Skip to main content

The European Youth Strategy

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Palgrave Studies in Adult Education and Lifelong Learning ((PSAELL))

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the analysis of the European Youth Strategy (2018) and its historical antecedents, which have been defining the policy priorities for European youth since the early 2000s. Through the examination of the changing policy objectives in the youth field, the chapter traces how the policy instruments utilised by the European institutions evolved. It identifies several governance mechanisms and five policy instruments used to coordinate and influence domestic adaptation of youth policies. The chapter identifies the legal, symbolic and epistemological functions these Youth Strategies have played at the European and national policy level. The Structured Dialogue, particularly, has been recognised as an influential but contested tool within the mutual- and peer-learning arrangements policy instrument.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Banjac, M. (2017). Youth, Risk and the Structured Dialogue: Governing Young EU Citizens. Journal of Youth Studies, 20(4), 471–486.

    Google Scholar 

  • Banjac, M. (2018). What Role of Education for Youth? Discourse Within the European Union’s Structured Dialogue. Journal of Education Policy, 34(4), 1–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beck, U. (1992). Risk Society. London: SAGE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of the European Union. (2002). Resolution of the Council and of the Representatives of the Governments of the Member States, Meeting Within the Council of 27 June 2002 Regarding the Framework of European Cooperation in the Youth Field. Brussels: Council of the European Union.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of the European Union. (2005a). European Youth Pact. Brussels: Council of the European Union.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of the European Union. (2005b). Presidency Conclusions of the Brussels European Council. 22 and 23 March 2005. Brussels: Council of the European Union.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of the European Union. (2009). Council Resolution of 27 November 2009 on a Renewed Framework for European Cooperation in the Youth Field (2010–2018). Brussels: Council of the European Union.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of the European Union. (2015). Resolution of the Council and of the Representatives of the Governments of the Member States, Meeting Within the Council, on a European Union Work Plan for Youth for 2016–2018. Brussels: Council of the European Union.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of the European Union. (2017). Council Resolution on the Structured Dialogue and the Future Development of the Dialogue with Young People in the Context of Policies for European Cooperation in the Youth Field, Post 2018. Brussels: Council of the European Union.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edelman, M. J. (1964). The Symbolic Uses of Politics. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission. (2001). European Commission White Paper. A New Impetus for European Youth. COM(2001) 681 final. Brussels: European Commission.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission. (2009). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. An EU Strategy for Youth – Investing and Empowering A Renewed Open Method of Coordination to Address Youth Challenges and Opportunities. Impact Assessment. COM(2009) 200. Brussels: European Commission.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission. (2011). Commission Staff Working Document on EU Indicators in the Field of Youth. SEC(2011) 401 final. Brussels: European Commission.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission. (2012a). EU Youth Report. Brussels: The European Commission. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/assets/eac/youth/library/reports/eu-youth-report-2012_en.pdf

  • European Commission. (2012b). Note to the Directors-General for Youth. Mandate for Expert Group on Peer-Learning. Expert Group in the Youth Policy Fields (E025476). Register of Commission Expert Groups and Other Similar Entities. Brussels: European Commission. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regexpert/index.cfm?do=groupDetail.groupDetail&groupID=2547

  • European Commission. (2013). Draft Meeting Report on 9th Meeting of the Expert Group on the Mobility of Young Volunteers. Expert Group in the Youth Policy Fields (E025476). Register of Commission Expert Groups and Other Similar Entities. Brussels: European Commission. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regexpert/index.cfm?do=groupDetail.groupDetail&groupID=2547

  • European Commission. (2015). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. Draft 2015 Joint Report of the Council and the Commission on the Implementation of the Renewed Framework for European Cooperation in the Youth Field (2010–2018). COM(2015) 429 final. Brussels: European Commission.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission. (2016a). Evaluation of the EU Youth Strategy and the Council Recommendation on the Mobility of Young Volunteers Across the EU. Final Report. Brussels: European Commission. Retrieved from https://publications.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/902b003d-2884-11e6-b616-01aa75ed71a1/language-en

  • European Commission. (2016b). Mandate of the Expert Group on Digitalisation and Youth. Expert Group on ‘Risks, Opportunities and Implications of Digitalisation for Youth, Youth Work and Youth Policy’. Brussels: European Commission. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/assets/eac/youth/policy/documents/mandate-expert_group-digitalisation-youth_en.pdf

  • European Commission. (2017a). Expert Group in the Youth Policy Fields (E025476). Register of Commission Expert Groups and Other Similar Entities. Brussels: European Commission. Retrieved December 20, 2018, from http://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regexpert/index.cfm?do=groupDetail.groupDetail&groupID=2547

  • European Commission. (2017b). Mandate of the Expert Group on Youth Work for Young Migrants and Refugees. Brussels: European Commission. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/youth/sites/youth/files/mandate-expert-migrants_en.pdf

  • European Commission. (2018a). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. Engaging, Connecting and Empowering Young People: A New EU Youth Strategy. COM(2018) 269 final. Brussels: European Commission.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission. (2018b). Commission Staff Working Document. Results of the Open Method of Coordination in the Youth Field 2010–2018. Accompanying the Document: Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. Engaging, Connecting and Empowering Young People: A New EU Youth Strategy SWD (2018) 168 final. Brussels: European Commission.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission. (2018c). Structured Dialogue. Brussels: European Commission. Retrieved December 20, 2018, from https://ec.europa.eu/youth/policy/implementation/dialogue_en

