher education: Handbook for theory and research (pp. 41–122). New York: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Hurtado, S., & Carter, D. F. (1997). Effects of college transition and perceptions of the campus racial climate on Latino college students’ sense of belonging. Sociology of Education, 70(4), 324–345.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hurtado, S., Carter, D. F., & Spuler, A. (1996). Latino student transition to college: Assessing difficulties and factors in successful college adjustment. Research in Higher Education, 37(2), 135–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laden, B. V. (2001). Hispanic-Serving Institutions: Myths and realities. Peabody Journal of Education, 76(1), 73–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laden, B. V. (2004). Hispanic-serving institutions: What are they? Where are they? Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 28, 181–198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lara, I. (2002). Healing sueñios for academia. In G. Anzaldua & A. Keating (Eds.), This bridge we call home: Radical visions for transformation (pp. 433–438). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • LatCrit Inc. (2001). Appendix 1: LatCrit fact sheet. Retrieved from http://latcrit.org/media/medialibrary/2014/01/lcprimerii.pdf

  • Leyva, V. L. (2011, 2011). First-generation Latina graduate students: Balancing professional identity development with traditional family roles. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, (127), 21–31. https://doi.org/10.1002/tl.454

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morales, E. E., & Trotman, F. K. (2010). A focus on hope. In Fifty resilient students speak. New York: University Press of America.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moreno, D., & Banuelos, S. (2013). The influence of Latina/o Greek sorority and fraternity involvement on Latina/o college student transition and success. Journal of Latino/Latin American Studies, 5(2), 113–125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • National Center for Education Statistics. (2016). The Condition of Education 2016 (NCES 2016–144), Characteristics of Postsecondary Faculty. Percentage distribution of full-time instructional faculty in degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by academic rank, selected race/ethnicity, and sex: Fall 2013. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=61

  • National Center for Education Statistics. (2017). The condition of education 2017 (NCES 2017–144). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patrón, O. E., & Garcia, G. A. (2016). The convergence of social identities and environmental contexts in facilitating Latino male resilience. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 38(4), 523–545.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patton, L. D. (2016). Disrupting postsecondary prose: Toward a critical race theory of higher education. Urban Education, 51(3), 315–342.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perez Huber, L. (2010). Using Latina/o critical race theory (LatCrit) and racist nativism to explore intersectionality in the educational experiences of undocumented Chicana college students. The Journal of Educational Foundations, 24(1/2), 77–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ponjuan, L. (2011). Recruiting and retaining Latino faculty members: The missing piece to Latino student success. Thought & Action, 27, 99–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramirez, E. (2014). “¿Qué estoy haciendo aquí?(what am I doing here?)”: Chicanos/Latinos(as) navigating challenges and inequalities during their first year of graduate school. Equity & Excellence in Education, 47(2), 167–186. https://doi.org/10.1080/10665684.2014.900394

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rendon, L. I., Jalomo, R. E., & Nora, A. (2000). Theoretical considerations in the study of minority student retention in higher education. In J. M. Braxton (Ed.), Reworking the student departure puzzle (pp. 127–156). Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rudolph, B. A., Castillo, C. P., Garcia, V. G., Martinez, A., & Navarro, F. (2015). Hispanic graduate students’ mentoring themes: Gender roles in a bicultural context. Journal of Hispanic Higher Education, 14(3), 191–206. https://doi.org/10.1177/1538192714551368

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sensoy, O., & DiAngelo, R. (2012). Is everyone really equal? An introduction to key concepts in social justice education. New York: Teachers College.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solórzano, D. G., & Bernal, D. D. (2001). Examining transformational resistance through a critical race and LatCrit theory framework: Chicana and Chicano students in an urban context. Urban Education, 36(3), 308–342.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Solórzano, D. G., Villalpando, O., & Oseguera, L. (2005). Educational inequities and Latina/o undergraduate students in the United States: A critical race analysis of their educational progress. Journal of Hispanic Higher Education, 4(3), 272–294.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Solórzano, D. G., & Yosso, T. J. (2001). Critical race and LatCrit theory and method: Counter-storytelling. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 14(4), 471–495.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Torres, V., & Hernandez, E. (2007). The influence of ethnic identity on self-authorship: A longitudinal study of Latino/a college students. Journal of College Student Development, 48(5), 558–573.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Twale, D. J., Weidman, J. C., & Bethea, K. (2016). Conceptualizing socialization of graduate students of color: Revisiting the Weidman-Twale-Stein framework. Western Journal of Black Studies, 40(2), 80–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Valdes, F. (1996). Latina/o ethnicities, critical race theory, and post-identity politics in postmodern legal culture: From practices to possibilities. La Raza Law Journal, 9(1), 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Veal, J. L., Bull, M. J., & Miller, J. F. (2012). A framework of academic persistence and success for ethnically diverse graduate nursing students. Nursing Education Perspectives, 33(5), 322–327.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Villalpando, O. (2002). Self-segregation or self-preservation? A critical race theory and Latina/o critical theory analysis of a study of Chicana/o college students. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 16(5), 619–646.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Villalpando, O. (2004). Practical considerations of critical race theory and Latino critical theory for Latino college students. In Ortiz, A. M. (Ed.), New Directions for Student Services: Addressing the Unique Needs of Latino American Students (No. 105, pp. 41–50). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weidman, J. C. (1989). Undergraduate socialization: A conceptual approach. In J. C. Smart (Ed.), Higher education: Handbook of theory and research (Vol. 5, pp. 289–322). New York: Agathon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weidman, J. C. (2006). Socialization of students in higher education: Organizational perspectives. In C. C. Conrad & R. C. Serlin (Eds.), The Sage handbook for research in education: Engaging ideas and enriching inquiry (pp. 253–262). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weidman, J. C. (2015). Graduate student socialization: Re-visiting the Weidman-Twale-Stein model. Presentation at the 16th International Conference on Educational Research (ICER), Seoul National University, Korea, October. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305397166_Graduate_Student_Socialization_Re-visiting_the_Weidman-Twale-Stein_Model

  • Weidman, J. C., Twale, D. J., & Stein, E. L. (2001). Socialization of graduate and professional students in higher education: A perilous passage? (ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report, Vol. 28, No. 3). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED457710.pdf

  • Yao, C. W. (2015). Sense of belonging in international students: Making the case against integration to US institutions of higher education. Comparative and International Higher Education, 7, 6–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yosso, T., Smith, W., Ceja, M., & Solórzano, D. (2009). Critical race theory, racial microaggressions, and campus racial climate for Latina/o undergraduates. Harvard Educational Review, 79(4), 659–690.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yosso, T. J. (2005). Whose culture has capital? A critical race theory discussion of community cultural wealth. Race Ethnicity and Education, 8(1), 69–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gina A. Garcia .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Garcia, G.A., Ramirez, J.J., Patrón, O.E. (2020). Rethinking Weidman’s Models of Socialization for Latinxs Along the Postsecondary Educational Pipeline. In: Weidman, J.C., DeAngelo, L. (eds) Socialization in Higher Education and the Early Career. Knowledge Studies in Higher Education, vol 7. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33350-8_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33350-8_4

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-33349-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-33350-8

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics