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Imaging Epileptic Seizures Using fMRI

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Abstract

Seizures are the defining feature of epilepsy. They are a paroxysmal disruption of normal brain function, where networks that usually subserve normal cognition and other tasks become transiently engaged by intense pathological epileptic activity. Understanding the networks affected by each of the seizure types is becoming central in the modern conceptualization of epilepsy, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has the appropriate temporal and spatial resolution to reveal these patterns. Although much fMRI research continues to address the nonseizure phases of epilepsy (examining baseline connectivity, cognitive-task activation, and the localization of interictal discharges), the field has advanced such that we can now address what fMRI reveals about seizures directly. In this chapter, we contrast fMRI studies of focal and generalized seizure types and examine the neurovascular evolution of the epileptic seizure discharge, from its onset in the interictal period through to the full clinical expression of the event and its eventual termination. Visualization of this data shows specific sequences of network involvement in each seizure type, disrupting large-scale intrinsic brain networks and providing a unified explanation for the diverse semiological expression of epileptic seizures.

With acknowledgement to Simon M. Glynn and John A. Detre for their work on the first edition of this chapter, which provided a framework for this revised material.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia

    David N. Vaughan & Graeme D. Jackson

  2. Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia

    David N. Vaughan & Graeme D. Jackson

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  1. David N. Vaughan
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  2. Graeme D. Jackson
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Correspondence to David N. Vaughan .

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  1. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland

    Stephan Ulmer

  2. Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany

    Olav Jansen

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Vaughan, D.N., Jackson, G.D. (2020). Imaging Epileptic Seizures Using fMRI. In: Ulmer, S., Jansen, O. (eds) fMRI. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41874-8_14

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