  • European Court of Auditors. (2017). Youth Unemployment – Have EU Policies Made a Difference?: Report. Retrieved from https://www.eca.europa.eu/Lists/ECADocuments/SR17_5/SR_YOUTH_GUARANTEE_EN.pdf

  • European Parliament. (2009). Youth Policy and Participation in the EU: Note. Brussels: European Parliament. Retrieved from http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/note/join/2009/408968/IPOL-CULT_NT(2009)408968_EN.pdf

  • European Parliament. (2013a). Answer Given by Mr Andor on Behalf of the Commission. E-010409/2013. Brussels: European Parliament. Retrieved from http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getAllAnswers.do?reference=E-2013-010409&language=EN

  • European Parliament. (2013b). Draft Opinion of the Committee on Regional Development for the Committee on Culture and Education on Implementation of the EU Youth Strategy 2010–2012. Brussels: European Parliament. Retrieved from http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//NONSGML+COMPARL+PE-510.632+02+DOC+PDF+V0//EN&language=EN

  • European Parliament. (2013c). European Parliament Resolution of 11 September 2013 on Implementation of the EU Youth Strategy 2010–2012. Brussels: European Parliament.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Parliament. (2018). EU Youth Strategy. European Implementation Assessment: Study. Brussels: European Parliament. Retrieved from http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2018/615645/EPRS_STU(2018)615645_EN.pdf

  • European Youth Forum. (2006). European Youth Forum’s Reaction to the European Commission Communication on European Policies Concerning Youth Participation and Information. Youth Policy in Europe, 0591-06. Retrieved from https://www.youthforum.org/sites/default/files/publication-pdfs/0591-06%20reaction_EC_COM_07.pdf

  • European Youth Forum. (2018). New EU Youth Strategy: A Potential Game Changer for Young People: Statement 22 May 2018. Retrieved from https://www.youthforum.org/new-eu-youth-strategy-potential-game-changer-young-people

  • Giddens, A. (1991). Modernity and Self-identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haas, P. (2001). Policy Knowledge: Epistemic Communities. In N. J. Smelser & B. Baltes (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences (pp. 11578–11586). Amsterdam and New York: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodgson, D. (2011). Policy Rationalities and Policy Technologies: A Programme for Analysing the Raised School-Leaving Age in Western Australia. Journal of Education Policy, 26(1), 115–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hy, R. (1978). Some Aspects of Symbolic Education Policy: A Research Note. The Educational Forum, 42(2), 203–209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jordan, A., Wurzel, R. K. W., & Zito, A. (2005). The Rise of ‘New’ Policy Instruments in Comparative Perspective: Has Governance Eclipsed Government? Political Studies, 53(3), 477–496.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kassim, H., & Le Galès, P. (2010). Exploring Governance in a Multi-Level Polity: A Policy Instruments Approach. West European Politics, 33(1), 1–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lascoumes, P., & Le Galès, P. (2007). Introduction: Understanding Public Policy Through Its Instruments – From the Nature of Instruments to the Sociology of Public Policy Instrumentation. Governance, 20(1), 1–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lingard, B., & Sellar, S. (2016). The Changing Organizational and Global Significance of the OECD’s Education Work. In K. Mundy, A. Green, B. Lingard, & A. Verger (Eds.), Handbook of Global Education Policy (pp. 357–373). Somerset: John Wiley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loncle, P., Leahy, P., Muniglia, V., & Walther, A. (2012). Youth Participation: Strong Discourses, Weak Policies – A General Perspective. In P. Loncle, M. Cuconato, V. Muniglia, & A. Walther (Eds.), Youth Participation in Europe. Bristol: Policy Press at the University of Bristol.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozga, J. (2009). Governing Education Through Data in England: From Regulation to Self-Evaluation. Journal of Education Policy, 24(2), 149–162.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozga, J. (2012). Governing Knowledge: Data, Inspection and Education Policy in Europe. Globalisation, Societies and Education, 10(4), 439–455.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ravinet, P. (2008). From Voluntary Participation to Monitored Coordination: Why European Countries Feel Increasingly Bound by Their Commitment to the Bologna Process. European Journal of Education, 43(3), 353–367.

    Google Scholar 

  • Souto-Otero, M., Fleckenstein, T., & Dacombe, R. (2008). Filling in the Gaps: European Governance, the Open Method of Coordination and the European Commission. Journal of Education Policy, 23(3), 231–249.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, C., & Bendit, R. (2009). Youth Policies in Europe: Towards a Classification of Different Tendencies in Youth Policies in the European Union. Perspectives on European Politics & Society, 10(3), 441–458.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodward, R. (2009). The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon and New York, NY: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gosia Klatt .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Klatt, G. (2020). The European Youth Strategy. In: Milana, M., Klatt, G., Vatrella, S. (eds) Europe's Lifelong Learning Markets, Governance and Policy. Palgrave Studies in Adult Education and Lifelong Learning. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38069-4_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38069-4_4

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-38068-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-38069-4

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics